config: use resolved exclude pattern

[ajafff]

PR checklist

• Addresses an existing issue: Add exclude section to configuration files. #2409 (comment)
• New feature, bugfix, or enhancement
  • Includes tests
• Documentation update

Overview of change:

Resolve the exclude patterns specified in tslint.json with the directory of the config file.
If /foo/tslint.json excludes baz.ts we only exclude /foo/baz.ts and still lint /foo/bar/baz.ts.

Is there anything you'd like reviewers to focus on?

This should definitely be merged before the v5.8.0 release to avoid breaking changes.

Globstar patterns are also resolved: **/*.d.ts becomes /dir/of/config/**/*.d.ts.
That might cause unexpected results when the config file is located somewhere else, e.g. the user home.

CHANGELOG.md entry: