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process_xxx_memory statistics for macOS (cgo) #1616

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merged 1 commit into from
Sep 27, 2024

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mharbison72
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This is built on top of the much easier to get process metrics in PR1600, so only the last commit is interesting here (and the commit message has more details). I don't expect or want this to be landed as-is, but am posting it here to help with any discussion about finishing off #1590.

I've not paid much attention to the RSS values of Go processes on macOS, but after ~5 minutes of banging on my own exporter with curl, I only ever see the value going up. The values agree with the ps command. There should be ~0 code other than from this module running, but we'll see what happens.

@bwplotka

@mharbison72 mharbison72 force-pushed the mac-process-mem-stats branch from 78af2fb to eca836e Compare September 6, 2024 16:37
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As an alternative to this, I have now managed to also get it working without cgo, using github.com/ebitengine/purego. The problem was a native structure had a 32 bit field, followed by a 64 bit field, but was packed. This package doesn't handle that missing padding, but encoding/binary.Read() does. This alternative allows compiling on any platform and always exporting the metrics (whereas the cgo solution here silently ignores the C code in favor of a stub method that causes the metrics to not be exported if cgo is not supported).

The one wrinkle that I noticed is that the command code passed to the native API is a macro that evaluates to 5 on amd64, and 18 on arm64. It's this kind of nuisance stuff that gives me pause using this mechanism, though there's clear benefit instead of silently dropping some metrics. Maybe a reasonable solution is using github.com/ebitengine/purego, plus some _test.go that uses cgo to pass back offsetof(), sizeof(), and any other C macro evaluation that is relevant, so they can be compared against constants defined in Go. It's more or less what I did to validate my reading of the C headers, and would provide sanity checks similar to just using cgo, but without hassling client program build environments. But IDK if there are any macOS test runners available for this project.

So I guess the choices are simpler code, but slightly limited (this cgo PR), or a dependency + a bit more code without C compiler checks by default, but more flexible for users. Let me know if this second approach is reasonable, and I can clean up and submit this alternative in a different PR.

@mharbison72 mharbison72 changed the title process_xxx_memory statistics for macOS process_xxx_memory statistics for macOS (cgo) Sep 17, 2024
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bwplotka commented Sep 23, 2024

Epic! I would love to avoid github.com/ebitengine/purego or any dependency. We have a backlash the moment client_golang introduces more dependencies than needed.

Personally I would rather have something optional, perhaps requirement for building with CGO IF you want darwin RSS (otherwise it will not expose that metric) would be ok. If we want something more complex we might want to put process collector as a separate Go module/project (:

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Epic! I would love to avoid github.com/ebitengine/purego or any dependency. We have a backlash the moment client_golang introduces more dependencies than needed.

Totally understandable, and that's why I opted for cgo first. FTR, the purego version is #1629 (though I used a newer structure that better supports arm64, so this code needs to be updated too).

Personally I would rather have something optional, perhaps requirement for building with CGO IF you want darwin RSS (otherwise it will not expose that metric) would be ok.

Can you explain? In my mind, that's how this code works- if CGO_ENABLED=1 (e.g. go.exe matches the current platform/arch, and the C compiler is available), you get the cgo code, and the metric exposed. If CGO_ENABLED=0 (either manually or the C compiler is unavailable), you get the stub function from prometheus_collector_memory_noop.go, and the 0 value signals the Collector to skip the metric.

Are you suggesting an explicit build tag? One of the reservations expressed in the IRC channel about cgo was people needing to update their build scripts to use it, and it would seem like an explicit build tag would have the same issue. I like how this is able to avoid that concern (though it's almost too magical in that when I make a fat binary by compiling both architectures, only one has CGO_ENABLED=1 by default). Maybe skipping the cgo code only if there's a no-darwin-cgo build tag would get people to investigate and fix their build scripts?

If we want something more complex we might want to put process collector as a separate Go module/project (:

I would like to keep this as simple as possible. I'm not sure if you're suggesting another module in this repo (or another GH/prometheus repo), but that will probably require more knowledge of the project than I have.

@@ -33,6 +33,14 @@ type processCollector struct {
inBytes, outBytes *Desc
}

func init() {
// Debugging to show the correct implementation is used based on CGO_ENABLED=0.
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Do we want to merge that though?

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Do we want to merge that though?

No. This initial PR was just throwing a dart to show it working, and get either a "this cgo is bad, please avoid it", or "3rd party deps are bad, use cgo", or "this isn't workable at all" response to resolve the various discussions about #1590.

Let me review deeper, is this ready to go then?

It sounds like you're agreeable to the general idea here, so give me a day or two to migrate this to the APIs that I used in the purego version for portability. Is there a preferred format for C code, or is anything fine as long as it's reasonable?

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Can you explain? In my mind, that's how this code works- if CGO_ENABLED=1 (e.g. go.exe matches the current platform/arch, and the C compiler is available), you get the cgo code, and the metric exposed. If CGO_ENABLED=0 (either manually or the C compiler is unavailable), you get the stub function from prometheus_collector_memory_noop.go, and the 0 value signals the Collector to skip the metric.

No, this would work fine I guess, it's what I meant. Let me review deeper, is this ready to go then?

prometheus#1600)

Unfortunately, these values aren't available from getrusage(2), or any other
builtin Go API.  Go itself doesn't provide a mechanism (like on Windows) to call
into system libraries.  Using a 3rd party package[1] to dynamically call system
libraries was proposed and rejected, to avoid adding to the number of
dependencies.  That leaves using cgo, which is used here when available.  When
not available (either because of cross compiling or explicitly disabling it), a
stub function is linked instead, and the metrics are not exported.  That way,
cross compiling of other platforms is unaffected (and can also still be done
with Darwin too, but at the cost of not exporting these metrics).

Note that building an amd64 image on an arm64 mac or vice-versa is cross
compiling, and will use the stub method by default.  This can be avoided by
setting `CGO_ENABLED=1` in the environment to force the use of cgo for both
architectures.

I'm unsure of the usefulness of the potential adjustment made to the virtual
memory value after calling `mach_vm_region()`.  I've not seen that code get run
with a native amd64 or arm64 image, or with an amd64 image running under
Rosetta.  But that's what the `ps(1)` command does, and I think we should report
what the system tools do.

When I was testing this on a beta of macOS 15 with Go 1.21.13 (the current
minimum support for this module), the amd64 image ran fine under Rosetta, but
the arm64 image immediately printed a message that it was killed, even prior to
the cgo call.  This seems to be a recurring issue on macOS[2][3], and passing
`-ldflags -s` to `go build` avoided the issue.  Go 1.23.1 worked out of the box,
without fiddling with linker flags, so I don't think this is an issue- Go 1.21
is simply too old to support macOS 15, but I thought it was worth noting.  I
supposed we could gate the cgo code with an additional build flag, if anyone is
concerned about this.

[1] https://github.com/ebitengine/purego
[2] golang/go#19841 (comment)
[3] golang/go#11887 (comment)

Signed-off-by: Matt Harbison <mharbison72@gmail.com>
@mharbison72 mharbison72 force-pushed the mac-process-mem-stats branch 2 times, most recently from 0bbaeea to 6619b9d Compare September 24, 2024 22:40
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@bwplotka - Now it's ready for review. I'll close the purego one when this is closed out. Assuming this technique is ok, the network send/receive stats are the only two metrics missing for parity with Linux.

It looks like the changelog is mostly managed outside of code changes, but LMK if you want me to change it in the next round (or a followup PR if this is acceptable). Needing to enable cgo explicitly when making fat binaries is probably sneaky enough to be worthy of calling out.

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Beautiful, well done!

Tiny nit around naming file consistency, but otherwise LGTM! We will fix changelog later.

// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
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can we rename this file to process_collector_cgo_darwin.c too?

@mharbison72 mharbison72 force-pushed the mac-process-mem-stats branch 2 times, most recently from 7c9e084 to 1a14ac7 Compare September 25, 2024 16:22
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Sorry about that- I screwed up the copy/paste and trimmed the "prometheus/" directory off. It should be as intended now.

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LGTM! Thank you for your contribution! 🙌

@bwplotka bwplotka merged commit 25bda7c into prometheus:main Sep 27, 2024
10 checks passed
amberpixels pushed a commit to amberpixels/prometheus_client_golang that referenced this pull request Nov 29, 2024
…S using optional cgo (prometheus#1616)

Unfortunately, these values aren't available from getrusage(2), or any other
builtin Go API.  Go itself doesn't provide a mechanism (like on Windows) to call
into system libraries.  Using a 3rd party package[1] to dynamically call system
libraries was proposed and rejected, to avoid adding to the number of
dependencies.  That leaves using cgo, which is used here when available.  When
not available (either because of cross compiling or explicitly disabling it), a
stub function is linked instead, and the metrics are not exported.  That way,
cross compiling of other platforms is unaffected (and can also still be done
with Darwin too, but at the cost of not exporting these metrics).

Note that building an amd64 image on an arm64 mac or vice-versa is cross
compiling, and will use the stub method by default.  This can be avoided by
setting `CGO_ENABLED=1` in the environment to force the use of cgo for both
architectures.

I'm unsure of the usefulness of the potential adjustment made to the virtual
memory value after calling `mach_vm_region()`.  I've not seen that code get run
with a native amd64 or arm64 image, or with an amd64 image running under
Rosetta.  But that's what the `ps(1)` command does, and I think we should report
what the system tools do.

When I was testing this on a beta of macOS 15 with Go 1.21.13 (the current
minimum support for this module), the amd64 image ran fine under Rosetta, but
the arm64 image immediately printed a message that it was killed, even prior to
the cgo call.  This seems to be a recurring issue on macOS[2][3], and passing
`-ldflags -s` to `go build` avoided the issue.  Go 1.23.1 worked out of the box,
without fiddling with linker flags, so I don't think this is an issue- Go 1.21
is simply too old to support macOS 15, but I thought it was worth noting.  I
supposed we could gate the cgo code with an additional build flag, if anyone is
concerned about this.

[1] https://github.com/ebitengine/purego
[2] golang/go#19841 (comment)
[3] golang/go#11887 (comment)

Signed-off-by: Matt Harbison <mharbison72@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Eugene <eugene@amberpixels.io>
DennisRasey pushed a commit to DennisRasey/forgejo that referenced this pull request Feb 25, 2025
…) (#7016)

This PR contains the following updates:

| Package | Type | Update | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| [github.com/prometheus/client_golang](https://github.com/prometheus/client_golang) | require | minor | `v1.20.5` -> `v1.21.0` |

---

### Release Notes

<details>
<summary>prometheus/client_golang (github.com/prometheus/client_golang)</summary>

### [`v1.21.0`](https://github.com/prometheus/client_golang/releases/tag/v1.21.0): / 2025-02-19

[Compare Source](prometheus/client_golang@v1.20.5...v1.21.0)

:warning: This release contains potential breaking change if you upgrade `github.com/prometheus/common` to 0.62+ together with client_golang (and depend on the strict, legacy validation for the label names). New common version [changes `model.NameValidationScheme` global variable](prometheus/common#724), which relaxes the validation of label names and metric name, allowing all UTF-8 characters. Typically, this should not break any user, unless your test or usage expects strict certain names to panic/fail on client_golang metric registration, gathering or scrape. In case of problems change `model.NameValidationScheme` to old `model.LegacyValidation` value in your project `init` function. ⚠️

-   \[BUGFIX] gocollector: Fix help message for runtime/metric metrics. [#&#8203;1583](prometheus/client_golang#1583)
-   \[BUGFIX] prometheus: Fix `Desc.String()` method for no labels case. [#&#8203;1687](prometheus/client_golang#1687)
-   \[PERF] prometheus: Optimize popular `prometheus.BuildFQName` function; now up to 30% faster. [#&#8203;1665](prometheus/client_golang#1665)
-   \[PERF] prometheus: Optimize `Inc`, `Add` and `Observe` cumulative metrics; now up to 50% faster under high concurrent contention. [#&#8203;1661](prometheus/client_golang#1661)
-   \[CHANGE] Upgrade prometheus/common to 0.62.0 which changes `model.NameValidationScheme` global variable. [#&#8203;1712](prometheus/client_golang#1712)
-   \[CHANGE] Add support for Go 1.23. [#&#8203;1602](prometheus/client_golang#1602)
-   \[FEATURE] process_collector: Add support for Darwin systems. [#&#8203;1600](prometheus/client_golang#1600) [#&#8203;1616](prometheus/client_golang#1616) [#&#8203;1625](prometheus/client_golang#1625) [#&#8203;1675](prometheus/client_golang#1675) [#&#8203;1715](prometheus/client_golang#1715)
-   \[FEATURE] api: Add ability to invoke `CloseIdleConnections` on api.Client using `api.Client.(CloseIdler).CloseIdleConnections()` casting. [#&#8203;1513](prometheus/client_golang#1513)
-   \[FEATURE] promhttp: Add `promhttp.HandlerOpts.EnableOpenMetricsTextCreatedSamples` option to create OpenMetrics \_created lines. Not recommended unless you want to use opt-in Created Timestamp feature. Community works on OpenMetrics 2.0 format that should make those lines obsolete (they increase cardinality significantly). [#&#8203;1408](prometheus/client_golang#1408)
-   \[FEATURE] prometheus: Add `NewConstNativeHistogram` function. [#&#8203;1654](prometheus/client_golang#1654)

<details>
<summary> All commits </summary>
* Merge release-1.20 to main by @&#8203;bwplotka in prometheus/client_golang#1582
* gocollector: Tiny fix for help message with runtime/metrics source. by @&#8203;bwplotka in prometheus/client_golang#1583
* ci: bump dagger to the latest version by @&#8203;marcosnils in prometheus/client_golang#1588
* Merge release-1.20 back to main by @&#8203;ArthurSens in prometheus/client_golang#1593
* Update linting by @&#8203;SuperQ in prometheus/client_golang#1603
* Update supported Go versions by @&#8203;SuperQ in prometheus/client_golang#1602
* build(deps): bump golang.org/x/sys from 0.22.0 to 0.24.0 by @&#8203;dependabot in prometheus/client_golang#1611
* build(deps): bump github.com/prometheus/common from 0.55.0 to 0.57.0 by @&#8203;dependabot in prometheus/client_golang#1612
* changed the name of all variables with min/max name by @&#8203;parthlaw in prometheus/client_golang#1606
* Update Dagger and build. by @&#8203;SuperQ in prometheus/client_golang#1610
* build(deps): bump github/codeql-action from 3.25.15 to 3.26.6 in the github-actions group across 1 directory by @&#8203;dependabot in prometheus/client_golang#1614
* examples: Improved GoCollector example. by @&#8203;bwplotka in prometheus/client_golang#1589
* Synchronize common files from prometheus/prometheus by @&#8203;prombot in prometheus/client_golang#1615
* process_collector: fill in most statistics on macOS by @&#8203;mharbison72 in prometheus/client_golang#1600
* ⚡ http client defer CloseIdleConnections by @&#8203;cuisongliu in prometheus/client_golang#1513
* Set allow-utf-8 in Format during tests to avoid escaping. by @&#8203;ywwg in prometheus/client_golang#1618
* Synchronize common files from prometheus/prometheus by @&#8203;prombot in prometheus/client_golang#1622
* Merge Release 1.20 back to main by @&#8203;ArthurSens in prometheus/client_golang#1627
* examples: Add custom labels example by @&#8203;ying-jeanne in prometheus/client_golang#1626
* Refactor default runtime metrics tests for Go collector so that default runtime metric set autogenerates by @&#8203;vesari in prometheus/client_golang#1631
* Synchronize common files from prometheus/prometheus by @&#8203;prombot in prometheus/client_golang#1628
* process_xxx_memory statistics for macOS (cgo) by @&#8203;mharbison72 in prometheus/client_golang#1616
* build(deps): bump github.com/klauspost/compress from 1.17.9 to 1.17.10 by @&#8203;dependabot in prometheus/client_golang#1633
* build(deps): bump golang.org/x/sys from 0.24.0 to 0.25.0 by @&#8203;dependabot in prometheus/client_golang#1632
* process_collector: Add Platform-Specific Describe for processCollector by @&#8203;ying-jeanne in prometheus/client_golang#1625
* Synchronize common files from prometheus/prometheus by @&#8203;prombot in prometheus/client_golang#1635
* build(deps): bump the github-actions group with 4 updates by @&#8203;dependabot in prometheus/client_golang#1634
* Optionally print OM created lines by @&#8203;ArthurSens in prometheus/client_golang#1408
* process_collector: merge wasip1 and js into a single implementation by @&#8203;ying-jeanne in prometheus/client_golang#1644
* Merge release 1.20 to main by @&#8203;bwplotka in prometheus/client_golang#1647
* Add Arianna as maintainer 💪 by @&#8203;ArthurSens in prometheus/client_golang#1651
* test add headers round tripper by @&#8203;Manask322 in prometheus/client_golang#1657
* build(deps): bump github.com/klauspost/compress from 1.17.10 to 1.17.11 by @&#8203;dependabot in prometheus/client_golang#1668
* build(deps): bump golang.org/x/sys from 0.25.0 to 0.26.0 by @&#8203;dependabot in prometheus/client_golang#1669
* build(deps): bump github.com/prometheus/common from 0.59.1 to 0.60.1 by @&#8203;dependabot in prometheus/client_golang#1667
* build(deps): bump google.golang.org/protobuf from 1.34.2 to 1.35.1 by @&#8203;dependabot in prometheus/client_golang#1670
* Optimize BuildFQName function by @&#8203;jkroepke in prometheus/client_golang#1665
* fix: use injected now() instead of time.Now() in summary methods by @&#8203;imorph in prometheus/client_golang#1672
* process_collector: avoid a compiler warning on macOS (fixes #&#8203;1660) by @&#8203;mharbison72 in prometheus/client_golang#1675
* Synchronize common files from prometheus/prometheus by @&#8203;prombot in prometheus/client_golang#1674
* build(deps): bump the github-actions group across 1 directory with 3 updates by @&#8203;dependabot in prometheus/client_golang#1678
* [chore]: enable perfsprint linter by @&#8203;mmorel-35 in prometheus/client_golang#1676
* Duplicate of #&#8203;1662 by @&#8203;imorph in prometheus/client_golang#1673
* Synchronize common files from prometheus/prometheus by @&#8203;prombot in prometheus/client_golang#1679
* chore: enable usestdlibvars linter by @&#8203;mmorel-35 in prometheus/client_golang#1680
* Add: exponential backoff for CAS operations on floats by @&#8203;imorph in prometheus/client_golang#1661
* Synchronize common files from prometheus/prometheus by @&#8203;prombot in prometheus/client_golang#1683
* [1617] Add ConstnativeHistogram by @&#8203;shivanthzen in prometheus/client_golang#1654
* fix: replace fmt.Errorf with errors.New by @&#8203;kakkoyun in prometheus/client_golang#1689
* Add codeowners by @&#8203;kakkoyun in prometheus/client_golang#1688
* fix: add very small delay between observations in `TestHistogramAtomicObserve` by @&#8203;imorph in prometheus/client_golang#1691
* Synchronize common files from prometheus/prometheus by @&#8203;prombot in prometheus/client_golang#1692
* Fix: handle nil variableLabels in Desc.String() method and add tests for nil label values by @&#8203;kakkoyun in prometheus/client_golang#1687
* examples: Follow best practices and established naming conventions by @&#8203;lilic in prometheus/client_golang#1650
* setup OSSF Scorecard workflow by @&#8203;mmorel-35 in prometheus/client_golang#1432
* build(deps): bump google.golang.org/protobuf from 1.35.1 to 1.35.2 by @&#8203;dependabot in prometheus/client_golang#1697
* build(deps): bump golang.org/x/sys from 0.26.0 to 0.27.0 by @&#8203;dependabot in prometheus/client_golang#1696
* build(deps): bump the github-actions group with 5 updates by @&#8203;dependabot in prometheus/client_golang#1695
* update links to openmetrics to reference the v1.0.0 release by @&#8203;dashpole in prometheus/client_golang#1699
* build(deps): bump google.golang.org/protobuf from 1.35.2 to 1.36.1 by @&#8203;dependabot in prometheus/client_golang#1706
* build(deps): bump golang.org/x/sys from 0.27.0 to 0.28.0 by @&#8203;dependabot in prometheus/client_golang#1705
* build(deps): bump the github-actions group with 5 updates by @&#8203;dependabot in prometheus/client_golang#1707
* build(deps): bump github.com/prometheus/common from 0.60.1 to 0.61.0 by @&#8203;dependabot in prometheus/client_golang#1704
* Synchronize common files from prometheus/prometheus by @&#8203;prombot in prometheus/client_golang#1703
* Synchronize common files from prometheus/prometheus by @&#8203;prombot in prometheus/client_golang#1708
* Upgrade to prometheus/common 0.62.0 with breaking change by @&#8203;bwplotka in prometheus/client_golang#1712
* build(deps): bump golang.org/x/net from 0.26.0 to 0.33.0 in /tutorials/whatsup by @&#8203;dependabot in prometheus/client_golang#1713
* docs: Add RELEASE.md for the release process by @&#8203;kakkoyun in prometheus/client_golang#1690
* tutorials/whatsup: Updated deps by @&#8203;bwplotka in prometheus/client_golang#1716
* process collector: Fixed pedantic registry failures on darwin with cgo. by @&#8203;bwplotka in prometheus/client_golang#1715
* Revert "ci: daggerize test and lint pipelines (#&#8203;1534)" by @&#8203;bwplotka in prometheus/client_golang#1717
* Cut 1.21.0-rc.0 by @&#8203;bwplotka in prometheus/client_golang#1718
* Cut 1.21 by @&#8203;bwplotka in prometheus/client_golang#1737
</details>

#### New Contributors
* @&#8203;parthlaw made their first contribution in prometheus/client_golang#1606
* @&#8203;mharbison72 made their first contribution in prometheus/client_golang#1600
* @&#8203;cuisongliu made their first contribution in prometheus/client_golang#1513
* @&#8203;ying-jeanne made their first contribution in prometheus/client_golang#1626
* @&#8203;Manask322 made their first contribution in prometheus/client_golang#1657
* @&#8203;jkroepke made their first contribution in prometheus/client_golang#1665
* @&#8203;imorph made their first contribution in prometheus/client_golang#1672
* @&#8203;mmorel-35 made their first contribution in prometheus/client_golang#1676
* @&#8203;shivanthzen made their first contribution in prometheus/client_golang#1654
* @&#8203;dashpole made their first contribution in prometheus/client_golang#1699

**Full Changelog**: prometheus/client_golang@v1.20.5...v1.21.0

</details>

---

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Reviewed-on: https://codeberg.org/forgejo/forgejo/pulls/7016
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rnaveiras added a commit to rnaveiras/postgres_exporter that referenced this pull request Feb 25, 2025
….0 (#273)

This PR contains the following updates:

| Package | Change | Age | Adoption | Passing | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
[github.com/prometheus/client_golang](https://redirect.github.com/prometheus/client_golang)
| `v1.20.5` -> `v1.21.0` |
[![age](https://developer.mend.io/api/mc/badges/age/go/github.com%2fprometheus%2fclient_golang/v1.21.0?slim=true)](https://docs.renovatebot.com/merge-confidence/)
|
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---

### Release Notes

<details>
<summary>prometheus/client_golang
(github.com/prometheus/client_golang)</summary>

###
[`v1.21.0`](https://redirect.github.com/prometheus/client_golang/releases/tag/v1.21.0):
/ 2025-02-19

[Compare
Source](https://redirect.github.com/prometheus/client_golang/compare/v1.20.5...v1.21.0)

:warning: This release contains potential breaking change if you upgrade
`github.com/prometheus/common` to 0.62+ together with client_golang (and
depend on the strict, legacy validation for the label names). New common
version [changes `model.NameValidationScheme` global
variable](https://redirect.github.com/prometheus/common/pull/724), which
relaxes the validation of label names and metric name, allowing all
UTF-8 characters. Typically, this should not break any user, unless your
test or usage expects strict certain names to panic/fail on
client_golang metric registration, gathering or scrape. In case of
problems change `model.NameValidationScheme` to old
`model.LegacyValidation` value in your project `init` function.
:warning:

- \[BUGFIX] gocollector: Fix help message for runtime/metric metrics.
[#&#8203;1583](https://redirect.github.com/prometheus/client_golang/issues/1583)
- \[BUGFIX] prometheus: Fix `Desc.String()` method for no labels case.
[#&#8203;1687](https://redirect.github.com/prometheus/client_golang/issues/1687)
- \[PERF] prometheus: Optimize popular `prometheus.BuildFQName`
function; now up to 30% faster.
[#&#8203;1665](https://redirect.github.com/prometheus/client_golang/issues/1665)
- \[PERF] prometheus: Optimize `Inc`, `Add` and `Observe` cumulative
metrics; now up to 50% faster under high concurrent contention.
[#&#8203;1661](https://redirect.github.com/prometheus/client_golang/issues/1661)
- \[CHANGE] Upgrade prometheus/common to 0.62.0 which changes
`model.NameValidationScheme` global variable.
[#&#8203;1712](https://redirect.github.com/prometheus/client_golang/issues/1712)
- \[CHANGE] Add support for Go 1.23.
[#&#8203;1602](https://redirect.github.com/prometheus/client_golang/issues/1602)
- \[FEATURE] process_collector: Add support for Darwin systems.
[#&#8203;1600](https://redirect.github.com/prometheus/client_golang/issues/1600)
[#&#8203;1616](https://redirect.github.com/prometheus/client_golang/issues/1616)
[#&#8203;1625](https://redirect.github.com/prometheus/client_golang/issues/1625)
[#&#8203;1675](https://redirect.github.com/prometheus/client_golang/issues/1675)
[#&#8203;1715](https://redirect.github.com/prometheus/client_golang/issues/1715)
- \[FEATURE] api: Add ability to invoke `CloseIdleConnections` on
api.Client using `api.Client.(CloseIdler).CloseIdleConnections()`
casting.
[#&#8203;1513](https://redirect.github.com/prometheus/client_golang/issues/1513)
- \[FEATURE] promhttp: Add
`promhttp.HandlerOpts.EnableOpenMetricsTextCreatedSamples` option to
create OpenMetrics \_created lines. Not recommended unless you want to
use opt-in Created Timestamp feature. Community works on OpenMetrics 2.0
format that should make those lines obsolete (they increase cardinality
significantly).
[#&#8203;1408](https://redirect.github.com/prometheus/client_golang/issues/1408)
- \[FEATURE] prometheus: Add `NewConstNativeHistogram` function.
[#&#8203;1654](https://redirect.github.com/prometheus/client_golang/issues/1654)

<details>
<summary> All commits </summary>
* Merge release-1.20 to main by @&#8203;bwplotka in
prometheus/client_golang#1582
* gocollector: Tiny fix for help message with runtime/metrics source. by
@&#8203;bwplotka in
prometheus/client_golang#1583
* ci: bump dagger to the latest version by @&#8203;marcosnils in
prometheus/client_golang#1588
* Merge release-1.20 back to main by @&#8203;ArthurSens in
prometheus/client_golang#1593
* Update linting by @&#8203;SuperQ in
prometheus/client_golang#1603
* Update supported Go versions by @&#8203;SuperQ in
prometheus/client_golang#1602
* build(deps): bump golang.org/x/sys from 0.22.0 to 0.24.0 by
@&#8203;dependabot in
prometheus/client_golang#1611
* build(deps): bump github.com/prometheus/common from 0.55.0 to 0.57.0
by @&#8203;dependabot in
prometheus/client_golang#1612
* changed the name of all variables with min/max name by
@&#8203;parthlaw in
prometheus/client_golang#1606
* Update Dagger and build. by @&#8203;SuperQ in
prometheus/client_golang#1610
* build(deps): bump github/codeql-action from 3.25.15 to 3.26.6 in the
github-actions group across 1 directory by @&#8203;dependabot in
prometheus/client_golang#1614
* examples: Improved GoCollector example. by @&#8203;bwplotka in
prometheus/client_golang#1589
* Synchronize common files from prometheus/prometheus by @&#8203;prombot
in prometheus/client_golang#1615
* process_collector: fill in most statistics on macOS by
@&#8203;mharbison72 in
prometheus/client_golang#1600
* ⚡ http client defer CloseIdleConnections by @&#8203;cuisongliu in
prometheus/client_golang#1513
* Set allow-utf-8 in Format during tests to avoid escaping. by
@&#8203;ywwg in prometheus/client_golang#1618
* Synchronize common files from prometheus/prometheus by @&#8203;prombot
in prometheus/client_golang#1622
* Merge Release 1.20 back to main by @&#8203;ArthurSens in
prometheus/client_golang#1627
* examples: Add custom labels example by @&#8203;ying-jeanne in
prometheus/client_golang#1626
* Refactor default runtime metrics tests for Go collector so that
default runtime metric set autogenerates by @&#8203;vesari in
prometheus/client_golang#1631
* Synchronize common files from prometheus/prometheus by @&#8203;prombot
in prometheus/client_golang#1628
* process_xxx_memory statistics for macOS (cgo) by @&#8203;mharbison72
in prometheus/client_golang#1616
* build(deps): bump github.com/klauspost/compress from 1.17.9 to 1.17.10
by @&#8203;dependabot in
prometheus/client_golang#1633
* build(deps): bump golang.org/x/sys from 0.24.0 to 0.25.0 by
@&#8203;dependabot in
prometheus/client_golang#1632
* process_collector: Add Platform-Specific Describe for processCollector
by @&#8203;ying-jeanne in
prometheus/client_golang#1625
* Synchronize common files from prometheus/prometheus by @&#8203;prombot
in prometheus/client_golang#1635
* build(deps): bump the github-actions group with 4 updates by
@&#8203;dependabot in
prometheus/client_golang#1634
* Optionally print OM created lines by @&#8203;ArthurSens in
prometheus/client_golang#1408
* process_collector: merge wasip1 and js into a single implementation by
@&#8203;ying-jeanne in
prometheus/client_golang#1644
* Merge release 1.20 to main by @&#8203;bwplotka in
prometheus/client_golang#1647
* Add Arianna as maintainer 💪 by @&#8203;ArthurSens in
prometheus/client_golang#1651
* test add headers round tripper by @&#8203;Manask322 in
prometheus/client_golang#1657
* build(deps): bump github.com/klauspost/compress from 1.17.10 to
1.17.11 by @&#8203;dependabot in
prometheus/client_golang#1668
* build(deps): bump golang.org/x/sys from 0.25.0 to 0.26.0 by
@&#8203;dependabot in
prometheus/client_golang#1669
* build(deps): bump github.com/prometheus/common from 0.59.1 to 0.60.1
by @&#8203;dependabot in
prometheus/client_golang#1667
* build(deps): bump google.golang.org/protobuf from 1.34.2 to 1.35.1 by
@&#8203;dependabot in
prometheus/client_golang#1670
* Optimize BuildFQName function by @&#8203;jkroepke in
prometheus/client_golang#1665
* fix: use injected now() instead of time.Now() in summary methods by
@&#8203;imorph in prometheus/client_golang#1672
* process_collector: avoid a compiler warning on macOS (fixes
#&#8203;1660) by @&#8203;mharbison72 in
prometheus/client_golang#1675
* Synchronize common files from prometheus/prometheus by @&#8203;prombot
in prometheus/client_golang#1674
* build(deps): bump the github-actions group across 1 directory with 3
updates by @&#8203;dependabot in
prometheus/client_golang#1678
* [chore]: enable perfsprint linter by @&#8203;mmorel-35 in
prometheus/client_golang#1676
* Duplicate of #&#8203;1662 by @&#8203;imorph in
prometheus/client_golang#1673
* Synchronize common files from prometheus/prometheus by @&#8203;prombot
in prometheus/client_golang#1679
* chore: enable usestdlibvars linter by @&#8203;mmorel-35 in
prometheus/client_golang#1680
* Add: exponential backoff for CAS operations on floats by
@&#8203;imorph in prometheus/client_golang#1661
* Synchronize common files from prometheus/prometheus by @&#8203;prombot
in prometheus/client_golang#1683
* [1617] Add ConstnativeHistogram by @&#8203;shivanthzen in
prometheus/client_golang#1654
* fix: replace fmt.Errorf with errors.New by @&#8203;kakkoyun in
prometheus/client_golang#1689
* Add codeowners by @&#8203;kakkoyun in
prometheus/client_golang#1688
* fix: add very small delay between observations in
`TestHistogramAtomicObserve` by @&#8203;imorph in
prometheus/client_golang#1691
* Synchronize common files from prometheus/prometheus by @&#8203;prombot
in prometheus/client_golang#1692
* Fix: handle nil variableLabels in Desc.String() method and add tests
for nil label values by @&#8203;kakkoyun in
prometheus/client_golang#1687
* examples: Follow best practices and established naming conventions by
@&#8203;lilic in prometheus/client_golang#1650
* setup OSSF Scorecard workflow by @&#8203;mmorel-35 in
prometheus/client_golang#1432
* build(deps): bump google.golang.org/protobuf from 1.35.1 to 1.35.2 by
@&#8203;dependabot in
prometheus/client_golang#1697
* build(deps): bump golang.org/x/sys from 0.26.0 to 0.27.0 by
@&#8203;dependabot in
prometheus/client_golang#1696
* build(deps): bump the github-actions group with 5 updates by
@&#8203;dependabot in
prometheus/client_golang#1695
* update links to openmetrics to reference the v1.0.0 release by
@&#8203;dashpole in
prometheus/client_golang#1699
* build(deps): bump google.golang.org/protobuf from 1.35.2 to 1.36.1 by
@&#8203;dependabot in
prometheus/client_golang#1706
* build(deps): bump golang.org/x/sys from 0.27.0 to 0.28.0 by
@&#8203;dependabot in
prometheus/client_golang#1705
* build(deps): bump the github-actions group with 5 updates by
@&#8203;dependabot in
prometheus/client_golang#1707
* build(deps): bump github.com/prometheus/common from 0.60.1 to 0.61.0
by @&#8203;dependabot in
prometheus/client_golang#1704
* Synchronize common files from prometheus/prometheus by @&#8203;prombot
in prometheus/client_golang#1703
* Synchronize common files from prometheus/prometheus by @&#8203;prombot
in prometheus/client_golang#1708
* Upgrade to prometheus/common 0.62.0 with breaking change by
@&#8203;bwplotka in
prometheus/client_golang#1712
* build(deps): bump golang.org/x/net from 0.26.0 to 0.33.0 in
/tutorials/whatsup by @&#8203;dependabot in
prometheus/client_golang#1713
* docs: Add RELEASE.md for the release process by @&#8203;kakkoyun in
prometheus/client_golang#1690
* tutorials/whatsup: Updated deps by @&#8203;bwplotka in
prometheus/client_golang#1716
* process collector: Fixed pedantic registry failures on darwin with
cgo. by @&#8203;bwplotka in
prometheus/client_golang#1715
* Revert "ci: daggerize test and lint pipelines (#&#8203;1534)" by
@&#8203;bwplotka in
prometheus/client_golang#1717
* Cut 1.21.0-rc.0 by @&#8203;bwplotka in
prometheus/client_golang#1718
* Cut 1.21 by @&#8203;bwplotka in
prometheus/client_golang#1737
</details>

#### New Contributors
* @&#8203;parthlaw made their first
contributi[https://github.com/prometheus/client_golang/pull/1606](https://redirect.github.com/prometheus/client_golang/pull/1606)l/1606
* @&#8203;mharbison72 made their first
contributi[https://github.com/prometheus/client_golang/pull/1600](https://redirect.github.com/prometheus/client_golang/pull/1600)l/1600
* @&#8203;cuisongliu made their first
contributi[https://github.com/prometheus/client_golang/pull/1513](https://redirect.github.com/prometheus/client_golang/pull/1513)l/1513
* @&#8203;ying-jeanne made their first
contributi[https://github.com/prometheus/client_golang/pull/1626](https://redirect.github.com/prometheus/client_golang/pull/1626)l/1626
* @&#8203;Manask322 made their first
contributi[https://github.com/prometheus/client_golang/pull/1657](https://redirect.github.com/prometheus/client_golang/pull/1657)l/1657
* @&#8203;jkroepke made their first
contributi[https://github.com/prometheus/client_golang/pull/1665](https://redirect.github.com/prometheus/client_golang/pull/1665)l/1665
* @&#8203;imorph made their first
contributi[https://github.com/prometheus/client_golang/pull/1672](https://redirect.github.com/prometheus/client_golang/pull/1672)l/1672
* @&#8203;mmorel-35 made their first
contributi[https://github.com/prometheus/client_golang/pull/1676](https://redirect.github.com/prometheus/client_golang/pull/1676)l/1676
* @&#8203;shivanthzen made their first
contributi[https://github.com/prometheus/client_golang/pull/1654](https://redirect.github.com/prometheus/client_golang/pull/1654)l/1654
* @&#8203;dashpole made their first
contributi[https://github.com/prometheus/client_golang/pull/1699](https://redirect.github.com/prometheus/client_golang/pull/1699)l/1699

**Full Changelog**:
prometheus/client_golang@v1.20.5...v1.21.0

</details>

---

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