fix: Use docker image to build binary for different platforms

[alphanota]

Fixes: #nnn
Related: Relevant tracking issues, for context
Merge before/after: Dependent or prerequisite PRs

Description
An update to one of the skaffold dependencies introduced a new dependency on the runtime/cgo package, breaking the ability to built skafofld binaries for different platforms with the existing logic.

Although the official golang docker images allow cross-compilation, it doesn't work when cgo is enabled. Although installing the platform-specific is possible with the golang image, I instead opted to use images from the elastic/crossbuild project which maintain docker images specifically designed for cross-compilation.

User facing changes (remove if N/A)

A new depedency on docker when building the skaffold binary for different platforms.

Test
The cross-compilation was tested with a github action running on mac here: #9658
Follow-up Work (remove if N/A)

[code-review-assist]

Hi team,

I'm currently reviewing this pull request and will provide my feedback shortly. In the meantime, here's a summary to help you and other reviewers quickly understand the changes:

This pull request addresses an issue where building Skaffold binaries for different platforms was broken due to a new dependency on the runtime/cgo package in an updated dependency. The previous method of using the official Golang Docker image for cross-compilation failed because cgo was enabled.

To solve this, I've switched to using Docker images from the elastic/golang-crossbuild project, which are specifically designed for cross-compilation with cgo enabled.

Here's a breakdown of the changes:

• Makefile modifications:

  • Added GOVERSION ?= 1.23.4 to specify the Go version (line 14 in Makefile).
  • Replaced the existing cross-compilation logic in the Makefile (lines 93-104) with a new approach using the elastic/golang-crossbuild Docker images (lines 97-126).
  • The new logic dynamically selects the appropriate elastic/golang-crossbuild image based on the target operating system and architecture.
  • The new logic uses docker run to execute the build within a container, ensuring the correct environment and dependencies are available.

• User-facing changes: A new dependency on Docker is introduced when building Skaffold binaries for different platforms.

I'll be checking the build process and testing thoroughly once I'm done with this summary. Let me know if you have any questions in the meantime.

---

And now for a little haiku to lighten the mood:

Cross-compile's woes,
Docker's image brings new hope,
Builds now run so smooth.

[code-review-assist]

This PR addresses a critical issue with cross-compilation introduced by a dependency update. Switching to dedicated cross-compilation images is a good approach. However, there are a few points to address before merging.