[Encoding Extension] Added module outline (#23000)

**Description:**

Adding the required steps to help manage a new component and reduce the
amount of noise generated in one PR.

**Link to tracking Issue:** 

https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector/issues/6272

**Testing:** 
NA

**Documentation:**

Added the rough outline of the component development to provide more of
a public idea of the project outline.
Not strictly tied to it since it is more a user facing version of the
linked issue.

.github/CODEOWNERS

@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@ extension/asapauthextension/                             @open-telemetry/collect
 extension/awsproxy/                                      @open-telemetry/collector-contrib-approvers @Aneurysm9 @mxiamxia
 extension/basicauthextension/                            @open-telemetry/collector-contrib-approvers @jpkrohling @svrakitin
 extension/bearertokenauthextension/                      @open-telemetry/collector-contrib-approvers @jpkrohling @pavankrish123 @frzifus
+extension/encodingextension/                             @open-telemetry/collector-contrib-approvers @MovieStoreGuy
 extension/headerssetterextension/                        @open-telemetry/collector-contrib-approvers @jpkrohling @kovrus
 extension/healthcheckextension/                          @open-telemetry/collector-contrib-approvers @jpkrohling
 extension/httpforwarder/                                 @open-telemetry/collector-contrib-approvers @atoulme @rmfitzpatrick

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.yaml

@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@ body:
       - extension/awsproxy
       - extension/basicauth
       - extension/bearertokenauth
+      - extension/encoding
       - extension/headerssetter
       - extension/healthcheck
       - extension/httpforwarder

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.yaml

@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ body:
       - extension/awsproxy
       - extension/basicauth
       - extension/bearertokenauth
+      - extension/encoding
       - extension/headerssetter
       - extension/healthcheck
       - extension/httpforwarder

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/other.yaml

@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ body:
       - extension/awsproxy
       - extension/basicauth
       - extension/bearertokenauth
+      - extension/encoding
       - extension/headerssetter
       - extension/healthcheck
       - extension/httpforwarder

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -322,6 +322,11 @@ updates:
     schedule:
       interval: "weekly"
       day: "wednesday"
+  - package-ecosystem: "gomod"
+    directory: "/extension/encodingextension"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"
+      day: "wednesday"
   - package-ecosystem: "gomod"
     directory: "/extension/headerssetterextension"
     schedule:
@@ -1097,8 +1102,3 @@ updates:
     schedule:
       interval: "weekly"
       day: "wednesday"
-  - package-ecosystem: "gomod"
-    directory: "/receiver/statsdreceiver"
-    schedule:
-      interval: "weekly"
-      day: "wednesday"

extension/encodingextension/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+include ../../Makefile.Common

extension/encodingextension/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+# Encoding extension
+
+<!-- status autogenerated section -->
+| Status        |           |
+| ------------- |-----------|
+| Stability     | [development]  |
+| Distributions | [] |
+
+[development]: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector#development
+<!-- end autogenerated section -->
+
+The encoding extension allows for other components to reference ingress/egress data formats 
+to allow for simplified operability.
+
+_🚧 Under active development 🚧_
+
+## Component Milestones
+
+To help track what work needs to be done with this component, these are the currently active goals being 
+worked towards.
+
+### Development
+
+- CodecFactory: Allows other components to reference code by name and version
+- Codec: Defining the expected interface for a codec
+    - Length Delimited Codec: Used fixed length payloads to represent a collection of data that can be merged together
+- Add existing formats to the codec's libraries.
+- Add support to the following components
+    - `file receiver`
+    - `file exporter`
+    - `kafka receiver`
+    - `kafka exporter`
+    - `kinesis exporter`
+- Add codecs for open source formats, ie: `otlp`, `zipkin`, `jaeger`
+
+Component support will be behind a feature gate to avoid change in behavior
+
+### Alpha
+
+- Adopt vendor formats as codecs 
+- Transition feature gate to default to using encoding extension
+- Add dynamic mapping support for `avro`, `parquet`, and `gotemplate`
+    - Not fixed on these but I am aware that users are interested in these
+
+### Beta
+
+- Add support for remote schema management
+    - Using `AWS Glue`, `kafka schema registry`
+- Performance break down of difference codecs (static, dynamic, remote)
+    - This is more to help provide information to users to expected performance impact.
+
+### Stable
+
+- All features complete
+- Absent of bugs that impact core behaviours
+- Dependencies can also be marked as stable
+
+## Example configuration
+
+```yaml
+extensions:
+  encoding:
+
+receivers:
+  kafka:
+    encoding:
+      name:   zipkin/v1
+      format: proto
+    # ... other configuration values
+```
+
+[translators]: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/tree/main/pkg/translator

extension/encodingextension/doc.go

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+//go:generate mdatagen metadata.yml
+package encodingextension // import "github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/extension/encodingextension"

extension/encodingextension/go.mod

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+module github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/extension/encodingextension
+
+go 1.19
+
+require go.opentelemetry.io/collector/component v0.81.0
+
+require (
+	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 // indirect
+	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.3 // indirect
+	github.com/knadh/koanf v1.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/knadh/koanf/v2 v2.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/mitchellh/copystructure v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.5.1-0.20220423185008-bf980b35cac4 // indirect
+	github.com/mitchellh/reflectwalk v1.0.2 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/collector/config/configtelemetry v0.81.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/collector/confmap v0.81.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/collector/featuregate v1.0.0-rcv0013 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/collector/pdata v1.0.0-rcv0013 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.16.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.16.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.16.0 // indirect
+	go.uber.org/atomic v1.10.0 // indirect
+	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
+	go.uber.org/zap v1.24.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.11.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.9.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.10.0 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20230410155749-daa745c078e1 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.56.1 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.31.0 // indirect
+)