Dataframe v2: support for filtered_point_of_view

[teh-cmc]

Title.

• DNM: requires Dataframe v2: support for filtered_index_values #7589

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• I have read and agree to Contributor Guide and the Code of Conduct
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[jleibs]

Nit: still want to rename this concept, but no reason to hold up this PR since I still dislike all the names.