Update to tzdata version 2016e.

https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz-announce/2016-June/000039.html

data/NEWS

@@ -1,5 +1,41 @@
 News for the tz database
 
+Release 2016e - 2016-06-14 08:46:16 -0700
+
+  Changes affecting future time stamps
+
+    Africa/Cairo observes DST in 2016 from July 7 to the end of October.
+    Guess October 27 and 24:00 transitions.  (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.)
+    For future years, guess April's last Thursday to October's last
+    Thursday except for Ramadan.
+
+  Changes affecting past time stamps
+
+    Locations while uninhabited now use '-00', not 'zzz', as a
+    placeholder time zone abbreviation.  This is inspired by Internet
+    RFC 3339 and is more consistent with numeric time zone
+    abbreviations already used elsewhere.  The change affects several
+    arctic and antarctic locations, e.g., America/Cambridge_Bay before
+    1920 and Antarctica/Troll before 2005.
+
+    Asia/Baku's 1992-09-27 transition from +04 (DST) to +04 (non-DST) was
+    at 03:00, not 23:00 the previous day.  (Thanks to Michael Deckers.)
+
+  Changes to code
+
+    zic now outputs a dummy transition at time 2**31 - 1 in zones
+    whose POSIX-style TZ strings contain a '<'.  This mostly works
+    around Qt bug 53071 <https://bugreports.qt.io/browse/QTBUG-53071>.
+    (Thanks to Zhanibek Adilbekov for reporting the Qt bug.)
+
+  Changes affecting documentation and commentary
+
+    tz-link.htm says why governments should give plenty of notice for
+    time zone or DST changes, and refers to Matt Johnson's blog post.
+
+    tz-link.htm mentions Tzdata for Elixir.  (Thanks to Matt Johnson.)
+
+
 Release 2016d - 2016-04-17 22:50:29 -0700
 
   Changes affecting future time stamps

data/SOURCE

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 The files in this directory were obtained from the IANA Time Zone Database
-http://www.iana.org/time-zones, version 2016d.
+http://www.iana.org/time-zones, version 2016e.

data/Theory

@@ -227,9 +227,10 @@ in decreasing order of importance:
 			name identifying each zone and append 'T', 'ST', etc.
 			as before; e.g. 'VLAST' for VLAdivostok Summer Time.
 
-	Use UT (with time zone abbreviation 'zzz') for locations while
-		uninhabited.  The 'zzz' mnemonic is that these locations are,
-		in some sense, asleep.
+	Use UT (with time zone abbreviation '-00') for locations while
+		uninhabited.  The leading '-' is a flag that the time
+		zone is in some sense undefined; this notation is
+		derived from Internet RFC 3339.
 
 Application writers should note that these abbreviations are ambiguous
 in practice: e.g. 'CST' has a different meaning in China than

data/africa

@@ -343,6 +343,45 @@ Rule	Egypt	2007	only	-	Sep	Thu>=1	24:00	0	-
 # decision to abandon DST permanently.  See Ahram Online 2015-04-24.
 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx
 
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29):
+# Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October....
+# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx
+# http://www.nileinternational.net/en/?p=25806
+# ... EgyptAir seems to have assumed DST to start in April (like it previously
+# did in 2010), and therefore this obviously causes problems with the schedules:
+# http://www.egyptair.com/en/about-egyptair/news-and-press/Pages/CANCELLATION%20OF%20DAYLIGHT%20SAVING%20TIME.aspx
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-04-29):
+# For now, guess fall transitions will be October's last Thursday at
+# 24:00 and spring transitions will follow rules used 1995-2010 and be
+# April's last Thursday at 24:00, and guess a switch to standard time at
+# 24:00 the last Thursday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 00:00 the
+# first Friday after Ramadan.  To implement this,
+# transition dates for 2016 through 2068 were determined by running
+# the following program under GNU Emacs 24.5, with the results integrated
+# by hand into the table below.  Ramadan again intrudes on the guessed
+# DST starting in 2069, but that's beyond our somewhat-arbitrary cutoff here.
+# (let ((islamic-year 1437))
+#   (while (< islamic-year 1491)
+#     (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
+#           (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))
+#           (friday 5))
+#       (while (/= friday (mod a 7))
+#         (setq a (1- a)))
+#       (while (/= friday (mod b 7))
+#         (setq b (1+ b)))
+#       (setq a (1- a))
+#       (setq b (1- b))
+#       (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))
+#       (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))
+#       (insert
+#        (format
+#         (concat "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t0\t-\n"
+#                 "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t1:00\tS\n")
+#         (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
+#         (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
+#     (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
+
 Rule	Egypt	2008	only	-	Aug	lastThu	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Egypt	2009	only	-	Aug	20	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Egypt	2010	only	-	Aug	10	24:00	0	-
@@ -352,6 +391,53 @@ Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	May	15	24:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	Jun	26	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	Jul	31	24:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	Sep	lastThu	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2016	only	-	Jul	 7	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2016	2035	-	Oct	lastThu	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2017	2019	-	Apr	lastThu	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2017	only	-	May	25	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2017	only	-	Jun	29	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2018	only	-	May	10	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2018	only	-	Jun	14	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2019	only	-	May	 2	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2019	only	-	Jun	 6	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2020	only	-	May	28	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2021	only	-	May	13	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2022	only	-	May	 5	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2023	2051	-	Apr	lastThu	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2036	only	-	Oct	16	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2037	only	-	Oct	 8	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2038	only	-	Sep	23	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2039	only	-	Sep	15	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2039	only	-	Oct	20	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2039	max	-	Oct	lastThu	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2040	only	-	Sep	 6	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2040	only	-	Oct	11	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2041	only	-	Aug	22	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2041	only	-	Sep	26	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2042	only	-	Aug	14	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2042	only	-	Sep	18	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2043	only	-	Aug	 6	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2043	only	-	Sep	10	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2044	only	-	Jul	21	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2044	only	-	Aug	25	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2045	only	-	Jul	13	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2045	only	-	Aug	17	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2046	only	-	Jun	28	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2046	only	-	Aug	 9	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2047	only	-	Jun	20	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2047	only	-	Jul	25	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2048	only	-	Jun	11	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2048	only	-	Jul	16	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2049	only	-	May	27	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2049	only	-	Jul	 1	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2050	only	-	May	19	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2050	only	-	Jun	23	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2051	only	-	May	11	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2051	only	-	Jun	15	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2052	only	-	May	30	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2053	only	-	May	22	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2054	only	-	May	14	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2055	max	-	Apr	lastThu	24:00	1:00	S
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Cairo	2:05:09 -	LMT	1900 Oct
@@ -858,11 +944,11 @@ Rule	Morocco	2009	only	-	Aug	21	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2010	only	-	May	 2	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	2010	only	-	Aug	 8	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2011	only	-	Apr	 3	 0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2011	only	-	Jul	31	 0	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2011	only	-	Jul	31	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2012	2013	-	Apr	lastSun	 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Sep	30	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Jul	20	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Aug	20	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Sep	30	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2013	only	-	Jul	 7	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2013	only	-	Aug	10	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	2013	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 3:00	0	-

data/antarctica

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 #
 # Except for the French entries,
 # I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome!
-# FORMAT is 'zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
+# FORMAT is '-00' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
 
 # Argentina - year-round bases
 # Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05
@@ -67,22 +67,22 @@
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/Casey	0	-	zzz	1969
+Zone Antarctica/Casey	0	-	-00	1969
 			8:00	-	AWST	2009 Oct 18  2:00
 						# Australian Western Std Time
 			11:00	-	CAST	2010 Mar  5  2:00  # Casey Time
 			8:00	-	AWST	2011 Oct 28  2:00
 			11:00	-	CAST	2012 Feb 21 17:00u
 			8:00	-	AWST
-Zone Antarctica/Davis	0	-	zzz	1957 Jan 13
+Zone Antarctica/Davis	0	-	-00	1957 Jan 13
 			7:00	-	DAVT	1964 Nov    # Davis Time
-			0	-	zzz	1969 Feb
+			0	-	-00	1969 Feb
 			7:00	-	DAVT	2009 Oct 18  2:00
 			5:00	-	DAVT	2010 Mar 10 20:00u
 			7:00	-	DAVT	2011 Oct 28  2:00
 			5:00	-	DAVT	2012 Feb 21 20:00u
 			7:00	-	DAVT
-Zone Antarctica/Mawson	0	-	zzz	1954 Feb 13
+Zone Antarctica/Mawson	0	-	-00	1954 Feb 13
 			6:00	-	MAWT	2009 Oct 18  2:00 # Mawson Time
 			5:00	-	MAWT
 # References:
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ Zone Antarctica/Mawson	0	-	zzz	1954 Feb 13
 #	fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Kerguelen	0	-	zzz	1950 # Port-aux-Français
+Zone Indian/Kerguelen	0	-	-00	1950 # Port-aux-Français
 			5:00	-	TFT	# ISO code TF Time
 #
 # year-round base in the main continent
@@ -148,9 +148,9 @@ Zone Indian/Kerguelen	0	-	zzz	1950 # Port-aux-Français
 # It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 -	zzz	1947
+Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 -	-00	1947
 			10:00	-	PMT	1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time
-			0	-	zzz	1956 Nov
+			0	-	-00	1956 Nov
 			10:00	-	DDUT	# Dumont-d'Urville Time
 
 # France & Italy - year-round base
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 -	zzz	1947
 # was established on 1957-01-29.  Since Syowa station is still the main
 # station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/Syowa	0	-	zzz	1957 Jan 29
+Zone Antarctica/Syowa	0	-	-00	1957 Jan 29
 			3:00	-	SYOT	# Syowa Time
 # See:
 # NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ Rule	Troll	2005	max	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00u	2:00	CEST
 # Remove the following line when uncommenting the above '#Rule' lines.
 Rule	Troll	2004	max	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00u	0:00	UTC
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/Troll	0	-	zzz	2005 Feb 12
+Zone Antarctica/Troll	0	-	-00	2005 Feb 12
 			0:00	Troll	%s
 
 # Poland - year-round base
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ Zone Antarctica/Troll	0	-	zzz	2005 Feb 12
 # happened to be during their visit.  So we still don't really know what time
 # it is at Vostok.  But we'll guess UTC+6.
 #
-Zone Antarctica/Vostok	0	-	zzz	1957 Dec 16
+Zone Antarctica/Vostok	0	-	-00	1957 Dec 16
 			6:00	-	VOST	# Vostok time
 
 # S Africa - year-round bases
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ Zone Antarctica/Vostok	0	-	zzz	1957 Dec 16
 # <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/Rothera	0	-	zzz	1976 Dec  1
+Zone Antarctica/Rothera	0	-	-00	1976 Dec  1
 			-3:00	-	ROTT	# Rothera time
 
 # Uruguay - year round base

data/asia

@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Baku	3:19:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			3:00	-	BAKT	1957 Mar    # Baku Time
 			4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			3:00	1:00	BAKST	1991 Aug 30 # independence
-			3:00 RussiaAsia	AZ%sT	1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
+			3:00 RussiaAsia	AZ%sT	1992 Sep lastSun  2:00s
 			4:00	-	AZT	1996     # Azerbaijan Time
 			4:00	EUAsia	AZ%sT	1997
 			4:00	Azer	AZ%sT

data/australasia

@@ -243,11 +243,11 @@ Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 # will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type;
 # this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by
 # pre-2013 versions of localtime.
-Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0	-	zzz	1899 Nov
+Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0	-	-00	1899 Nov
 			10:00	-	AEST	1916 Oct  1  2:00
 			10:00	1:00	AEDT	1917 Feb
 			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1919 Apr  1  0:00s
-			0	-	zzz	1948 Mar 25
+			0	-	-00	1948 Mar 25
 			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1967
 			10:00	AT	AE%sT	2010 Apr  4  3:00
 			11:00	-	MIST	# Macquarie I Standard Time

data/backzone

@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ Zone America/Tortola	-4:18:28 -	LMT	1911 Jul # Road Town
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12
-Zone Antarctica/McMurdo	0	-	zzz	1956
+Zone Antarctica/McMurdo	0	-	-00	1956
 			12:00	NZ	NZ%sT
 Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole
 

data/europe

@@ -2771,6 +2771,9 @@ Zone Asia/Novosibirsk	 5:31:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 14  6:00
 # approved by the Federation Council on 2016-04-20, signed by the President and
 # published as a law around 2016-04-26.
 
+# From Matt Johnson (2016-04-26):
+# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604260048
+
 Zone	Asia/Tomsk	 5:39:51 -	LMT	1919 Dec 22
 			 6:00	-	+06	1930 Jun 21
 			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1991 Mar 31  2:00s

data/northamerica

@@ -2191,39 +2191,39 @@ Rule	NT_YK	1980	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	NT_YK	1987	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # aka Panniqtuuq
-Zone America/Pangnirtung 0	-	zzz	1921 # trading post est.
+Zone America/Pangnirtung 0	-	-00	1921 # trading post est.
 			-4:00	NT_YK	A%sT	1995 Apr Sun>=1  2:00
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1999 Oct 31  2:00
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2000 Oct 29  2:00
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
 # formerly Frobisher Bay
-Zone America/Iqaluit	0	-	zzz	1942 Aug # Frobisher Bay est.
+Zone America/Iqaluit	0	-	-00	1942 Aug # Frobisher Bay est.
 			-5:00	NT_YK	E%sT	1999 Oct 31  2:00
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2000 Oct 29  2:00
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
 # aka Qausuittuq
-Zone America/Resolute	0	-	zzz	1947 Aug 31 # Resolute founded
+Zone America/Resolute	0	-	-00	1947 Aug 31 # Resolute founded
 			-6:00	NT_YK	C%sT	2000 Oct 29  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	2001 Apr  1  3:00
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2006 Oct 29  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	2007 Mar 11  3:00
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT
 # aka Kangiqiniq
-Zone America/Rankin_Inlet 0	-	zzz	1957 # Rankin Inlet founded
+Zone America/Rankin_Inlet 0	-	-00	1957 # Rankin Inlet founded
 			-6:00	NT_YK	C%sT	2000 Oct 29  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	2001 Apr  1  3:00
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT
 # aka Iqaluktuuttiaq
-Zone America/Cambridge_Bay 0	-	zzz	1920 # trading post est.?
+Zone America/Cambridge_Bay 0	-	-00	1920 # trading post est.?
 			-7:00	NT_YK	M%sT	1999 Oct 31  2:00
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2000 Oct 29  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	2000 Nov  5  0:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	2001 Apr  1  3:00
 			-7:00	Canada	M%sT
-Zone America/Yellowknife 0	-	zzz	1935 # Yellowknife founded?
+Zone America/Yellowknife 0	-	-00	1935 # Yellowknife founded?
 			-7:00	NT_YK	M%sT	1980
 			-7:00	Canada	M%sT
-Zone America/Inuvik	0	-	zzz	1953 # Inuvik founded
+Zone America/Inuvik	0	-	-00	1953 # Inuvik founded
 			-8:00	NT_YK	P%sT	1979 Apr lastSun  2:00
 			-7:00	NT_YK	M%sT	1980
 			-7:00	Canada	M%sT

data/southamerica

@@ -1309,7 +1309,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Easter	-7:17:28 -	LMT	1890
 # Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/Palmer	0	-	zzz	1965
+Zone Antarctica/Palmer	0	-	-00	1965
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1982 May
 			-4:00	Chile	CL%sT
@@ -1759,16 +1759,16 @@ Zone America/Montevideo	-3:44:44 -	LMT	1898 Jun 28
 # https://actualidad.rt.com/actualidad/204758-venezuela-modificar-huso-horario-sequia-elnino
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-04-15):
-# Clocks advance 30 minutes on 2016-05-01 at 02:30. See:
-# Barboza AD. Huso horario en Venezuela volverá a 4 horas menos con
-# respecto al "Greenwich". Panorama 2016-04-15 12:20 -0430.
-# http://www.panorama.com.ve/ciudad/Huso-horario-en-Venezuela-volvera-a-4-horas-menos-con-respecto-al-Greenwich-20160415-0032.html
-#
+# Clocks advance 30 minutes on 2016-05-01 at 02:30....
 # "'Venezuela's new time-zone: hours without light, hours without water,
-# hours of presidential broadcasts, hours of lines," quipped comedian
-# Jean Mary Curro ...". See: Cawthorne A, Kai D. Venezuela scraps
+# hours of presidential broadcasts, hours of lines,' quipped comedian
+# Jean Mary Curró ...". See: Cawthorne A, Kai D. Venezuela scraps
 # half-hour time difference set by Chavez. Reuters 2016-04-15 14:50 -0400
 # http://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-timezone-idUSKCN0XC2BE
+#
+# From Matt Johnson (2016-04-20):
+# ... published in the official Gazette [2016-04-18], here:
+# http://historico.tsj.gob.ve/gaceta_ext/abril/1842016/E-1842016-4551.pdf
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Caracas	-4:27:44 -	LMT	1890