Rollup merge of #136863 - lcnr:treat-as-rigid, r=compiler-errors

rework rigid alias handling

Necessary for #136824 if we treat coinductive cycles as errors as we otherwise don't emit an error for

```rust
trait Overflow {
    type Assoc;
}
impl<T> Overflow for T {
    type Assoc = <T as Overflow>::Assoc;
}
```

The important part is that we only add a `RigidAlias` candidate in cases where the alias is actually supposed to be rigid:
- its trait bound has been proven via a `ParamEnv` or `ItemBound` candidate
- it's one of the special builtin traits which have a blanket impl with a `default` assoc type

This means that we now more explicitly control which aliases should rigid to avoid accidentally accepting cyclic aliases. This requires changes to diagnostics as we no longer enter an explicit `RigidAlias` candidate for `NormalizesTo` goals whose trait bound doesn't hold.

To fix this I've modified the `BestObligation` visitor always ignore `RigidAlias` candidates and to instead manually check these requirements if there are no applicable candidates. I also removed the hack for handling `structurally_normalize_ty` failures. This fixes #134905 as we no longer continue to use the `EvalCtxt` even though a nested goal failed.

r? ``@compiler-errors``

compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/assembly/mod.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ use derive_where::derive_where;
 use rustc_type_ir::fold::TypeFoldable;
 use rustc_type_ir::inherent::*;
 use rustc_type_ir::lang_items::TraitSolverLangItem;
-use rustc_type_ir::solve::inspect;
 use rustc_type_ir::visit::TypeVisitableExt as _;
 use rustc_type_ir::{self as ty, Interner, TypingMode, Upcast as _, elaborate};
 use tracing::{debug, instrument};
@@ -297,25 +296,6 @@ where
         let Ok(normalized_self_ty) =
             self.structurally_normalize_ty(goal.param_env, goal.predicate.self_ty())
         else {
-            // FIXME: We register a fake candidate when normalization fails so that
-            // we can point at the reason for *why*. I'm tempted to say that this
-            // is the wrong way to do this, though.
-            let result =
-                self.probe(|&result| inspect::ProbeKind::RigidAlias { result }).enter(|this| {
-                    let normalized_ty = this.next_ty_infer();
-                    let alias_relate_goal = Goal::new(
-                        this.cx(),
-                        goal.param_env,
-                        ty::PredicateKind::AliasRelate(
-                            goal.predicate.self_ty().into(),
-                            normalized_ty.into(),
-                            ty::AliasRelationDirection::Equate,
-                        ),
-                    );
-                    this.add_goal(GoalSource::AliasWellFormed, alias_relate_goal);
-                    this.evaluate_added_goals_and_make_canonical_response(Certainty::AMBIGUOUS)
-                });
-            assert_eq!(result, Err(NoSolution));
             return vec![];
         };
 
@@ -797,11 +777,12 @@ where
     /// treat the alias as rigid.
     ///
     /// See trait-system-refactor-initiative#124 for more details.
-    #[instrument(level = "debug", skip(self), ret)]
+    #[instrument(level = "debug", skip(self, inject_normalize_to_rigid_candidate), ret)]
     pub(super) fn merge_candidates(
         &mut self,
         proven_via: Option<TraitGoalProvenVia>,
         candidates: Vec<Candidate<I>>,
+        inject_normalize_to_rigid_candidate: impl FnOnce(&mut EvalCtxt<'_, D>) -> QueryResult<I>,
     ) -> QueryResult<I> {
         let Some(proven_via) = proven_via else {
             // We don't care about overflow. If proving the trait goal overflowed, then
@@ -818,13 +799,27 @@ where
             // FIXME(const_trait_impl): should this behavior also be used by
             // constness checking. Doing so is *at least theoretically* breaking,
             // see github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/133044#issuecomment-2500709754
-            TraitGoalProvenVia::ParamEnv | TraitGoalProvenVia::AliasBound => candidates
-                .iter()
-                .filter(|c| {
-                    matches!(c.source, CandidateSource::AliasBound | CandidateSource::ParamEnv(_))
-                })
-                .map(|c| c.result)
-                .collect(),
+            TraitGoalProvenVia::ParamEnv | TraitGoalProvenVia::AliasBound => {
+                let mut candidates_from_env: Vec<_> = candidates
+                    .iter()
+                    .filter(|c| {
+                        matches!(
+                            c.source,
+                            CandidateSource::AliasBound | CandidateSource::ParamEnv(_)
+                        )
+                    })
+                    .map(|c| c.result)
+                    .collect();
+
+                // If the trait goal has been proven by using the environment, we want to treat
+                // aliases as rigid if there are no applicable projection bounds in the environment.
+                if candidates_from_env.is_empty() {
+                    if let Ok(response) = inject_normalize_to_rigid_candidate(self) {
+                        candidates_from_env.push(response);
+                    }
+                }
+                candidates_from_env
+            }
             TraitGoalProvenVia::Misc => candidates.iter().map(|c| c.result).collect(),
         };
 

compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/effect_goals.rs

@@ -405,6 +405,6 @@ where
                 goal.with(ecx.cx(), goal.predicate.trait_ref);
             ecx.compute_trait_goal(trait_goal)
         })?;
-        self.merge_candidates(proven_via, candidates)
+        self.merge_candidates(proven_via, candidates, |_ecx| Err(NoSolution))
     }
 }

compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/normalizes_to/mod.rs

@@ -30,75 +30,26 @@ where
     ) -> QueryResult<I> {
         self.set_is_normalizes_to_goal();
         debug_assert!(self.term_is_fully_unconstrained(goal));
-        let normalize_result = self
-            .probe(|&result| ProbeKind::TryNormalizeNonRigid { result })
-            .enter(|this| this.normalize_at_least_one_step(goal));
-
-        match normalize_result {
-            Ok(res) => Ok(res),
-            Err(NoSolution) => {
-                self.probe(|&result| ProbeKind::RigidAlias { result }).enter(|this| {
-                    let Goal { param_env, predicate: NormalizesTo { alias, term } } = goal;
-                    this.add_rigid_constraints(param_env, alias)?;
-                    this.relate_rigid_alias_non_alias(param_env, alias, ty::Invariant, term)?;
-                    this.evaluate_added_goals_and_make_canonical_response(Certainty::Yes)
-                })
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Register any obligations that are used to validate that an alias should be
-    /// treated as rigid.
-    ///
-    /// An alias may be considered rigid if it fails normalization, but we also don't
-    /// want to consider aliases that are not well-formed to be rigid simply because
-    /// they fail normalization.
-    ///
-    /// For example, some `<T as Trait>::Assoc` where `T: Trait` does not hold, or an
-    /// opaque type whose hidden type doesn't actually satisfy the opaque item bounds.
-    fn add_rigid_constraints(
-        &mut self,
-        param_env: I::ParamEnv,
-        rigid_alias: ty::AliasTerm<I>,
-    ) -> Result<(), NoSolution> {
-        let cx = self.cx();
-        match rigid_alias.kind(cx) {
-            // Projections are rigid only if their trait ref holds,
-            // and the GAT where-clauses hold.
-            ty::AliasTermKind::ProjectionTy | ty::AliasTermKind::ProjectionConst => {
-                let trait_ref = rigid_alias.trait_ref(cx);
-                self.add_goal(GoalSource::AliasWellFormed, Goal::new(cx, param_env, trait_ref));
-                Ok(())
-            }
-            ty::AliasTermKind::OpaqueTy => {
-                if self.opaque_type_is_rigid(rigid_alias.def_id) {
-                    Ok(())
-                } else {
-                    Err(NoSolution)
-                }
-            }
-            // FIXME(generic_const_exprs): we would need to support generic consts here
-            ty::AliasTermKind::UnevaluatedConst => Err(NoSolution),
-            // Inherent and weak types are never rigid. This type must not be well-formed.
-            ty::AliasTermKind::WeakTy | ty::AliasTermKind::InherentTy => Err(NoSolution),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Normalize the given alias by at least one step. If the alias is rigid, this
-    /// returns `NoSolution`.
-    #[instrument(level = "trace", skip(self), ret)]
-    fn normalize_at_least_one_step(&mut self, goal: Goal<I, NormalizesTo<I>>) -> QueryResult<I> {
         let cx = self.cx();
         match goal.predicate.alias.kind(cx) {
             ty::AliasTermKind::ProjectionTy | ty::AliasTermKind::ProjectionConst => {
                 let candidates = self.assemble_and_evaluate_candidates(goal);
+                let trait_ref = goal.predicate.alias.trait_ref(cx);
                 let (_, proven_via) =
                     self.probe(|_| ProbeKind::ShadowedEnvProbing).enter(|ecx| {
-                        let trait_goal: Goal<I, ty::TraitPredicate<I>> =
-                            goal.with(cx, goal.predicate.alias.trait_ref(cx));
+                        let trait_goal: Goal<I, ty::TraitPredicate<I>> = goal.with(cx, trait_ref);
                         ecx.compute_trait_goal(trait_goal)
                     })?;
-                self.merge_candidates(proven_via, candidates)
+                self.merge_candidates(proven_via, candidates, |ecx| {
+                    ecx.probe(|&result| ProbeKind::RigidAlias { result }).enter(|this| {
+                        this.structurally_instantiate_normalizes_to_term(
+                            goal,
+                            goal.predicate.alias,
+                        );
+                        this.add_goal(GoalSource::AliasWellFormed, goal.with(cx, trait_ref));
+                        this.evaluate_added_goals_and_make_canonical_response(Certainty::Yes)
+                    })
+                })
             }
             ty::AliasTermKind::InherentTy => self.normalize_inherent_associated_type(goal),
             ty::AliasTermKind::OpaqueTy => self.normalize_opaque_type(goal),
@@ -120,6 +71,17 @@ where
         self.eq(goal.param_env, goal.predicate.term, term)
             .expect("expected goal term to be fully unconstrained");
     }
+
+    /// Unlike `instantiate_normalizes_to_term` this instantiates the expected term
+    /// with a rigid alias. Using this is pretty much always wrong.
+    pub fn structurally_instantiate_normalizes_to_term(
+        &mut self,
+        goal: Goal<I, NormalizesTo<I>>,
+        term: ty::AliasTerm<I>,
+    ) {
+        self.relate_rigid_alias_non_alias(goal.param_env, term, ty::Invariant, goal.predicate.term)
+            .expect("expected goal term to be fully unconstrained");
+    }
 }
 
 impl<D, I> assembly::GoalKind<D> for NormalizesTo<I>
@@ -576,80 +538,92 @@ where
         let cx = ecx.cx();
         let metadata_def_id = cx.require_lang_item(TraitSolverLangItem::Metadata);
         assert_eq!(metadata_def_id, goal.predicate.def_id());
-        ecx.probe_builtin_trait_candidate(BuiltinImplSource::Misc).enter(|ecx| {
-            let metadata_ty = match goal.predicate.self_ty().kind() {
-                ty::Bool
-                | ty::Char
-                | ty::Int(..)
-                | ty::Uint(..)
-                | ty::Float(..)
-                | ty::Array(..)
-                | ty::Pat(..)
-                | ty::RawPtr(..)
-                | ty::Ref(..)
-                | ty::FnDef(..)
-                | ty::FnPtr(..)
-                | ty::Closure(..)
-                | ty::CoroutineClosure(..)
-                | ty::Infer(ty::IntVar(..) | ty::FloatVar(..))
-                | ty::Coroutine(..)
-                | ty::CoroutineWitness(..)
-                | ty::Never
-                | ty::Foreign(..)
-                | ty::Dynamic(_, _, ty::DynStar) => Ty::new_unit(cx),
-
-                ty::Error(e) => Ty::new_error(cx, e),
-
-                ty::Str | ty::Slice(_) => Ty::new_usize(cx),
-
-                ty::Dynamic(_, _, ty::Dyn) => {
-                    let dyn_metadata = cx.require_lang_item(TraitSolverLangItem::DynMetadata);
-                    cx.type_of(dyn_metadata)
-                        .instantiate(cx, &[I::GenericArg::from(goal.predicate.self_ty())])
-                }
+        let metadata_ty = match goal.predicate.self_ty().kind() {
+            ty::Bool
+            | ty::Char
+            | ty::Int(..)
+            | ty::Uint(..)
+            | ty::Float(..)
+            | ty::Array(..)
+            | ty::Pat(..)
+            | ty::RawPtr(..)
+            | ty::Ref(..)
+            | ty::FnDef(..)
+            | ty::FnPtr(..)
+            | ty::Closure(..)
+            | ty::CoroutineClosure(..)
+            | ty::Infer(ty::IntVar(..) | ty::FloatVar(..))
+            | ty::Coroutine(..)
+            | ty::CoroutineWitness(..)
+            | ty::Never
+            | ty::Foreign(..)
+            | ty::Dynamic(_, _, ty::DynStar) => Ty::new_unit(cx),
 
-                ty::Alias(_, _) | ty::Param(_) | ty::Placeholder(..) => {
-                    // This is the "fallback impl" for type parameters, unnormalizable projections
-                    // and opaque types: If the `self_ty` is `Sized`, then the metadata is `()`.
-                    // FIXME(ptr_metadata): This impl overlaps with the other impls and shouldn't
-                    // exist. Instead, `Pointee<Metadata = ()>` should be a supertrait of `Sized`.
-                    let sized_predicate = ty::TraitRef::new(
-                        cx,
-                        cx.require_lang_item(TraitSolverLangItem::Sized),
-                        [I::GenericArg::from(goal.predicate.self_ty())],
-                    );
-                    // FIXME(-Znext-solver=coinductive): Should this be `GoalSource::ImplWhereBound`?
-                    ecx.add_goal(GoalSource::Misc, goal.with(cx, sized_predicate));
-                    Ty::new_unit(cx)
-                }
+            ty::Error(e) => Ty::new_error(cx, e),
 
-                ty::Adt(def, args) if def.is_struct() => match def.struct_tail_ty(cx) {
-                    None => Ty::new_unit(cx),
-                    Some(tail_ty) => {
-                        Ty::new_projection(cx, metadata_def_id, [tail_ty.instantiate(cx, args)])
-                    }
-                },
-                ty::Adt(_, _) => Ty::new_unit(cx),
+            ty::Str | ty::Slice(_) => Ty::new_usize(cx),
 
-                ty::Tuple(elements) => match elements.last() {
-                    None => Ty::new_unit(cx),
-                    Some(tail_ty) => Ty::new_projection(cx, metadata_def_id, [tail_ty]),
-                },
+            ty::Dynamic(_, _, ty::Dyn) => {
+                let dyn_metadata = cx.require_lang_item(TraitSolverLangItem::DynMetadata);
+                cx.type_of(dyn_metadata)
+                    .instantiate(cx, &[I::GenericArg::from(goal.predicate.self_ty())])
+            }
+
+            ty::Alias(_, _) | ty::Param(_) | ty::Placeholder(..) => {
+                // This is the "fallback impl" for type parameters, unnormalizable projections
+                // and opaque types: If the `self_ty` is `Sized`, then the metadata is `()`.
+                // FIXME(ptr_metadata): This impl overlaps with the other impls and shouldn't
+                // exist. Instead, `Pointee<Metadata = ()>` should be a supertrait of `Sized`.
+                let alias_bound_result =
+                    ecx.probe_builtin_trait_candidate(BuiltinImplSource::Misc).enter(|ecx| {
+                        let sized_predicate = ty::TraitRef::new(
+                            cx,
+                            cx.require_lang_item(TraitSolverLangItem::Sized),
+                            [I::GenericArg::from(goal.predicate.self_ty())],
+                        );
+                        ecx.add_goal(GoalSource::Misc, goal.with(cx, sized_predicate));
+                        ecx.instantiate_normalizes_to_term(goal, Ty::new_unit(cx).into());
+                        ecx.evaluate_added_goals_and_make_canonical_response(Certainty::Yes)
+                    });
+                // In case the dummy alias-bound candidate does not apply, we instead treat this projection
+                // as rigid.
+                return alias_bound_result.or_else(|NoSolution| {
+                    ecx.probe_builtin_trait_candidate(BuiltinImplSource::Misc).enter(|this| {
+                        this.structurally_instantiate_normalizes_to_term(
+                            goal,
+                            goal.predicate.alias,
+                        );
+                        this.evaluate_added_goals_and_make_canonical_response(Certainty::Yes)
+                    })
+                });
+            }
 
-                ty::UnsafeBinder(_) => {
-                    // FIXME(unsafe_binder): Figure out how to handle pointee for unsafe binders.
-                    todo!()
+            ty::Adt(def, args) if def.is_struct() => match def.struct_tail_ty(cx) {
+                None => Ty::new_unit(cx),
+                Some(tail_ty) => {
+                    Ty::new_projection(cx, metadata_def_id, [tail_ty.instantiate(cx, args)])
                 }
+            },
+            ty::Adt(_, _) => Ty::new_unit(cx),
 
-                ty::Infer(
-                    ty::TyVar(_) | ty::FreshTy(_) | ty::FreshIntTy(_) | ty::FreshFloatTy(_),
-                )
-                | ty::Bound(..) => panic!(
-                    "unexpected self ty `{:?}` when normalizing `<T as Pointee>::Metadata`",
-                    goal.predicate.self_ty()
-                ),
-            };
+            ty::Tuple(elements) => match elements.last() {
+                None => Ty::new_unit(cx),
+                Some(tail_ty) => Ty::new_projection(cx, metadata_def_id, [tail_ty]),
+            },
 
+            ty::UnsafeBinder(_) => {
+                // FIXME(unsafe_binder): Figure out how to handle pointee for unsafe binders.
+                todo!()
+            }
+
+            ty::Infer(ty::TyVar(_) | ty::FreshTy(_) | ty::FreshIntTy(_) | ty::FreshFloatTy(_))
+            | ty::Bound(..) => panic!(
+                "unexpected self ty `{:?}` when normalizing `<T as Pointee>::Metadata`",
+                goal.predicate.self_ty()
+            ),
+        };
+
+        ecx.probe_builtin_trait_candidate(BuiltinImplSource::Misc).enter(|ecx| {
             ecx.instantiate_normalizes_to_term(goal, metadata_ty.into());
             ecx.evaluate_added_goals_and_make_canonical_response(Certainty::Yes)
         })
@@ -850,12 +824,14 @@ where
                 todo!("discr subgoal...")
             }
 
-            // We do not call `Ty::discriminant_ty` on alias, param, or placeholder
-            // types, which return `<self_ty as DiscriminantKind>::Discriminant`
-            // (or ICE in the case of placeholders). Projecting a type to itself
-            // is never really productive.
+            // Given an alias, parameter, or placeholder we add an impl candidate normalizing to a rigid
+            // alias. In case there's a where-bound further constraining this alias it is preferred over
+            // this impl candidate anyways. It's still a bit scuffed.
             ty::Alias(_, _) | ty::Param(_) | ty::Placeholder(..) => {
-                return Err(NoSolution);
+                return ecx.probe_builtin_trait_candidate(BuiltinImplSource::Misc).enter(|ecx| {
+                    ecx.structurally_instantiate_normalizes_to_term(goal, goal.predicate.alias);
+                    ecx.evaluate_added_goals_and_make_canonical_response(Certainty::Yes)
+                });
             }
 
             ty::Infer(ty::TyVar(_) | ty::FreshTy(_) | ty::FreshIntTy(_) | ty::FreshFloatTy(_))
@@ -902,12 +878,14 @@ where
                 todo!()
             }
 
-            // We do not call `Ty::async_destructor_ty` on alias, param, or placeholder
-            // types, which return `<self_ty as AsyncDestruct>::AsyncDestructor`
-            // (or ICE in the case of placeholders). Projecting a type to itself
-            // is never really productive.
+            // Given an alias, parameter, or placeholder we add an impl candidate normalizing to a rigid
+            // alias. In case there's a where-bound further constraining this alias it is preferred over
+            // this impl candidate anyways. It's still a bit scuffed.
             ty::Alias(_, _) | ty::Param(_) | ty::Placeholder(..) => {
-                return Err(NoSolution);
+                return ecx.probe_builtin_trait_candidate(BuiltinImplSource::Misc).enter(|ecx| {
+                    ecx.structurally_instantiate_normalizes_to_term(goal, goal.predicate.alias);
+                    ecx.evaluate_added_goals_and_make_canonical_response(Certainty::Yes)
+                });
             }
 
             ty::Infer(ty::TyVar(_) | ty::FreshTy(_) | ty::FreshIntTy(_) | ty::FreshFloatTy(_))