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distribute-table: support to scatter the region distribution of the given table and engine #19534

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82 changes: 82 additions & 0 deletions sql-statements/sql_statement_distribute_table.md
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---
title: distribute table 使用文档
summary: TiDB 中的 distribute table 功能可以解决表中 region 分布不均衡问题。通过重新调整 table 中的 region 的分布,可以让指定 table 下的 region 按照一定的策略进行均衡。重新分配可以指定不同的存储引擎,比如 TIFLASH 和 TIKV。同时也可以指定不同的 raft role,比如 learner,leader,voter。
---

# DISTRIBUTE TABLE 使用文档
`DISTRIBUTE TABLE` 用于对指定表范围内的 region 进行重新打散调度, 使其按照表纬度进行均衡分布,防止个别 region 集中在少数的 TIFLASH 和 TIKV。
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title: distribute table 使用文档
summary: TiDB 中的 distribute table 功能可以解决表中 region 分布不均衡问题。通过重新调整 table 中的 region 的分布,可以让指定 table 下的 region 按照一定的策略进行均衡。重新分配可以指定不同的存储引擎,比如 TIFLASH 和 TIKV。同时也可以指定不同的 raft role,比如 learner,leader,voter。
---
# DISTRIBUTE TABLE 使用文档
`DISTRIBUTE TABLE` 用于对指定表范围内的 region 进行重新打散调度, 使其按照表纬度进行均衡分布,防止个别 region 集中在少数的 TIFLASH 和 TIKV。
title: DISTRIBUTE TABLE
summary: 介绍 TiDB 数据库中 DISTRIBUTE TABLE 的使用概况。
---
# DISTRIBUTE TABLE
`DISTRIBUTE TABLE` 语句用于对指定表的 Region 进行重新打散和调度,以实现表维度的均衡分布。执行该语句可以防止个别 Region 集中在少数 TiFlash 或 TiKV 节点上,从而解决表中 Region 分布不均衡的问题。

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summary 里的内容不会显示到文档正文中,只是用于搜索引擎检索和显示


## 语法图

```ebnf+diagram
DistributeTableStmt ::=
"DISTRIBUTE" "TABLE" TableName PartitionNameList? EngineOption? RoleOption?

TableName ::=
(SchemaName ".")? Identifier

PartitionNameList ::=
"PARTITION" "(" PartitionName ("," PartitionName)* ")"

EngineOption ::=
"ENGINE" Expression

RoleOption ::=
"Role" Expression

```

## 示例

对表A 上的 tikv 上的 leader 重新进行均衡调度
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对表A 上的 tikv 上的 leader 重新进行均衡调度
通过 `DISTRIBUTE TABLE` 语句重新调度表中的 Region 时,你可以根据需求指定存储引擎(如 TiFlash 或 TiKV)以及不同的 Raft 角色(如 learner、leader、voter)。
对表 `t1` 在 TiKV 上的 leader 所在的 Region 重新进行均衡调度:

```sql
CREATE TABLE t1 (a INT);
...
DISTRIBUTE TABLE table_name engine tikv role leader
```
+---------+
| JOB_ID |
100
+---------+



显示当前所有的调度任务
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显示当前所有的调度任务
显示当前所有的调度任务

```sql
SHOW DISTRIBUTION JOBS;
```

+---------+------------+------------+-----------------+------------+-----------+----------+-------------+---------------+
| JOB_ID | DB_NAME | TABLE_NAME | PARTITION_NAMES | ENGINE_TYPE | ROLE_TYPE | STATUS | CREATE_USER | CREATE_TIME |
+---------+------------+------------+-----------------+------------+-----------+--------+---------------+---------------+
| 1 | db_1 | t1 | | TIKV | LEADER | RUNNING | ADMIN | 20240712 |
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| 1 | db_1 | t1 | | TIKV | LEADER | RUNNING | ADMIN | 20240712 |
| 1 | db_1 | t1 | | TIKV | LEADER | RUNNING | ADMIN | 20240712 |

| 2 | db_1 | t2 | | TIFLASH | LEARNER | FINISHED | ADMIN | 20240715 |
| 3 | db_1 | t3 | | TiKV | VOTER | STOPPED | ADMIN | 20240713 |
| 4 | db_1 | t4 | | TIFLASH | LEARNER | FINISHED | ADMIN | 20240713 |
+---------+------------+------------+-----------------+------------+-----------+----------+-------------+---------------+


显示当前表 t1 的 region 分布情况
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显示当前表 t1 的 region 分布情况
显示表 `t1` 当前的 Region 分布情况

```sql
SHOW TABLE DISTRIBUTION t1;
```

+---------+------------+----------------+----------+------------+-------------------+--------------------+-----------------+------------------+
| DB_NAME | TABLE_NAME | PARTITION_NAME | STORE_ID | STORE_TYPE | REGION_LEADER_NUM | REGION_LEADER_BYTE | REGION_PEER_NUM | REGION_PEER_BYTE |
+---------+------------+----------------+----------+------------+-------------------+--------------------+-----------------+------------------+
| db_1 | t1 | | 1 | TiKV | 315 | 24057934521 | 1087 | 86938746542 |
| db_1 | t1 | | 2 | TiKV | 324 | 28204839240 | 1104 | 91039476832 |
| db_1 | t1 | | 3 | TiKV | 319 | 25986274812 | 1091 | 89405367423 |
| db_1 | t1 | | 4 | TiKV | 503 | 41039587625 | 1101 | 90482317797 |
+---------+------------+----------------+----------+------------+-------------------+--------------------+-----------------+------------------+


## 注意事项

Distribute Table 语句重新调度 table 下的 region 也会受到 PD 中热点调度器的影响。 同时该任务会在均衡后退出,退出后该表的分布可能会
被被破坏。
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@qiancai qiancai Feb 6, 2025

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Distribute Table 语句重新调度 table 下的 region 也会受到 PD 中热点调度器的影响。 同时该任务会在均衡后退出,退出后该表的分布可能会
被被破坏。
`DISTRIBUTE TABLE` 语句在重新调度表中的 Region 时,可能会受到 PD 热点调度器的影响。调度完成后,随着时间推移,表的 Region 分布可能再次失衡。


## MySQL 兼容性
该语句是 TiDB 对 MySQL 语法的扩展。

## 另请参阅