expression: let cast function supports explicit set charset

[Defined2014]

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #55677

Problem Summary: Ref https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/cast-functions.html#cast-function-descriptions

What changed and how does it work?

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Integration test
• Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)
• No need to test

  • I checked and no code files have been changed.

Side effects

• Performance regression: Consumes more CPU
• Performance regression: Consumes more Memory
• Breaking backward compatibility

Documentation

• Affects user behaviors
• Contains syntax changes
• Contains variable changes
• Contains experimental features
• Changes MySQL compatibility

Release note

Please refer to Release Notes Language Style Guide to write a quality release note.

None

[tiprow]

Hi @Defined2014. Thanks for your PR.

PRs from untrusted users cannot be marked as trusted with /ok-to-test in this repo meaning untrusted PR authors can never trigger tests themselves. Collaborators can still trigger tests on the PR using /test all.

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 88.00000% with 6 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 56.4776%. Comparing base (2d1ed88) to head (78b313d).
Report is 1032 commits behind head on master.

Additional details and impacted files

@@                Coverage Diff                @@
##             master     #55724         +/-   ##
=================================================
- Coverage   72.8465%   56.4776%   -16.3689%     
=================================================
  Files          1604       1730        +126     
  Lines        445737     629461     +183724     
=================================================
+ Hits         324704     355505      +30801     
- Misses       101006     250035     +149029     
- Partials      20027      23921       +3894     

Flag	Coverage Δ
integration	37.2391% <76.0000%> (?)
unit	72.0529% <84.0000%> (+0.0970%)	⬆️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Components	Coverage Δ
dumpling	52.9567% <ø> (ø)
parser	∅ <ø> (∅)
br	52.8235% <ø> (+7.0860%)	⬆️

[Defined2014]

/retest

[tiprow]

@Defined2014: Cannot trigger testing until a trusted user reviews the PR and leaves an /ok-to-test message.

In response to this:

/retest

Instructions for interacting with me using PR comments are available here. If you have questions or suggestions related to my behavior, please file an issue against the kubernetes-sigs/prow repository.

[ti-chi-bot]

In response to a cherrypick label: new pull request created to branch release-7.5: #56088.

[ti-chi-bot]

In response to a cherrypick label: new pull request could not be created: failed to create pull request against pingcap/tidb#release-7.5 from head ti-chi-bot:cherry-pick-55724-to-release-7.5: status code 422 not one of [201], body: {"message":"Validation Failed","errors":[{"resource":"PullRequest","code":"custom","message":"A pull request already exists for ti-chi-bot:cherry-pick-55724-to-release-7.5."}],"documentation_url":"https://docs.github.com/rest/pulls/pulls#create-a-pull-request","status":"422"}

[ti-chi-bot]

In response to a cherrypick label: new pull request created to branch release-7.1: #56912.

[ti-chi-bot]

In response to a cherrypick label: new pull request created to branch release-8.1: #58154.

[ti-chi-bot]

In response to a cherrypick label: new pull request created to branch release-6.5: #59287.
But this PR has conflicts, please resolve them!