feat(sdk-trace-base): add stack trace to operation on ended Span warning

[neilfordyce]

Which problem is this PR solving?

Fixes #5113

Short description of the changes

• Adds a stacktrace to "Cannot execute the operation on ended Span" warning log. This enables easier debugging to find source of faulty instrumentation.
• Addressing feedback from Improved logging mechanism for operations on ended spans, making it easier to trace issues in both Node.js and Browser environments #5113 #5184

Type of change

Please delete options that are not relevant.

• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)

How Has This Been Tested?

I tested this manually in a local dev env with some broken instrumentation follows which attempts to add an event after end() is called.

  tracer.startActiveSpan('childSpan', (childSpan) => {
    const promise = createPromise();
    return promise
      .then(() => {
        res.sendStatus(200);
      })
      .catch((err) => {
        childSpan.addEvent('error', err);
      })
      .finally(() => {
        childSpan.end();
        childSpan.addEvent("blaahhhh");   // THIS SHOULD NOT BE ADDED, SHOULD GENERATE WARNING STACKTRACE
      });
  }),

Which results in this warning, with a stack trace attached, pointing straight to the source of the probelm server/routes/index.js:119:19

Cannot execute the operation on ended Span {traceId: fc11e7b2830ee69cf134bf1c639da423, spanId: 0c387f3def287901} Error: Operation attempted on ended Span {traceId: fc11e7b2830ee69cf134bf1c639da423, spanId: 0c387f3def287901}
    at Span._isSpanEnded (/git/tracing/node-opentelemetry/node_modules/@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-base/build/src/Span.js:243:25)
    at Span.addEvent (/git/tracing/node-opentelemetry/node_modules/@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-base/build/src/Span.js:105:18)
    at /git/tracing/node-tracing-reference-app/packages/server/routes/index.js:119:19
    at <anonymous>

Checklist:

• Followed the style guidelines of this project
• Unit tests have been added
• Documentation has been updated

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 94.54%. Comparing base (3447582) to head (b484e2e).
Report is 3 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #5363   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   94.54%   94.54%           
=======================================
  Files         318      318           
  Lines        8051     8052    +1     
  Branches     1694     1694           
=======================================
+ Hits         7612     7613    +1     
  Misses        439      439           

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/src/Span.ts	97.63% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	⬆️

[pichlermarc]

Looks good, thank you 🙂