The goal of the pyspark-testframework is to provide a simple way to create tests for PySpark DataFrames. The test results are returned in DataFrame format as well.
Let's first create an example pyspark DataFrame
The data will contain the primary keys, street names and house numbers of some addresses.
from pyspark.sql import SparkSession
from pyspark.sql.types import StructType, StructField, IntegerType, StringType
from pyspark.sql import functions as F# Initialize Spark session
spark = SparkSession.builder.appName("PySparkTestFrameworkTutorial").getOrCreate()
# Define the schema
schema = StructType(
[
StructField("id", IntegerType(), True),
StructField("street", StringType(), True),
StructField("house_number", IntegerType(), True),
]
)
# Define the data
data = [
(1, "Rochussenstraat", 27),
(2, "Coolsingel", 31),
(3, "%Witte de Withstraat", 27),
(4, "Lijnbaan", -3),
(5, None, 13),
]
df = spark.createDataFrame(data, schema)
df.show(truncate=False)+---+--------------------+------------+
|id |street |house_number|
+---+--------------------+------------+
|1 |Rochussenstraat |27 |
|2 |Coolsingel |31 |
|3 |%Witte de Withstraat|27 |
|4 |Lijnbaan |-3 |
|5 |null |13 |
+---+--------------------+------------+
Import and initialize the DataFrameTester
from testframework.dataquality import DataFrameTesterdf_tester = DataFrameTester(
df=df,
primary_key="id",
spark=spark,
)Import configurable tests
from testframework.dataquality.tests import ValidNumericRange, RegexTestInitialize the RegexTest to test for valid street names
valid_street_format = RegexTest(
name="ValidStreetFormat",
pattern=r"^[A-Z][a-zéèáàëï]*([ -][A-Z]?[a-zéèáàëï]*)*$",
)Run valid_street_format on the street column using the .test() method of DataFrameTester.
df_tester.test(
col="street",
test=valid_street_format,
nullable=False, # nullable is False, hence null values are converted to False
description="Street is in valid Dutch street format.",
).show(truncate=False)+---+--------------------+-------------------------+
|id |street |street__ValidStreetFormat|
+---+--------------------+-------------------------+
|1 |Rochussenstraat |true |
|2 |Coolsingel |true |
|3 |%Witte de Withstraat|false |
|4 |Lijnbaan |true |
|5 |null |false |
+---+--------------------+-------------------------+
Run the IntegerString test on the number column
By setting the return_failed_rows parameter to True, we can get only the rows that failed the test.
df_tester.test(
col="house_number",
test=ValidNumericRange(
min_value=1,
),
nullable=False,
# description="House number is in a valid format" # optional, let's not define it for illustration purposes
return_failed_rows=True, # only return the failed rows
).show()+---+------------+-------------------------------+
| id|house_number|house_number__ValidNumericRange|
+---+------------+-------------------------------+
| 4| -3| false|
+---+------------+-------------------------------+
Let's take a look at the test results of the DataFrame using the .results attribute.
df_tester.results.show(truncate=False)+---+-------------------------+-------------------------------+
|id |street__ValidStreetFormat|house_number__ValidNumericRange|
+---+-------------------------+-------------------------------+
|1 |true |true |
|2 |true |true |
|3 |false |true |
|4 |true |false |
|5 |false |true |
+---+-------------------------+-------------------------------+
We can use .descriptions or .descriptions_df to get the descriptions of the tests.
This can be useful for reporting purposes. For example to create reports for the business with more detailed information than just the column name and the test name.
df_tester.descriptions{'street__ValidStreetFormat': 'Street is in valid Dutch street format.',
'house_number__ValidNumericRange': 'house_number__ValidNumericRange(min_value=1.0, max_value=inf)'}
df_tester.description_df.show(truncate=False)+-------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
|test |description |
+-------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
|street__ValidStreetFormat |Street is in valid Dutch street format. |
|house_number__ValidNumericRange|house_number__ValidNumericRange(min_value=1.0, max_value=inf)|
+-------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
Sometimes tests are too specific or complex to be covered by the configurable tests. That's why we can create custom tests and add them to the DataFrameTester object.
Let's do this using a custom test which should tests that every house has a bath room. We'll start by creating a new DataFrame with rooms rather than houses.
rooms = [
(1,1, "living room"),
(2,1, "bathroom"),
(3,1, "kitchen"),
(4,1, "bed room"),
(5,2, "living room"),
(6,2, "bed room"),
(7,2, "kitchen"),
]
schema_rooms = StructType(
[ StructField("id", IntegerType(), True),
StructField("house_id", IntegerType(), True),
StructField("room", StringType(), True),
]
)
room_df = spark.createDataFrame(rooms, schema=schema_rooms)
room_df.show(truncate=False)+---+--------+-----------+
|id |house_id|room |
+---+--------+-----------+
|1 |1 |living room|
|2 |1 |bathroom |
|3 |1 |kitchen |
|4 |1 |bed room |
|5 |2 |living room|
|6 |2 |bed room |
|7 |2 |kitchen |
+---+--------+-----------+
To create a custom test, we should create a pyspark DataFrame which contains the same primary_key column as the DataFrame to be tested using the DataFrameTester.
Let's create a boolean column that indicates whether the house has a bath room or not.
house_has_bathroom = room_df.groupBy("house_id").agg(
F.max(F.when(F.col("room") == "bathroom", True).otherwise(False)).alias(
"has_bathroom"
)
)
house_has_bathroom.show(truncate=False)+--------+------------+
|house_id|has_bathroom|
+--------+------------+
|1 |true |
|2 |false |
+--------+------------+
We can add this 'custom test' to the DataFrameTester using add_custom_test_result.
In the background, all kinds of data validation checks are done by DataFrameTester to make sure that it fits the requirements to be added to the other test results.
df_tester.add_custom_test_result(
result=house_has_bathroom.withColumnRenamed("house_id", "id"),
name="has_bathroom",
description="House has a bathroom",
# fillna_value=0, # optional; by default null.
).show(truncate=False)+---+------------+
|id |has_bathroom|
+---+------------+
|1 |true |
|2 |false |
|3 |null |
|4 |null |
|5 |null |
+---+------------+
Despite that the data whether a house has a bath room is not available in the house DataFrame; we can still add the custom test to the DataFrameTester object.
df_tester.results.show(truncate=False)+---+-------------------------+-------------------------------+------------+
|id |street__ValidStreetFormat|house_number__ValidNumericRange|has_bathroom|
+---+-------------------------+-------------------------------+------------+
|1 |true |true |true |
|2 |true |true |false |
|3 |false |true |null |
|4 |true |false |null |
|5 |false |true |null |
+---+-------------------------+-------------------------------+------------+
df_tester.descriptions{'street__ValidStreetFormat': 'Street is in valid Dutch street format.',
'house_number__ValidNumericRange': 'house_number__ValidNumericRange(min_value=1.0, max_value=inf)',
'has_bathroom': 'House has a bathroom'}
We can also get a summary of the test results using the .summary attribute.
df_tester.summary.show(truncate=False)+-------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+-------+--------+-----------------+--------+-----------------+
|test |description |n_tests|n_passed|percentage_passed|n_failed|percentage_failed|
+-------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+-------+--------+-----------------+--------+-----------------+
|street__ValidStreetFormat |Street is in valid Dutch street format. |5 |3 |60.0 |2 |40.0 |
|house_number__ValidNumericRange|house_number__ValidNumericRange(min_value=1.0, max_value=inf)|5 |4 |80.0 |1 |20.0 |
|has_bathroom |House has a bathroom |2 |1 |50.0 |1 |50.0 |
+-------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+-------+--------+-----------------+--------+-----------------+
If you want to see all rows that failed any of the tests, you can use the .failed_tests attribute.
df_tester.failed_tests.show(truncate=False)+---+-------------------------+-------------------------------+------------+
|id |street__ValidStreetFormat|house_number__ValidNumericRange|has_bathroom|
+---+-------------------------+-------------------------------+------------+
|2 |true |true |false |
|3 |false |true |null |
|4 |true |false |null |
|5 |false |true |null |
+---+-------------------------+-------------------------------+------------+
Of course, you can also see all rows that passed all tests using the .passed_tests attribute.
df_tester.passed_tests.show(truncate=False)+---+-------------------------+-------------------------------+------------+
|id |street__ValidStreetFormat|house_number__ValidNumericRange|has_bathroom|
+---+-------------------------+-------------------------------+------------+
|1 |true |true |true |
+---+-------------------------+-------------------------------+------------+