version: 0.01 - 2020-02-22
This is a Python library (Python 3 required) for writing 3D models that can be rendered and processed by OpenSCAD.
OpenSCAD is a great tool for rendering a 3D model and generating an stl file from it for 3D printing. The OpenSCAD built-in language is effective for simple projects and I like its functional-programming feeling, but working on more complex projects I missed the general-purpose features of a true programming language. So why not use Python to create OpenSCAD files? Apparently I was not the first with this idea, but I found the existing libraries unsatisfactory, at least to me. (That might say more about me than about those libraries.) So as stubborn programmers do, I created yet another one.
from psml import *
( sphere( radius = 15 ) +
vector( 0, 0, 18 ) ** (
sphere( radius = 10 ) +
rotate( 90, 0, 0 ) ** cylinder( radius = 2, height = 15 ))).write()Sphere and cylinder are 3D solids. Shift is a 3D filter that shifts its subject in the specified (z, y, z) direction. Rotate is a filter that rotates its subject by the specified angles (in degrees, around the x, y and z axes). The ** (Python power operator) applies a filter like shift or rotate to a solid, yielding a modified solid. The + operator combines solids. Finally the write method writes the corresponding OpenSCAD code to the output.scad file. When this file is opened in OpenSCAD, it shows a simple snowman.
The power of a general purpose language, in this case Python's list comprehension and reduce, can be used to create seemingly complex models with just a few lines. (A pity that full rendering of this model takes quite some time!)
from psml import *
from functools import reduce
model = reduce(
lambda a, b: a + b, (
( 25 * vector( x, y )) ** (
sphere( radius = 15 ) +
vector( 0, 0, 30 ) ** sphere( 10 ) +
cylinder( radius = 3, height = 30 )
) for x in range( 1, 10 ) for y in range( 0, x )))
model.write( "output.scad" )
To use psml, arrange for the psml/psml.py file to be importable from your project. In the examples I add its directory to the search path.
import sys
sys.path.append( "../psml" )Feature summary (sphinx documentation):
- basic solids: rectangle, box, circle, cylinder, sphere
- export to OpenSCAD: write()
- operators: + - *
- basic filters: shift, rotate, mirror, extrude
- shift arithmetic
- more filters: repeat2, repeat4, repeat8
- first-class voids: negative, positive
My workflow is
- edit the Python sources
- run it (I prefer the command line)
- have OpenSCAD with the result file open, enable Design => Automatic Reload and Preview.
- when OK, export from OpenSCAD to stl
- I use Cura to do the slicing for our Ultimaker 3 printer
This library is very much work-in-progress. Feedback is welcome, constructive feedback even more.
Similar libraries:
ToDo list
- pdf manual
- test the error handling
- pip installer
- check for long parameter names
- virtual box that can be asked? with wall-thickness?
- split should be an operator
- move project box to work
- https://medium.com/@richdayandnight/a-simple-tutorial-on-how-to-document-your-python-project-using-sphinx-and-rinohtype-177c22a15b5b
- allow negative extrusion? (= extrusion + mirror?)
- make _shape_list a nested class?
- sphinx: vector init, vector operators
- better name for operator / filter -> manipulator
- use minkowski for the rounded box?
- not in library: - rotate_extrude, multimatrix (affine), polyhedron
- could an operator simply be a function with one argument?? -> not one None
- extrude example
- negative, positive example
- dice: handle rounding (shrink text), could be a library element
- cleanup diameter/radius, balanced examples
- allow box( v2, n ) ?
- output image, sumply extra parameters
- recessed option for the screw column
(c) Wouter van Ooijen (wouter.vanooijen@hu.nl) 2020
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file license_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)