gh-108580: Structure for importlib metadata idents

Doc/library/importlib.metadata.rst

@@ -206,6 +206,16 @@ all the metadata in a JSON-compatible form per :PEP:`566`::
     >>> wheel_metadata.json['requires_python']
     '>=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*'
 
+The attributes ``authors`` and ``maintainers`` unify and provide minimal
+parsing for the respective core metadata fields ("Author", "Author-email")
+and ("Maintainer", "Maintainer-email")::
+
+    >>> wheel_metadata.authors
+    [Ident(name='Daniel Holth', email='dholth@fastmail.fm')]
+
+    >>> wheel_metadata.maintainers
+    [Ident(name='Alex Grönholm', email='alex.gronholm@nextday.fi')]
+
 .. note::
 
     The actual type of the object returned by ``metadata()`` is an
@@ -220,6 +230,9 @@ all the metadata in a JSON-compatible form per :PEP:`566`::
 .. versionadded:: 3.10
    The ``json`` attribute was added.
 
+.. versionadded:: 3.13
+   The ``authors`` and ``maintainers`` attributes were added.
+
 
 .. _version:
 

Lib/importlib/metadata/__init__.py

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 from ._functools import method_cache, pass_none
 from ._itertools import always_iterable, unique_everseen
 from ._meta import PackageMetadata, SimplePath
+from ._adapters import Ident
 
 from contextlib import suppress
 from importlib import import_module
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@
 __all__ = [
     'Distribution',
     'DistributionFinder',
+    'Ident',
     'PackageMetadata',
     'PackageNotFoundError',
     'distribution',

Lib/importlib/metadata/_adapters.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 import re
 import textwrap
 import email.message
+import dataclasses
 
 from ._text import FoldedCase
 
@@ -15,6 +16,232 @@
     stacklevel=2,
 )
 
+# The formatting of the identity fields ("Author", "Maintainer", "Author-email"
+# and "Maintainer-email") in the core metadata specification and related
+# 'pyproject.toml' specification is inspired by RFC5233 but not precisely
+# defined. In practice conflicting definitions are used by many packages and
+# even examples from the specification. For a permissive parser the key
+# takeaway from RFC5233 is that special characters such as "," and "@" must be
+# quoted when used as text.
+
+
+def _entries_findall(string):
+    """
+    Return a list of entries given an RFC5233-inspired string. Entries are
+    separated by ", " and contents of quoted strings are ignored. Each
+    entry will be a non-empty string.
+
+    >>> _entries_findall('a, b ,  c, "d, e, f"')
+    ['a', 'b ', ' c', '"d, e, f"']
+
+    >>> _entries_findall('a')
+    ['a']
+
+    >>> _entries_findall('')
+    []
+
+    >>> _entries_findall(", ")
+    []
+    """
+
+    # Split an RFC5233-ish list:
+    # 1. Require a list separator, or beginning-of-string.
+    # 2. Alt 1: match single or double quotes and handle escape characters.
+    # 3. Alt 2: match anything except ',' followed by a space. If quote
+    #    characters are unbalanced, they will be matched here.
+    # 4. Match the alternatives at least once, in any order...
+    # 5. ... and capture them.
+    # Result:
+    #   group 1 (list entry): None or non-empty string.
+    _entries = re.compile(
+        r"""
+        (?: (?<=,\ ) | (?<=^) )                 # 1
+        ( (?: (["']) (?:(?!\2|\\).|\\.)* \2     # 2
+          |   (?!,\ ).                          # 3
+          )+                                    # 4
+        )                                       # 5
+        """,
+        re.VERBOSE,
+    )
+
+    return [entry[0] for entry in _entries.findall(string)]
+
+
+def _name_email_split(string):
+    """
+    Split an RFC5233-inspired entry into a name and email address tuple. Each
+    component will be either None or a non-empty string. Split the form "name
+    local@domain" on the first unquoted "@" such that:
+
+    * local may not be empty and may not contain any unquoted spaces
+    * domain may not be empty
+    * spaces between name and address are consumed
+    * space between name and address is optional if name ends in "@"
+    * first opening "<" of local is consumed only if local remains non-empty
+    * last closing ">" of domain is consumed only if domain remains non-empty
+
+    >>> _name_email_split("name local@domain")
+    ('name', 'local@domain')
+
+    >>> _name_email_split('@"unlocal@undomain" @    <loc"al@dom\\'ain')
+    ('@"unlocal@undomain" @', 'loc"al@dom\\'ain')
+
+    >>> _name_email_split('@@ local@domain')
+    ('@@', 'local@domain')
+
+    >>> _name_email_split('@nameonly@')
+    ('@nameonly@', None)
+
+    >>> _name_email_split('@domain@ ')
+    ('@', 'domain@ ')
+
+    >>> _name_email_split('   domain@only')
+    (None, 'domain@only')
+
+    >>> _name_email_split('   ')
+    ('   ', None)
+
+    >>> _name_email_split('')
+    (None, None)
+    """
+
+    # Split an RFC5233-inspired name-address entry:
+    # 01. Start at the beginning.
+    # 02. Capture at least one name component, but optionally so the result
+    #     will be 'None' rather than an empty string.
+    # 03. Stop matching against name components if the lookahead matches an
+    #     address. An address can be preceded by spaces, which are optional if
+    #     the name is missing.
+    # 04. Simulate a possessive quantifier for Python < 3.11 given the
+    #     equivalence between "(...)++" and "(?=( (...)+ ))\1". The contained
+    #     alternatives are not exclusive and the possessive quantifier prevents
+    #     the second alternative from stealing quoted components during
+    #     backtracking.
+    # 05. Alt 1.1: Match single-quoted or double-quoted components and handle
+    #     escape characters.
+    # 06. Alt 1.2: Match any character except the local component delimiters
+    #     " " or "@". If quote characters are unbalanced, they will be matched
+    #     here.
+    # 07. Match the alternatives at least once - the local part of the address
+    #     cannot be empty.
+    # 08. (See 04)
+    # 09. Match "@" followed by something - the domain cannot be empty either.
+    # 10. (See 03)
+    # 11. Alt 2.1: Match a quoted component...
+    # 12. Alt 2.2: ... or match a single character.
+    # ...
+    # 14. (See 02)
+    # 15. (See 02)
+    # 16. If the name portion is missing or ends with an "@", there may or may
+    #     not be whitespace before the address. The opening angle bracket is
+    #     always optional.
+    # ...
+    # 20. Match everything after "@" with a non-greedy quantifier to allow for
+    #     the optional closing angle bracket.
+    # 21. Allow for no address component.
+    # 22. Match the optional closing angle bracket.
+    # 23. Finish at the end.
+    # Summary:
+    #   ^ ( ( not: space* (quote | not:space-or-at)++ @ anything
+    #         quote | anything
+    #       )+
+    #     )?
+    #   space* <? ( (quote | not:space-or-at)+ @ anything+? )? >? $
+    # Result:
+    #   group 1 (name):  None or non-empty string.
+    #   group 5 (email): None or non-empty string.
+    _name_email = re.compile(
+        r"""
+        ^                                                       # 01
+          ( (?:                                                 # 02
+                (?! \ *                                         # 03
+                    (?=(                                        # 04
+                       (?: (["']) (?:(?!\3|\\).|\\.)* \3        # 05
+                       |   [^ @]                                # 06
+                       )+                                       # 07
+                    ))\2                                        # 08
+                    @ .                                         # 09
+                )                                               # 10
+                (?: (["']) (?:(?!\4|\\).|\\.)* \4               # 11
+                |   .                                           # 12
+                )                                               # 13
+            )+                                                  # 14
+          )?                                                    # 15
+          \ * <?                                                # 16
+          ( (?: (["']) (?:(?!\6|\\).|\\.)* \6                   # 17
+            |   [^ @]                                           # 18
+            )+                                                  # 19
+            @ .+?                                               # 20
+          )?                                                    # 21
+          >?                                                    # 22
+        $                                                       # 23
+        """,
+        re.VERBOSE,
+    )
+
+    # Equivalent, simpler, version using possessive quantifiers, for
+    # Python >= 3.11.
+    # _name_email = re.compile(
+    #     r"""
+    #     ^ ( (?: (?! \ *
+    #                 (?: (["']) (?:(?!\2|\\).|\\.)* \2
+    #                 |   [^ @]
+    #                 )++
+    #                 @ .
+    #             )
+    #             (?: (["']) (?:(?!\3|\\).|\\.)* \3
+    #             |   .
+    #             )
+    #         )+
+    #       )?
+    #       \ * <?
+    #       ( (?: (["']) (?:(?!\5|\\).|\\.)* \5
+    #         |   [^ @]
+    #         )+
+    #         @ .+?
+    #       )?
+    #       >?
+    #     $
+    #     """,
+    #     re.VERBOSE,
+    # )
+
+    return _name_email.match(string).groups()[::4]
+
+
+def _uniq(values):
+    """
+    Return a list omitting duplicate values.
+
+    >>> _uniq([1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 1, 4])
+    [1, 2, 3, 4]
+
+    >>> _uniq(())
+    []
+    """
+    unique = set()
+    result = []
+    for value in values:
+        if value in unique:
+            continue
+        unique.add(value)
+        result.append(value)
+    return result
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass(eq=True, frozen=True)
+class Ident:
+    """
+    A container for identity attributes, used by the author or
+    maintainer fields.
+    """
+
+    name: str | None
+    email: str | None
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return (getattr(self, field.name) for field in dataclasses.fields(self))
+
 
 class Message(email.message.Message):
     multiple_use_keys = set(
@@ -87,3 +314,29 @@ def transform(key):
             return tk, value
 
         return dict(map(transform, map(FoldedCase, self)))
+
+    def _parse_idents(self, string):
+        entries = (_name_email_split(entry) for entry in _entries_findall(string))
+        return _uniq(Ident(*entry) for entry in entries if entry != (None, None))
+
+    def _parse_names(self, string):
+        return _uniq(Ident(entry, None) for entry in _entries_findall(string))
+
+    def _parse_names_idents(self, names_field, idents_field):
+        names = self._parse_names(self.get(names_field, ""))
+        idents = self._parse_idents(self.get(idents_field, ""))
+        return _uniq((*names, *idents))
+
+    @property
+    def authors(self):
+        """
+        Minimal parsing for "Author" and "Author-email" fields.
+        """
+        return self._parse_names_idents("Author", "Author-email")
+
+    @property
+    def maintainers(self):
+        """
+        Minimal parsing for "Maintainer" and "Maintainer-email" fields.
+        """
+        return self._parse_names_idents("Maintainer", "Maintainer-email")

Lib/importlib/metadata/_meta.py

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 from typing import Protocol
 from typing import Any, Dict, Iterator, List, Optional, TypeVar, Union, overload
 
+from ._adapters import Ident
+
 
 _T = TypeVar("_T")
 
@@ -43,6 +45,18 @@ def json(self) -> Dict[str, Union[str, List[str]]]:
         A JSON-compatible form of the metadata.
         """
 
+    @property
+    def authors(self) -> list[Ident]:
+        """
+        Minimal parsing for "Author" and "Author-email" fields.
+        """
+
+    @property
+    def maintainers(self) -> list[Ident]:
+        """
+        Minimal parsing for "Maintainer" and "Maintainer-email" fields.
+        """
+
 
 class SimplePath(Protocol[_T]):
     """

Lib/test/support/_hypothesis_stubs/__init__.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
     "strategies",
     "HealthCheck",
     "settings",
+    "note",
     "Verbosity",
 ]
 
@@ -82,6 +83,10 @@ def settings(*args, **kwargs):
     return lambda f: f  # pragma: nocover
 
 
+def note(*args, **kwargs):
+    pass # pragma: no cover
+
+
 class HealthCheck(Enum):
     data_too_large = 1
     filter_too_much = 2