Add drake_cc_package_library and library_lint

[jwnimmer-tri]

This is a re-application of #8582, whose overview description was:

This should be substantially easier to maintain correct lists, and document for authors the purpose of the package-level library without repeating identical comments everywhere.

This is also a step along the way to #6464, where libdrake will depend on just these package-summary libraries, instead of listing out each individual component.

Now that #8667 has merged, we can rely on genquery() to work even on macOS, and thus the original commits can go back in without any additional edits.

New in this PR is the first commit, that adds some stubs for macOS support. Edit: Submitted separately as #8667. This PR is now a plain revert-of-revert.

---

This change is 

[jwnimmer-tri]

@drake-jenkins-bot mac-sierra-clang-bazel-experimental-everything please
@drake-jenkins-bot mac-highsierra-clang-bazel-experimental-everything please

[jwnimmer-tri]

+@sammy-tri for sole review. I think the only review goal here is to reaffirm that this indeed is only a re-application of two commits that had been previously reviewed and merged, but then reverted.

[sammy-tri]

---

Review status: 0 of 41 files reviewed at latest revision, all discussions resolved.

---

Comments from Reviewable