Merge branch 'main' into tk90tests

.github/CODEOWNERS

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@
 
 # Build system
 configure*                    @erlend-aasland @corona10
+Makefile.pre.in               @erlend-aasland
+Modules/Setup*                @erlend-aasland
 
 # asyncio
 **/*asyncio*                  @1st1 @asvetlov @gvanrossum @kumaraditya303 @willingc
@@ -40,7 +42,7 @@ Python/bytecodes.c            @markshannon
 Python/optimizer*.c           @markshannon
 Python/optimizer_analysis.c   @Fidget-Spinner
 Python/optimizer_bytecodes.c  @Fidget-Spinner
-Python/symtable.c             @JelleZijlstra @carljm 
+Python/symtable.c             @JelleZijlstra @carljm
 Lib/_pyrepl/*                 @pablogsal @lysnikolaou @ambv
 Lib/test/test_patma.py        @brandtbucher
 Lib/test/test_type_*.py       @JelleZijlstra
@@ -199,7 +201,6 @@ Doc/c-api/stable.rst          @encukou
 **/*itertools*                @rhettinger
 **/*collections*              @rhettinger
 **/*random*                   @rhettinger
-**/*queue*                    @rhettinger
 **/*bisect*                   @rhettinger
 **/*heapq*                    @rhettinger
 **/*functools*                @rhettinger
@@ -210,6 +211,7 @@ Doc/c-api/stable.rst          @encukou
 **/*ensurepip*                @pfmoore @pradyunsg
 
 **/*idlelib*                  @terryjreedy
+/Doc/library/idle.rst         @terryjreedy
 
 **/*typing*                   @JelleZijlstra @AlexWaygood
 
@@ -245,7 +247,7 @@ Doc/howto/clinic.rst          @erlend-aasland
 **/*interpreteridobject.*     @ericsnowcurrently
 **/*crossinterp*              @ericsnowcurrently
 Lib/test/support/interpreters/  @ericsnowcurrently
-Modules/_xx*interp*module.c   @ericsnowcurrently
+Modules/_interp*module.c      @ericsnowcurrently
 Lib/test/test_interpreters/   @ericsnowcurrently
 
 # Android

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ jobs:
             # into the PR branch anyway.
             #
             # https://github.com/python/core-workflow/issues/373
-            git diff --name-only origin/$GITHUB_BASE_REF.. | grep -qvE '(\.rst$|^Doc|^Misc|^\.pre-commit-config\.yaml$|\.ruff\.toml$)' && echo "run_tests=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT || true
+            git diff --name-only origin/$GITHUB_BASE_REF.. | grep -qvE '(\.rst$|^Doc|^Misc|^\.pre-commit-config\.yaml$|\.ruff\.toml$|\.md$|mypy\.ini$)' && echo "run_tests=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT || true
           fi
 
           # Check if we should run hypothesis tests

Doc/c-api/init.rst

@@ -55,6 +55,11 @@ The following functions can be safely called before Python is initialized:
   * :c:func:`PyMem_RawCalloc`
   * :c:func:`PyMem_RawFree`
 
+* Synchronization:
+
+  * :c:func:`PyMutex_Lock`
+  * :c:func:`PyMutex_Unlock`
+
 .. note::
 
    The following functions **should not be called** before
@@ -2152,3 +2157,41 @@ be used in new code.
 .. c:function:: void PyThread_delete_key_value(int key)
 .. c:function:: void PyThread_ReInitTLS()
 
+Synchronization Primitives
+==========================
+
+The C-API provides a basic mutual exclusion lock.
+
+.. c:type:: PyMutex
+
+   A mutual exclusion lock.  The :c:type:`!PyMutex` should be initialized to
+   zero to represent the unlocked state.  For example::
+
+      PyMutex mutex = {0};
+
+   Instances of :c:type:`!PyMutex` should not be copied or moved.  Both the
+   contents and address of a :c:type:`!PyMutex` are meaningful, and it must
+   remain at a fixed, writable location in memory.
+
+   .. note::
+
+      A :c:type:`!PyMutex` currently occupies one byte, but the size should be
+      considered unstable.  The size may change in future Python releases
+      without a deprecation period.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.13
+
+.. c:function:: void PyMutex_Lock(PyMutex *m)
+
+   Lock mutex *m*.  If another thread has already locked it, the calling
+   thread will block until the mutex is unlocked.  While blocked, the thread
+   will temporarily release the :term:`GIL` if it is held.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.13
+
+.. c:function:: void PyMutex_Unlock(PyMutex *m)
+
+   Unlock mutex *m*. The mutex must be locked --- otherwise, the function will
+   issue a fatal error.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.13

Doc/c-api/typeobj.rst

@@ -1328,8 +1328,8 @@ and :c:data:`PyType_Type` effectively act as defaults.)
       To indicate that a class has changed call :c:func:`PyType_Modified`
 
       .. warning::
-         This flag is present in header files, but is an internal feature and should
-         not be used. It will be removed in a future version of CPython
+         This flag is present in header files, but is not be used.
+         It will be removed in a future version of CPython
 
 
 .. c:member:: const char* PyTypeObject.tp_doc

Doc/c-api/unicode.rst

@@ -1502,3 +1502,87 @@ They all return ``NULL`` or ``-1`` if an exception occurs.
    :c:func:`PyUnicode_InternInPlace`, returning either a new Unicode string
    object that has been interned, or a new ("owned") reference to an earlier
    interned string object with the same value.
+
+PyUnicodeWriter
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+The :c:type:`PyUnicodeWriter` API can be used to create a Python :class:`str`
+object.
+
+.. versionadded:: 3.14
+
+.. c:type:: PyUnicodeWriter
+
+   A Unicode writer instance.
+
+   The instance must be destroyed by :c:func:`PyUnicodeWriter_Finish` on
+   success, or :c:func:`PyUnicodeWriter_Discard` on error.
+
+.. c:function:: PyUnicodeWriter* PyUnicodeWriter_Create(Py_ssize_t length)
+
+   Create a Unicode writer instance.
+
+   Set an exception and return ``NULL`` on error.
+
+.. c:function:: PyObject* PyUnicodeWriter_Finish(PyUnicodeWriter *writer)
+
+   Return the final Python :class:`str` object and destroy the writer instance.
+
+   Set an exception and return ``NULL`` on error.
+
+.. c:function:: void PyUnicodeWriter_Discard(PyUnicodeWriter *writer)
+
+   Discard the internal Unicode buffer and destroy the writer instance.
+
+.. c:function:: int PyUnicodeWriter_WriteChar(PyUnicodeWriter *writer, Py_UCS4 ch)
+
+   Write the single Unicode character *ch* into *writer*.
+
+   On success, return ``0``.
+   On error, set an exception, leave the writer unchanged, and return ``-1``.
+
+.. c:function:: int PyUnicodeWriter_WriteUTF8(PyUnicodeWriter *writer, const char *str, Py_ssize_t size)
+
+   Decode the string *str* from UTF-8 in strict mode and write the output into *writer*.
+
+   *size* is the string length in bytes. If *size* is equal to ``-1``, call
+   ``strlen(str)`` to get the string length.
+
+   On success, return ``0``.
+   On error, set an exception, leave the writer unchanged, and return ``-1``.
+
+   To use a different error handler than ``strict``,
+   :c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8` can be used with
+   :c:func:`PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr`.
+
+.. c:function:: int PyUnicodeWriter_WriteStr(PyUnicodeWriter *writer, PyObject *obj)
+
+   Call :c:func:`PyObject_Str` on *obj* and write the output into *writer*.
+
+   On success, return ``0``.
+   On error, set an exception, leave the writer unchanged, and return ``-1``.
+
+.. c:function:: int PyUnicodeWriter_WriteRepr(PyUnicodeWriter *writer, PyObject *obj)
+
+   Call :c:func:`PyObject_Repr` on *obj* and write the output into *writer*.
+
+   On success, return ``0``.
+   On error, set an exception, leave the writer unchanged, and return ``-1``.
+
+.. c:function:: int PyUnicodeWriter_WriteSubstring(PyUnicodeWriter *writer, PyObject *str, Py_ssize_t start, Py_ssize_t end)
+
+   Write the substring ``str[start:end]`` into *writer*.
+
+   *str* must be Python :class:`str` object. *start* must be greater than or
+   equal to 0, and less than or equal to *end*. *end* must be less than or
+   equal to *str* length.
+
+   On success, return ``0``.
+   On error, set an exception, leave the writer unchanged, and return ``-1``.
+
+.. c:function:: int PyUnicodeWriter_Format(PyUnicodeWriter *writer, const char *format, ...)
+
+   Similar to :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormat`, but write the output directly into *writer*.
+
+   On success, return ``0``.
+   On error, set an exception, leave the writer unchanged, and return ``-1``.

Doc/c-api/weakref.rst

@@ -96,3 +96,19 @@ as much as it can.
    This iterates through the weak references for *object* and calls callbacks
    for those references which have one. It returns when all callbacks have
    been attempted.
+
+
+.. c:function:: void PyUnstable_Object_ClearWeakRefsNoCallbacks(PyObject *object)
+
+   Clears the weakrefs for *object* without calling the callbacks.
+
+   This function is called by the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc` handler
+   for types with finalizers (i.e., :meth:`~object.__del__`).  The handler for
+   those objects first calls :c:func:`PyObject_ClearWeakRefs` to clear weakrefs
+   and call their callbacks, then the finalizer, and finally this function to
+   clear any weakrefs that may have been created by the finalizer.
+
+   In most circumstances, it's more appropriate to use
+   :c:func:`PyObject_ClearWeakRefs` to clear weakrefs instead of this function.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.13

Doc/glossary.rst

@@ -694,6 +694,9 @@ Glossary
 
          CPython does not consistently apply the requirement that an iterator
          define :meth:`~iterator.__iter__`.
+         And also please note that the free-threading CPython does not guarantee
+         the thread-safety of iterator operations.
+
 
    key function
       A key function or collation function is a callable that returns a value

Doc/howto/descriptor.rst

@@ -787,7 +787,7 @@ Invocation from super
 ---------------------
 
 The logic for super's dotted lookup is in the :meth:`__getattribute__` method for
-object returned by :class:`super()`.
+object returned by :func:`super`.
 
 A dotted lookup such as ``super(A, obj).m`` searches ``obj.__class__.__mro__``
 for the base class ``B`` immediately following ``A`` and then returns

Doc/howto/enum.rst

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+.. _enum-howto:
+
 ==========
 Enum HOWTO
 ==========
@@ -1150,6 +1152,14 @@ the following are true:
     >>> (Color.RED | Color.GREEN).name
     'RED|GREEN'
 
+    >>> class Perm(IntFlag):
+    ...     R = 4
+    ...     W = 2
+    ...     X = 1
+    ...
+    >>> (Perm.R & Perm.W).name is None  # effectively Perm(0)
+    True
+
 - multi-bit flags, aka aliases, can be returned from operations::
 
     >>> Color.RED | Color.BLUE