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| <!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><title>Shadowsocks - Advanced</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,maximum-scale=1"><meta name="description" content=""><meta name="author" content=""><link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/css/app.css"><!--[if lt IE 9]><script src="/assets/js/html5.js"></script><![endif]--><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/assets/img/favicon/favicon.ico"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/assets/img/favicon/apple-touch-icon.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="/assets/img/favicon/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="/assets/img/favicon/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"></head><body><div id="wrap" class="boxed"><header><div class="container clearfix"><div class="four columns"><div class="logo"><a href="/en/index.html">shadowsocks</a></div></div><div class="twelve columns"><nav id="menu" class="navigation"><ul id="nav"><li><a href="javascript:void" class="">download</a><ul><li><a href="/en/download/clients.html">Clients</a></li><li><a href="/en/download/servers.html">Servers</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="javascript:void" class="active">config</a><ul><li><a href="/en/config/quick-guide.html">Quick Guide</a></li><li><a href="/en/config/advanced.html">Advanced</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="javascript:void" class="">spec</a><ul><li><a href="/en/spec/protocol.html">Protocol</a></li><li><a href="/en/spec/cipher.html">Cipher</a></li><li><a href="/en/spec/one-time-auth.html">One Time Auth</a></li><li><a href="/en/spec/AEAD.html">AEAD</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="javascript:void" class="">about</a><ul><li><a href="/en/about/contributors.html">Contributors</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="javascript:void">en</a><ul><li><a href="/en/index.html">en</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><div class="sixteen columns"><hr></div></div></header><div class="container clearfix"><div class="sixteen columns"><h1 class="page-title">Advanced<a href="https://github.com/madeye/shadowsocks-org/edit/master/docs/config/02-advanced.md" data-tooltip="Edit this page on GitHub" class="edit"><i class="icon-edit"></i></a><span class="line"></span></h1></div><div class="page-columns"><div id="markdown" class="sixteen columns bottom"><h2>Optimize the shadowsocks server on Linux</h2><p>First of all, upgrade your Linux kernel to 3.5 or later.</p><h3>Step 1, increase the maximum number of open file descriptors</h3><p>To handle thousands of concurrent TCP connections, we should increase the limit of file descriptors opened.</p><p>Edit the <code>limits.conf</code></p><pre><code class="language-bash">vi /etc/security/limits.conf</code></pre><p>Add these two lines</p><pre><code><span class="hljs-bullet">* </span>soft nofile 51200 | ||
| <span class="hljs-bullet">* </span>hard nofile 51200</code></pre><p>Then, before you start the shadowsocks server, set the ulimit first</p><pre><code class="language-bash"><span class="hljs-built_in">ulimit</span> -n 51200</code></pre><h3>Step 2, Tune the kernel parameters</h3><p>The priciples of tuning parameters for shadowsocks are</p><ol><li>Reuse ports and conections as soon as possible.</li><li>Enlarge the queues and buffers as large as possible.</li><li>Choose the TCP congestion algorithm for large latency and high throughput.</li></ol><p>Here is an example <code>/etc/sysctl.conf</code> of our production servers:</p><pre><code>fs<span class="hljs-selector-class">.file-max</span> = <span class="hljs-number">51200</span> | ||
| <!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><title>Shadowsocks - Advanced</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,maximum-scale=1"><meta name="description" content=""><meta name="author" content=""><link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/css/app.css"><!--[if lt IE 9]><script src="/assets/js/html5.js"></script><![endif]--><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/assets/img/favicon/favicon.ico"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/assets/img/favicon/apple-touch-icon.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="/assets/img/favicon/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="/assets/img/favicon/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"></head><body><div id="wrap" class="boxed"><header><div class="container clearfix"><div class="four columns"><div class="logo"><a href="/en/index.html">shadowsocks</a></div></div><div class="twelve columns"><nav id="menu" class="navigation"><ul id="nav"><li><a href="javascript:void" class="">download</a><ul><li><a href="/en/download/clients.html">Clients</a></li><li><a href="/en/download/servers.html">Servers</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="javascript:void" class="active">config</a><ul><li><a href="/en/config/quick-guide.html">Quick Guide</a></li><li><a href="/en/config/advanced.html">Advanced</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="javascript:void" class="">spec</a><ul><li><a href="/en/spec/protocol.html">Protocol</a></li><li><a href="/en/spec/cipher.html">Cipher</a></li><li><a href="/en/spec/one-time-auth.html">One Time Auth</a></li><li><a href="/en/spec/AEAD.html">AEAD</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="javascript:void" class="">about</a><ul><li><a href="/en/about/contributors.html">Contributors</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="javascript:void">en</a><ul><li><a href="/en/index.html">en</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><div class="sixteen columns"><hr></div></div></header><div class="container clearfix"><div class="sixteen columns"><h1 class="page-title">Advanced<a href="https://github.com/madeye/shadowsocks-org/edit/master/docs/config/02-advanced.md" data-tooltip="Edit this page on GitHub" class="edit"><i class="icon-edit"></i></a><span class="line"></span></h1></div><div class="page-columns"><div id="markdown" class="sixteen columns bottom"><h2>Optimize the shadowsocks server on Linux</h2><p>First of all, upgrade your Linux kernel to 3.5 or later.</p><h3>Step 1, increase the maximum number of open file descriptors</h3><p>To handle thousands of concurrent TCP connections, we should increase the limit of file descriptors opened.</p><p>Edit the <code>limits.conf</code></p><pre><code class="language-bash">vi /etc/security/limits.conf</code></pre><p>Add these two lines</p><pre><code><span class="bullet">* </span>soft nofile 51200 | ||
| <span class="bullet">* </span>hard nofile 51200</code></pre><p>Then, before you start the shadowsocks server, set the ulimit first</p><pre><code class="language-bash">ulimit -n <span class="number">51200</span></code></pre><h3>Step 2, Tune the kernel parameters</h3><p>The priciples of tuning parameters for shadowsocks are</p><ol><li>Reuse ports and conections as soon as possible.</li><li>Enlarge the queues and buffers as large as possible.</li><li>Choose the TCP congestion algorithm for large latency and high throughput.</li></ol><p>Here is an example <code>/etc/sysctl.conf</code> of our production servers:</p><pre><code>fs<span class="preprocessor">.file</span>-max = <span class="number">51200</span> | ||
|
|
||
| net<span class="hljs-selector-class">.core</span><span class="hljs-selector-class">.rmem_max</span> = <span class="hljs-number">67108864</span> | ||
| net<span class="hljs-selector-class">.core</span><span class="hljs-selector-class">.wmem_max</span> = <span class="hljs-number">67108864</span> | ||
| net<span class="hljs-selector-class">.core</span><span class="hljs-selector-class">.netdev_max_backlog</span> = <span class="hljs-number">250000</span> | ||
| net<span class="hljs-selector-class">.core</span><span class="hljs-selector-class">.somaxconn</span> = <span class="hljs-number">4096</span> | ||
| net<span class="preprocessor">.core</span><span class="preprocessor">.rmem</span>_max = <span class="number">67108864</span> | ||
| net<span class="preprocessor">.core</span><span class="preprocessor">.wmem</span>_max = <span class="number">67108864</span> | ||
| net<span class="preprocessor">.core</span><span class="preprocessor">.netdev</span>_max_backlog = <span class="number">250000</span> | ||
| net<span class="preprocessor">.core</span><span class="preprocessor">.somaxconn</span> = <span class="number">4096</span> | ||
|
|
||
| net<span class="hljs-selector-class">.ipv4</span><span class="hljs-selector-class">.tcp_syncookies</span> = <span class="hljs-number">1</span> | ||
| net<span class="hljs-selector-class">.ipv4</span><span class="hljs-selector-class">.tcp_tw_reuse</span> = <span class="hljs-number">1</span> | ||
| net<span class="hljs-selector-class">.ipv4</span><span class="hljs-selector-class">.tcp_tw_recycle</span> = <span class="hljs-number">0</span> | ||
| net<span class="hljs-selector-class">.ipv4</span><span class="hljs-selector-class">.tcp_fin_timeout</span> = <span class="hljs-number">30</span> | ||
| net<span class="hljs-selector-class">.ipv4</span><span class="hljs-selector-class">.tcp_keepalive_time</span> = <span class="hljs-number">1200</span> | ||
| net<span class="hljs-selector-class">.ipv4</span><span class="hljs-selector-class">.ip_local_port_range</span> = <span class="hljs-number">10000</span> <span class="hljs-number">65000</span> | ||
| net<span class="hljs-selector-class">.ipv4</span><span class="hljs-selector-class">.tcp_max_syn_backlog</span> = <span class="hljs-number">8192</span> | ||
| net<span class="hljs-selector-class">.ipv4</span><span class="hljs-selector-class">.tcp_max_tw_buckets</span> = <span class="hljs-number">5000</span> | ||
| net<span class="hljs-selector-class">.ipv4</span><span class="hljs-selector-class">.tcp_fastopen</span> = <span class="hljs-number">3</span> | ||
| net<span class="hljs-selector-class">.ipv4</span><span class="hljs-selector-class">.tcp_mem</span> = <span class="hljs-number">25600</span> <span class="hljs-number">51200</span> <span class="hljs-number">102400</span> | ||
| net<span class="hljs-selector-class">.ipv4</span><span class="hljs-selector-class">.tcp_rmem</span> = <span class="hljs-number">4096</span> <span class="hljs-number">87380</span> <span class="hljs-number">67108864</span> | ||
| net<span class="hljs-selector-class">.ipv4</span><span class="hljs-selector-class">.tcp_wmem</span> = <span class="hljs-number">4096</span> <span class="hljs-number">65536</span> <span class="hljs-number">67108864</span> | ||
| net<span class="hljs-selector-class">.ipv4</span><span class="hljs-selector-class">.tcp_mtu_probing</span> = <span class="hljs-number">1</span> | ||
| net<span class="hljs-selector-class">.ipv4</span><span class="hljs-selector-class">.tcp_congestion_control</span> = hybla</code></pre><p>Of course, remember to execute <code>sysctl -p</code> to reload the config at runtime.</p><h3>How to verify your optimizations work</h3><p>Use munin or any server monitor tools to generate the graph of your TCP connections. A well tuned server should look like this</p><p><img src="http://ww4.sinaimg.cn/large/61b416b1gw1e9jmyps9vpj20dt0b4wg7.jpg" alt="one month munin TCP graph" width="" height=""></p></div></div></div><div class="push"></div></div><footer><div class="container"><div class="sisteen columns"><span class="copyright"><a href="https://github.com/shadowsocks">Projects of Shadowsocks</a> are distributed under different licenses, including <a href="https://github.com/shadowsocks/shadowsocks/blob/master/LICENSE">APL 2.0,</a> <a href="https://github.com/shadowsocks/shadowsocks-libev/blob/master/LICENSE">GPLv3</a> and <a href="https://github.com/shadowsocks/libQtShadowsocks/blob/master/LICENSE">LGPLv3</a>. Theme by <a href="http://karma-runner.github.io">Karma</a>.</span></div></div></footer></body><script src="/assets/js/app.js"></script><script src="/assets/js/analytics.js"></script></html> | ||
| net<span class="preprocessor">.ipv</span>4<span class="preprocessor">.tcp</span>_syncookies = <span class="number">1</span> | ||
| net<span class="preprocessor">.ipv</span>4<span class="preprocessor">.tcp</span>_tw_reuse = <span class="number">1</span> | ||
| net<span class="preprocessor">.ipv</span>4<span class="preprocessor">.tcp</span>_tw_recycle = <span class="number">0</span> | ||
| net<span class="preprocessor">.ipv</span>4<span class="preprocessor">.tcp</span>_fin_timeout = <span class="number">30</span> | ||
| net<span class="preprocessor">.ipv</span>4<span class="preprocessor">.tcp</span>_keepalive_time = <span class="number">1200</span> | ||
| net<span class="preprocessor">.ipv</span>4<span class="preprocessor">.ip</span>_local_port_range = <span class="number">10000</span> <span class="number">65000</span> | ||
| net<span class="preprocessor">.ipv</span>4<span class="preprocessor">.tcp</span>_max_syn_backlog = <span class="number">8192</span> | ||
| net<span class="preprocessor">.ipv</span>4<span class="preprocessor">.tcp</span>_max_tw_buckets = <span class="number">5000</span> | ||
| net<span class="preprocessor">.ipv</span>4<span class="preprocessor">.tcp</span>_fastopen = <span class="number">3</span> | ||
| net<span class="preprocessor">.ipv</span>4<span class="preprocessor">.tcp</span>_mem = <span class="number">25600</span> <span class="number">51200</span> <span class="number">102400</span> | ||
| net<span class="preprocessor">.ipv</span>4<span class="preprocessor">.tcp</span>_rmem = <span class="number">4096</span> <span class="number">87380</span> <span class="number">67108864</span> | ||
| net<span class="preprocessor">.ipv</span>4<span class="preprocessor">.tcp</span>_wmem = <span class="number">4096</span> <span class="number">65536</span> <span class="number">67108864</span> | ||
| net<span class="preprocessor">.ipv</span>4<span class="preprocessor">.tcp</span>_mtu_probing = <span class="number">1</span> | ||
| net<span class="preprocessor">.ipv</span>4<span class="preprocessor">.tcp</span>_congestion_control = hybla</code></pre><p>Of course, remember to execute <code>sysctl -p</code> to reload the config at runtime.</p><h3>How to verify your optimizations work</h3><p>Use munin or any server monitor tools to generate the graph of your TCP connections. A well tuned server should look like this</p><p><img src="http://ww4.sinaimg.cn/large/61b416b1gw1e9jmyps9vpj20dt0b4wg7.jpg" alt="one month munin TCP graph" width="" height=""></p></div></div></div><div class="push"></div></div><footer><div class="container"><div class="sisteen columns"><span class="copyright"><a href="https://github.com/shadowsocks">Projects of Shadowsocks</a> are distributed under different licenses, including <a href="https://github.com/shadowsocks/shadowsocks/blob/master/LICENSE">APL 2.0,</a> <a href="https://github.com/shadowsocks/shadowsocks-libev/blob/master/LICENSE">GPLv3</a> and <a href="https://github.com/shadowsocks/libQtShadowsocks/blob/master/LICENSE">LGPLv3</a>. Theme by <a href="http://karma-runner.github.io">Karma</a>.</span></div></div></footer></body><script src="/assets/js/app.js"></script><script src="/assets/js/analytics.js"></script></html> |
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