[chore] Add internal attribute package

[djaglowski]

This PR creates a new internal package which defines the correct set of attributes for each kind of component.

This is a subset of #12057 which is broken off in order to reduce the overall size of that PR. As such, this package will not actually be used until #12057 is merged.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 91.68%. Comparing base (0ece678) to head (242918c).
Report is 10 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #12073      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   91.67%   91.68%   +0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         455      456       +1     
  Lines       24038    24064      +26     
==========================================
+ Hits        22037    22064      +27     
  Misses       1629     1629              
+ Partials      372      371       -1     

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