Add remote_provider = "..." option, replacing scheme-look-ups #21228

Job	Run time
Classify changes	4s
Ensure PR has a category label	4s
Bootstrap Pants, test Rust (macOS11-x86_64)	23m 13s
Bootstrap Pants, test Rust (Linux-ARM64)	15m 19s
Bootstrap Pants, test and lint Rust (Linux-x86_64)	15m 35s
Build wheels (Linux-ARM64)	0s
Build wheels (Linux-x86_64)	0s
Build wheels (macOS11-ARM64)	0s
Build wheels (macOS10-15-x86_64)	0s
Test Python (Linux-ARM64)	2m 39s
Lint Python and Shell	2m 57s
Test Python (Linux-x86_64) Shard 0/10	16m 8s
Test Python (Linux-x86_64) Shard 2/10	15m 46s
Test Python (Linux-x86_64) Shard 1/10	14m 4s
Test Python (Linux-x86_64) Shard 3/10	13m 17s
Test Python (Linux-x86_64) Shard 4/10	22m 32s
Test Python (Linux-x86_64) Shard 5/10	11m 50s
Test Python (Linux-x86_64) Shard 6/10	9m 27s
Test Python (Linux-x86_64) Shard 8/10	11m 35s
Test Python (Linux-x86_64) Shard 7/10	14m 9s
Test Python (Linux-x86_64) Shard 9/10	9m 26s
Test Python (macOS11-x86_64)	10m 37s
Set Merge OK	1s
Merge OK	1s
	3h 28m 44s

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