select: Add tablesample

[dveeden]

What is changed, added or deleted? (Required)

Closes #5915

Which TiDB version(s) do your changes apply to? (Required)

Tips for choosing the affected version(s):

By default, CHOOSE MASTER ONLY so your changes will be applied to the next TiDB major or minor releases. If your PR involves a product feature behavior change or a compatibility change, CHOOSE THE AFFECTED RELEASE BRANCH(ES) AND MASTER.

For details, see tips for choosing the affected versions.

• master (the latest development version)
• v7.0 (TiDB 7.0 versions)
• v6.6 (TiDB 6.6 versions)
• v6.5 (TiDB 6.5 versions)
• v6.4 (TiDB 6.4 versions)
• v6.1 (TiDB 6.1 versions)
• v5.4 (TiDB 5.4 versions)
• v5.3 (TiDB 5.3 versions)
• v5.2 (TiDB 5.2 versions)
• v5.1 (TiDB 5.1 versions)
• v5.0 (TiDB 5.0 versions)

What is the related PR or file link(s)?

• This PR is translated from:
• Other reference link(s):
  • Support SELECT FROM TABLESAMPLE tidb#20567
  • https://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=92759

Do your changes match any of the following descriptions?

• Delete files
• Change aliases
• Need modification after applied to another branch
• Might cause conflicts after applied to another branch

Example

sql> SELECT * FROM item TABLESAMPLE REGIONS();
+------+---------+-------------------------+---------+------------------------------------------+
| i_id | i_im_id | i_name                  | i_price | i_data                                   |
+------+---------+-------------------------+---------+------------------------------------------+
|    1 |    6138 | 1Md6YJgZCYlcpfBkWmOJzmS |   11.38 | 99AZzeYO7GIi0Q9bgufHVwXVzMYxdIOa3pr3Guia |
+------+---------+-------------------------+---------+------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.0014 sec)

[ti-chi-bot]

[REVIEW NOTIFICATION]

This pull request has been approved by:

• tangenta
• tiancaiamao

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[ran-huang]

/merge

[ti-chi-bot]

This pull request has been accepted and is ready to merge.

Commit hash: 415584a

[ti-chi-bot]

In response to a cherrypick label: new pull request created to branch release-6.1: #13397.

[ti-chi-bot]

In response to a cherrypick label: new pull request created to branch release-6.5: #13398.

[ti-chi-bot]

In response to a cherrypick label: new pull request created to branch release-6.6: #13399.

[ti-chi-bot]

In response to a cherrypick label: new pull request created to branch release-7.0: #13400.