ML-DSA: Key generation across all parameter sets.

libcrux-ml-dsa/src/arithmetic.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 use crate::constants::{BITS_IN_LOWER_PART_OF_T, COEFFICIENTS_IN_RING_ELEMENT, FIELD_MODULUS};
 
-/// Values having this type hold a representative 'x' of the ML-DSA field.
-pub(crate) type FieldElement = i32;
-
-#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
 pub struct PolynomialRingElement {
     pub(crate) coefficients: [FieldElement; COEFFICIENTS_IN_RING_ELEMENT],
 }
@@ -15,16 +12,74 @@ impl PolynomialRingElement {
     };
 }
 
-// Splits 0 ≤ t < Q into t0 and t1 with a = t1*2ᴰ + t0
+pub(crate) fn add_to_ring_element(
+    mut lhs: PolynomialRingElement,
+    rhs: &PolynomialRingElement,
+) -> PolynomialRingElement {
+    for i in 0..lhs.coefficients.len() {
+        lhs.coefficients[i] += rhs.coefficients[i];
+    }
+
+    lhs
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn get_n_least_significant_bits(n: u8, value: u64) -> u64 {
+    value & ((1 << n) - 1)
+}
+
+/// Values having this type hold a representative 'x' of the ML-DSA field.
+pub(crate) type FieldElement = i32;
+
+/// If 'x' denotes a value of type `fe`, values having this type hold a
+/// representative y ≡ x·MONTGOMERY_R^(-1) (mod FIELD_MODULUS).
+/// We use 'mfe' as a shorthand for this type
+pub(crate) type MontgomeryFieldElement = i32;
+
+/// If 'x' denotes a value of type `fe`, values having this type hold a
+/// representative y ≡ x·MONTGOMERY_R (mod FIELD_MODULUS).
+/// We use 'fer' as a shorthand for this type.
+pub(crate) type FieldElementTimesMontgomeryR = i32;
+
+const MONTGOMERY_SHIFT: u8 = 32;
+const INVERSE_OF_MODULUS_MOD_MONTGOMERY_R: u64 = 58_728_449; // FIELD_MODULUS^{-1} mod 2^32
+
+pub(crate) fn montgomery_reduce(value: i64) -> MontgomeryFieldElement {
+    let t = get_n_least_significant_bits(MONTGOMERY_SHIFT, value as u64)
+        * INVERSE_OF_MODULUS_MOD_MONTGOMERY_R;
+    let k = get_n_least_significant_bits(MONTGOMERY_SHIFT, t) as i32;
+
+    let k_times_modulus = (k as i64) * (FIELD_MODULUS as i64);
+
+    let c = (k_times_modulus >> MONTGOMERY_SHIFT) as i32;
+    let value_high = (value >> MONTGOMERY_SHIFT) as i32;
+
+    value_high - c
+}
+
+#[inline(always)]
+pub(crate) fn montgomery_multiply_fe_by_fer(
+    fe: FieldElement,
+    fer: FieldElementTimesMontgomeryR,
+) -> FieldElement {
+    montgomery_reduce((fe as i64) * (fer as i64))
+}
+
+// Splits t ∈ {0, ..., q-1} into t0 and t1 with a = t1*2ᴰ + t0
 // and -2ᴰ⁻¹ < t0 < 2ᴰ⁻¹.  Returns t0 and t1 computed as.
 //
 // - t0 = t mod± 2ᵈ
 // - t1 = (t - t0) / 2ᵈ.
 //
+// We assume the input t is in the signed representative range and convert it
+// to the standard unsigned range.
+//
 // This approach has been taken from:
 // https://github.com/cloudflare/circl/blob/main/sign/dilithium/internal/common/field.go#L35
 pub(crate) fn power2round(t: i32) -> (i32, i32) {
-    debug_assert!(t >= 0 && t < FIELD_MODULUS);
+    debug_assert!(t > -FIELD_MODULUS && t < FIELD_MODULUS, "t is {}", t);
+
+    // Convert the signed representative to the standard unsigned one.
+    let t = t + ((t >> 31) & FIELD_MODULUS);
 
     // Compute t mod 2ᵈ
     // t0 is now one of 0, 1, ..., 2ᵈ⁻¹-1, 2ᵈ⁻¹, 2ᵈ⁻¹+1, ..., 2ᵈ-1
@@ -54,10 +109,19 @@ pub(crate) fn t0_to_unsigned_representative(t0: i32) -> i32 {
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
 
+    #[test]
+    fn test_montgomery_reduce() {
+        assert_eq!(montgomery_reduce(10933346042510), -1553279);
+        assert_eq!(montgomery_reduce(-20392060523118), 1331779);
+        assert_eq!(montgomery_reduce(13704140696092), -1231016);
+        assert_eq!(montgomery_reduce(-631922212176), -2580954);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn test_power2round() {
-        assert_eq!(power2round(2898283), (-1685, 354));
-        assert_eq!(power2round(3821421), (3949, 466));
-        assert_eq!(power2round(2577417), (-3063, 315));
+        assert_eq!(power2round(669975), (-1769, 82));
+        assert_eq!(power2round(1843331), (131, 225));
+        assert_eq!(power2round(-1568816), (4049, 831));
+        assert_eq!(power2round(-4022142), (131, 532));
     }
 }

libcrux-ml-dsa/src/constants.rs

@@ -5,10 +5,15 @@ pub(crate) const COEFFICIENTS_IN_RING_ELEMENT: usize = 256;
 pub(crate) const FIELD_MODULUS_MINUS_ONE_BIT_LENGTH: usize = 23;
 
 pub(crate) const BITS_IN_LOWER_PART_OF_T: usize = 13;
+pub(crate) const BYTES_FOR_RING_ELEMENT_OF_T0S: usize =
+    (BITS_IN_LOWER_PART_OF_T * COEFFICIENTS_IN_RING_ELEMENT) / 8;
 
 pub(crate) const BITS_IN_UPPER_PART_OF_T: usize =
     FIELD_MODULUS_MINUS_ONE_BIT_LENGTH - BITS_IN_LOWER_PART_OF_T;
+pub(crate) const BYTES_FOR_RING_ELEMENT_OF_T1S: usize =
+    (BITS_IN_UPPER_PART_OF_T * COEFFICIENTS_IN_RING_ELEMENT) / 8;
 
 pub(crate) const SEED_FOR_A_SIZE: usize = 32;
-pub(crate) const HASH_OF_PUBLIC_KEY_SIZE: usize = 64;
+pub(crate) const SEED_FOR_ERROR_VECTORS_SIZE: usize = 64;
+pub(crate) const BYTES_FOR_VERIFICATION_KEY_HASH: usize = 64;
 pub(crate) const SEED_FOR_SIGNING_SIZE: usize = 32;

libcrux-ml-dsa/src/lib.rs

@@ -2,10 +2,12 @@ mod arithmetic;
 mod constants;
 mod hash_functions;
 mod matrix;
+mod ml_dsa_generic;
+mod ntt;
 mod sample;
 mod serialize;
 mod utils;
 
-mod ml_dsa_generic;
-
+pub mod ml_dsa_44;
 pub mod ml_dsa_65;
+pub mod ml_dsa_87;

libcrux-ml-dsa/src/matrix.rs

@@ -1,27 +1,85 @@
-use crate::{arithmetic::PolynomialRingElement, sample::sample_ring_element_uniform};
+use crate::{
+    arithmetic::{add_to_ring_element, power2round, PolynomialRingElement},
+    ntt::{invert_ntt_montgomery, ntt, ntt_multiply_montgomery},
+    sample::{sample_error_ring_element_uniform, sample_ring_element_uniform},
+};
+
+pub(crate) fn power2round_vector<const ROWS_IN_A: usize>(
+    t: [PolynomialRingElement; ROWS_IN_A],
+) -> (
+    [PolynomialRingElement; ROWS_IN_A],
+    [PolynomialRingElement; ROWS_IN_A],
+) {
+    let mut vector_t0 = [PolynomialRingElement::ZERO; ROWS_IN_A];
+    let mut vector_t1 = [PolynomialRingElement::ZERO; ROWS_IN_A];
+
+    for i in 0..ROWS_IN_A {
+        for (j, coefficient) in t[i].coefficients.into_iter().enumerate() {
+            let (c0, c1) = power2round(coefficient);
+
+            vector_t0[i].coefficients[j] = c0;
+            vector_t1[i].coefficients[j] = c1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    (vector_t0, vector_t1)
+}
+
+#[inline(always)]
+pub(crate) fn sample_error_vector<const DIMENSION: usize, const ETA: usize>(
+    mut seed: [u8; 66],
+    domain_separator: &mut u16,
+) -> [PolynomialRingElement; DIMENSION] {
+    let mut error = [PolynomialRingElement::ZERO; DIMENSION];
+    for i in 0..DIMENSION {
+        seed[64] = *domain_separator as u8;
+        seed[65] = (*domain_separator >> 8) as u8;
+        *domain_separator += 1;
+
+        error[i] = sample_error_ring_element_uniform::<ETA>(seed);
+    }
+
+    error
+}
 
 #[allow(non_snake_case)]
 #[inline(always)]
 pub(crate) fn expand_to_A<const ROWS_IN_A: usize, const COLUMNS_IN_A: usize>(
     mut seed: [u8; 34],
-    transposed: bool,
 ) -> [[PolynomialRingElement; COLUMNS_IN_A]; ROWS_IN_A] {
     let mut A = [[PolynomialRingElement::ZERO; COLUMNS_IN_A]; ROWS_IN_A];
 
     for i in 0..ROWS_IN_A {
         for j in 0..COLUMNS_IN_A {
-            seed[32] = i as u8;
-            seed[33] = j as u8;
-
-            let sampled = sample_ring_element_uniform(seed);
+            seed[32] = j as u8;
+            seed[33] = i as u8;
 
-            if transposed {
-                A[j][i] = sampled;
-            } else {
-                A[i][j] = sampled;
-            }
+            A[i][j] = sample_ring_element_uniform(seed);
         }
     }
 
     A
 }
+
+/// Compute InvertNTT(Â ◦ ŝ₁) + s₂
+#[inline(always)]
+#[allow(non_snake_case)]
+pub(crate) fn compute_As1_plus_s2<const ROWS_IN_A: usize, const COLUMNS_IN_A: usize>(
+    A: &[[PolynomialRingElement; COLUMNS_IN_A]; ROWS_IN_A],
+    s1: &[PolynomialRingElement; COLUMNS_IN_A],
+    s2: &[PolynomialRingElement; ROWS_IN_A],
+) -> [PolynomialRingElement; ROWS_IN_A] {
+    let mut result = [PolynomialRingElement::ZERO; ROWS_IN_A];
+
+    for (i, row) in A.iter().enumerate() {
+        for (j, ring_element) in row.iter().enumerate() {
+            let product = ntt_multiply_montgomery(ring_element, &ntt(s1[j]));
+            result[i] = add_to_ring_element(result[i], &product);
+        }
+
+        result[i] = invert_ntt_montgomery(result[i]);
+        result[i] = add_to_ring_element(result[i], &s2[i]);
+    }
+
+    result
+}

libcrux-ml-dsa/src/ml_dsa_44.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+use crate::constants::*;
+
+// ML-DSA-44 parameters
+
+const ROWS_IN_A: usize = 4;
+const COLUMNS_IN_A: usize = 4;
+
+const ETA: usize = 2;
+const TWO_TIMES_ETA_BIT_SIZE: usize = 3; // ⌊log_2(2 * 2)⌋ + 1
+
+const BYTES_FOR_ERROR_RING_ELEMENT: usize =
+    (TWO_TIMES_ETA_BIT_SIZE * COEFFICIENTS_IN_RING_ELEMENT) / 8;
+
+const VERIFICATION_KEY_SIZE: usize = SEED_FOR_A_SIZE
+    + (COEFFICIENTS_IN_RING_ELEMENT
+        * ROWS_IN_A
+        * (FIELD_MODULUS_MINUS_ONE_BIT_LENGTH - BITS_IN_LOWER_PART_OF_T))
+        / 8;
+
+const SIGNING_KEY_SIZE: usize = SEED_FOR_A_SIZE
+    + SEED_FOR_SIGNING_SIZE
+    + BYTES_FOR_VERIFICATION_KEY_HASH
+    + (ROWS_IN_A + COLUMNS_IN_A) * BYTES_FOR_ERROR_RING_ELEMENT
+    + ROWS_IN_A * BYTES_FOR_RING_ELEMENT_OF_T0S;
+
+pub struct MLDSA65KeyPair {
+    pub signing_key: [u8; SIGNING_KEY_SIZE],
+    pub verification_key: [u8; VERIFICATION_KEY_SIZE],
+}
+
+/// Generate an ML-DSA-65 Key Pair
+pub fn generate_key_pair(randomness: [u8; 32]) -> MLDSA65KeyPair {
+    let (signing_key, verification_key) = crate::ml_dsa_generic::generate_key_pair::<
+        ROWS_IN_A,
+        COLUMNS_IN_A,
+        ETA,
+        BYTES_FOR_ERROR_RING_ELEMENT,
+        SIGNING_KEY_SIZE,
+        VERIFICATION_KEY_SIZE,
+    >(randomness);
+
+    MLDSA65KeyPair {
+        signing_key,
+        verification_key,
+    }
+}

libcrux-ml-dsa/src/ml_dsa_65.rs

@@ -6,19 +6,22 @@ const ROWS_IN_A: usize = 6;
 const COLUMNS_IN_A: usize = 5;
 
 const ETA: usize = 4;
-const TWO_TIMES_ETA_BIT_SIZE: usize = 4; // ⌊log_2(4)⌋ + 1
+const TWO_TIMES_ETA_BIT_SIZE: usize = 4; // ⌊log_2(2 * 4)⌋ + 1
+
+const BYTES_FOR_ERROR_RING_ELEMENT: usize =
+    (TWO_TIMES_ETA_BIT_SIZE * COEFFICIENTS_IN_RING_ELEMENT) / 8;
 
 const VERIFICATION_KEY_SIZE: usize = SEED_FOR_A_SIZE
     + (COEFFICIENTS_IN_RING_ELEMENT
         * ROWS_IN_A
         * (FIELD_MODULUS_MINUS_ONE_BIT_LENGTH - BITS_IN_LOWER_PART_OF_T))
         / 8;
 
-const SIGNING_KEY_SIZE: usize = (SEED_FOR_A_SIZE + SEED_FOR_SIGNING_SIZE + HASH_OF_PUBLIC_KEY_SIZE)
-    + (COEFFICIENTS_IN_RING_ELEMENT
-        * (((ROWS_IN_A + COLUMNS_IN_A) * TWO_TIMES_ETA_BIT_SIZE)
-            + (BITS_IN_LOWER_PART_OF_T * ROWS_IN_A)))
-        / 8;
+const SIGNING_KEY_SIZE: usize = SEED_FOR_A_SIZE
+    + SEED_FOR_SIGNING_SIZE
+    + BYTES_FOR_VERIFICATION_KEY_HASH
+    + (ROWS_IN_A + COLUMNS_IN_A) * BYTES_FOR_ERROR_RING_ELEMENT
+    + ROWS_IN_A * BYTES_FOR_RING_ELEMENT_OF_T0S;
 
 pub struct MLDSA65KeyPair {
     pub signing_key: [u8; SIGNING_KEY_SIZE],
@@ -30,6 +33,8 @@ pub fn generate_key_pair(randomness: [u8; 32]) -> MLDSA65KeyPair {
     let (signing_key, verification_key) = crate::ml_dsa_generic::generate_key_pair::<
         ROWS_IN_A,
         COLUMNS_IN_A,
+        ETA,
+        BYTES_FOR_ERROR_RING_ELEMENT,
         SIGNING_KEY_SIZE,
         VERIFICATION_KEY_SIZE,
     >(randomness);

libcrux-ml-dsa/src/ml_dsa_87.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+use crate::constants::*;
+
+// ML-DSA-65 parameters
+
+const ROWS_IN_A: usize = 8;
+const COLUMNS_IN_A: usize = 7;
+
+const ETA: usize = 2;
+const TWO_TIMES_ETA_BIT_SIZE: usize = 3; // ⌊log_2(2 * 2)⌋ + 1
+
+const BYTES_FOR_ERROR_RING_ELEMENT: usize =
+    (TWO_TIMES_ETA_BIT_SIZE * COEFFICIENTS_IN_RING_ELEMENT) / 8;
+
+const VERIFICATION_KEY_SIZE: usize = SEED_FOR_A_SIZE
+    + (COEFFICIENTS_IN_RING_ELEMENT
+        * ROWS_IN_A
+        * (FIELD_MODULUS_MINUS_ONE_BIT_LENGTH - BITS_IN_LOWER_PART_OF_T))
+        / 8;
+
+const SIGNING_KEY_SIZE: usize = SEED_FOR_A_SIZE
+    + SEED_FOR_SIGNING_SIZE
+    + BYTES_FOR_VERIFICATION_KEY_HASH
+    + (ROWS_IN_A + COLUMNS_IN_A) * BYTES_FOR_ERROR_RING_ELEMENT
+    + ROWS_IN_A * BYTES_FOR_RING_ELEMENT_OF_T0S;
+
+pub struct MLDSA65KeyPair {
+    pub signing_key: [u8; SIGNING_KEY_SIZE],
+    pub verification_key: [u8; VERIFICATION_KEY_SIZE],
+}
+
+/// Generate an ML-DSA-65 Key Pair
+pub fn generate_key_pair(randomness: [u8; 32]) -> MLDSA65KeyPair {
+    let (signing_key, verification_key) = crate::ml_dsa_generic::generate_key_pair::<
+        ROWS_IN_A,
+        COLUMNS_IN_A,
+        ETA,
+        BYTES_FOR_ERROR_RING_ELEMENT,
+        SIGNING_KEY_SIZE,
+        VERIFICATION_KEY_SIZE,
+    >(randomness);
+
+    MLDSA65KeyPair {
+        signing_key,
+        verification_key,
+    }
+}