Fix potential data inconsistency when widen pk column type if pk is handle (#3568)

[ti-chi-bot]

This is an automated cherry-pick of #3568

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #3569

What is changed and how it works?

Check whether pk value overflow after insert.

Check List

Tests

• Integration test

Release note

Fix potential data inconsistency after altering a primary key column to a larger int data type

[ti-chi-bot]

[REVIEW NOTIFICATION]

This pull request has been approved by:

• JaySon-Huang
• lidezhu

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[ti-chi-bot]

@ti-chi-bot: This cherry pick PR is for a release branch and has not yet been approved by release team.
Adding the do-not-merge/cherry-pick-not-approved label.

To merge this cherry pick, it must first be approved by the collaborators.

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[JaySon-Huang]

/run-all-tests

[CLAassistant]

All committers have signed the CLA.

[lidezhu]

/rebuild

[VelocityLight]

This pull request is closed because it's related version has closed automatic cherry-picking.
If it's still needed, you can reopen it or just regenerate it using bot,
see:

• https://prow.tidb.io/command-help#cherrypick
• https://book.prow.tidb.net/#/plugins/cherrypicker

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• https://internals.tidb.io/t/topic/785