Various edits of developer guide

[kwankyu]

Mostly small edits and

• updated sections on testing facilities
• added how to go back exited container.
• moved the section "Testing GitHub Actions locally" to an appropriate place.

📝 Checklist

• The title is concise, informative, and self-explanatory.
• The description explains in detail what this PR is about.
• I have linked a relevant issue or discussion.
• I have created tests covering the changes.
• I have updated the documentation accordingly.

⌛ Dependencies

[kwankyu]

@mkoeppe

I created this PR draft since I experienced a certain failure in following "Testing on Multiple Platforms" of the developer guide, while testing #36915 . Precisely I followed the guide in the section "Testing on multiple platforms using Docker", and created a docker container with "fedora:latest" image:

docker run -it --mount type=bind,source=$(pwd),target=/sage fedora:latest

but during "make -j4", I got lots of errors like

...
[python3-3.11.1] cp: preserving permissions for '/sage/local/var/lib/sage/venv-python3.11.1/./include/python3.11/weakrefobject.h': No data available
[python3-3.11.1] cp: preserving permissions for '/sage/local/var/lib/sage/venv-python3.11.1/./include/python3.11/pyconfig.h': No data available
[python3-3.11.1] cp: preserving permissions for '/sage/local/var/lib/sage/venv-python3.11.1/./share/man/man1/python3.11.1': No data available
[python3-3.11.1] ************************************************************************
[python3-3.11.1] Error moving files for python3-3.11.1.
[python3-3.11.1] ************************************************************************
[python3-3.11.1] Please email sage-devel (http://groups.google.com/group/sage-devel)
[python3-3.11.1] explaining the problem and including the log files
[python3-3.11.1]   /sage/logs/pkgs/python3-3.11.1.log
[python3-3.11.1] and
[python3-3.11.1]   /sage/config.log
[python3-3.11.1] Describe your computer, operating system, etc.
[python3-3.11.1] ************************************************************************
make[4]: *** [Makefile:3387: python3-SAGE_VENV-no-deps] Error 1
make[3]: *** [Makefile:3387: /sage/local/var/lib/sage/venv-python3.11.1/var/lib/sage/installed/python3-3.11.1] Error 2
make[2]: *** [Makefile:3017: all-start] Error 2
make[2]: Leaving directory '/sage/build/make'

real	5m43.508s
user	12m47.083s
sys	3m4.712s
***************************************************************
Error building Sage.

The following package(s) may have failed to build (not necessarily
during this run of 'make all-start'):

* package:         gap-4.12.2
  last build time: Jan 30 06:42
  log file:        /sage/logs/pkgs/gap-4.12.2.log
  build directory: /sage/local/var/tmp/sage/build/gap-4.12.2

* package:         ecm-7.0.5
  last build time: Jan 31 05:58
  log file:        /sage/logs/pkgs/ecm-7.0.5.log
  build directory: /sage/local/var/tmp/sage/build/ecm-7.0.5

* package:         givaro-4.1.1
  last build time: Jan 31 05:58
  log file:        /sage/logs/pkgs/givaro-4.1.1.log
  build directory: /sage/local/var/tmp/sage/build/givaro-4.1.1

* package:         eclib-20231212
  last build time: Jan 31 06:00
  log file:        /sage/logs/pkgs/eclib-20231212.log
  build directory: /sage/local/var/tmp/sage/build/eclib-20231212

* package:         python3-3.11.1
  last build time: Jan 31 06:02
  log file:        /sage/logs/pkgs/python3-3.11.1.log

It is safe to delete any log files and build directories, but they
contain information that is helpful for debugging build problems.
WARNING: If you now run 'make' again, the build directory of the
same version of the package will, by default, be deleted. Set the
environment variable SAGE_KEEP_BUILT_SPKGS=yes to prevent this.

make[1]: *** [Makefile:40: all-start] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory '/sage'
make: *** [Makefile:13: all] Error 2

Hence I suspect that there is something wrong in the guide. By the way, there is no problem in building sage in a container with no --mount type=bind,source=$(pwd),target=/sage (of course, in this case, I created /sage directory as a sage git repository).

Do you know what is wrong (where to edit) in the guide?

I am using Docker Desktop 4.26.1 on mac.

[mkoeppe]

As far as I can see, the command is correct as is; compare with https://docs.docker.com/storage/bind-mounts/#start-a-container-with-a-bind-mount

Try if you see the same problem with a different Docker image.
(I can't try it right now.)

[kwankyu]

Right. There's no problem with ubuntu and archlinux images. Thus it seems a fedora problem...

[kwankyu]

Another question: are we still running sage buildbots? If no, the section on "sage buildbots" could be removed.

[mkoeppe]

Another question: are we still running sage buildbots?

"We" are, as in, Volker runs them as part of what he's doing.

[github-actions]

Documentation preview for this PR (built with commit 311911e; changes) is ready! 🎉