Controls Js

Controls JS Library

Controls JS is a JavaScript library that makes it easier to code controller mappings for Mixxx. It lets you focus more on your mapping and less on the details of how Mixxx works. It is centered around JavaScript objects called Controls that represent a physical component on a controller, such as a button, knob, encoder, or fader. Control provides generic functions that can be made to work for most use cases just by changing some attributes of the Control, without having to write many or any custom functions. The library also provides more specialized Controls for common use cases. Controls can be organized into ControlContainer objects, making it easy to iterate over them and change their behavior to switch between different modes.

To use the library, in the <scriptfiles> element at the top of your mapping's XML file, load the Lodash library and the Controls library:

<file filename="lodash.mixxx.js"/>
<file filename="midi-controls-0.0.js"/>

Controls JS uses a few functions from Lodash, which is why they both need to be loaded. Importing the midi-controls-0.0.js file makes the library accessible by an object called control (lower case).

This documentation is a work in progress. Not every capability of the library is fully documented yet. Refer to the source code of the library if in doubt.

Control

A Control represents a physical component on a controller, such as a button, knob, encoder, or fader. It encapsulates all the information needed to receive MIDI input from that component and send MIDI signals out to the controller to activate its LED(s). In general, you should not use Control directly; instead, use one of its subtypes (#Button, #Pot, or #Encoder).

Controls should generally be properties of a #ControlContainer object. Most Controls should be properties of a custom #Deck object, which is a derivative of ControlContainer.

Setup

The input function of each Control needs to be mapped to the incoming MIDI signals in the XML file. For example:

<control>
    <group>[Channel1]</group>
    <!-- MyController.leftDeck would be an instance of a custom Deck. -->
    <key>MyController.leftDeck.quantizeButton.input</key>
    <status>0x90</status>
    <midino>0x01</midino>
    <options>
        <script-binding/>
    </options>
</control>

In the future Mixxx will be able to register MIDI inputs from JavaScript, so that will not be necessary. The output does not need to be mapped in XML. It is handled by the library in JavaScript.

Create Controls by calling the constructor with JavaScript's "new" keyword. The Control constructor takes a single argument. This is an options object containing properties that get merged with the Control when it is created, making it easy to customize the functionality of the Control. Most Controls need at least these properties defined:

• midi (array with 2 numbers): the first two MIDI bytes that the controller sends/receives when the physical component changes state
• group (string): the group that both the inCo and outCo manipulate, for example '[Channel1]' for deck 1
• inCo (string): the Mixxx ControlObject that this JavaScript Control manipulates when it receives a MIDI input signal
• outCo (string): when this Mixxx ControlObject changes value, the output function will be called

For example:

var quantizeButton = new controls.Button({
    midi: [0x91, 0x01],
    group: '[Channel1]'
    inCo: 'quantize',
    outCo: 'quantize',
});

Methods

The following methods (in JavaScript, methods are just object properties that happen to be functions) must be defined for every Control, but in most cases the defaults will work so you do not need to define them yourself:

• input: the function that receives MIDI input
• output: the function that gets called when outCo changes value. Typically this sends MIDI output to the controller to change the state of an LED, but it can do anything.
• connect: register output as the callback function that gets executed when the value of group, outCo changes. Implement a custom function if you need to connect callbacks for multiple Mixxx ControlObjects in one Control. Refer to the source code of SamplerButton.prototype.connect for an example.

The following methods are called by the default Control input and output methods, as well as the default input functions of #Button, #Pot, and #RingEncoder. If you do not need to implement complex custom behavior, overwrite these instead of the default input and output methods:

• inValueScale: takes the third byte of the incoming MIDI signal as its first argument and returns the value to set group, inCo to
• outValueScale: takes the value of group, outCo as its first argument and returns the third byte of the outgoing MIDI signal

Each Control also has these methods that you probably should not overwrite:

• disconnect: disconnect the output function from being called when group, outCo changes
• trigger: manually call output with the same arguments as if group, outCo had changed
• send: send a 3 byte (short) MIDI message out to the controller. The first two bytes of the MIDI message are specified by the midi property. The third MIDI byte is provided as the first argument to the send function.
• inGetParameter: returns the value of group, inCo normalized to a 0-1 scale
• inSetParameter: sets the value of group, inCo to the function's first argument, normalized to a 0-1 scale
• inGetValue: returns the value of group, inCo
• inSetValue: sets the value of group, inCo to the function's first argument
• inToggle: sets group, inCo to its inverse (0 if it is >0; 1 if it is 0)
• outGetParameter: returns the value of group, outCo normalized to a 0-1 scale
• outSetParameter: sets the value of group, outCo to the function's first argument, normalized to a 0-1 scale
• outGetValue: returns the value of group, outCo
• outSetValue: sets the value of group, outCo to the function's first argument
• outToggle: sets group, outCo to its inverse (0 if it is >0; 1 if it is 0)

Shift layers

Controls can be used to manage alternate behaviors in different conditions. The most common use case for this is for shift buttons. For that case, assign functions to the shift and unshift properties that manipulate the Control appropriately. If you ever need to check whether a Control is in a shifted state, set its boolean isShifted property in your shift/unshift functions (in most cases this is not necessary). In some cases, using the shift/unshift functions to change the Control's inCo, outCo, or group properties will be sufficient. Refer to the source code for #HotcueButton for an example. In more complex cases, overwriting the input and output functions may be required. Refer to #SamplerButton and #EffectUnit for examples. To avoid redundancy (like typing the name of the inCo both as the inCo property and in the unshift function), the Control constructor will automatically call the unshift function if it exists. The shift and unshift functions of #ControlContainer will call the corresponding function of all the Controls within it that have that function defined and will recursively decend into ControlContainers that are properties of the parent ControlContainer.

Optional properties

The following properties can be specified in the options object passed to the Control constructor to customize the Control's initialization. Changing their value after creating the Control does not do anything.

• outConnect (boolean, default true): whether to call connect in the constructor (assuming group and outCo were specified in the options object)
• outTrigger (boolean, default true): whether to call trigger in the constructor (assuming group and outCo were specified in the options object)

Some controllers send and receive two sets of MIDI signals for most physical components, one for when the shift button is pressed and one for when the shift button is not pressed. To avoid defining two Controls for every physical component of your controller, set the following options as appropriate:

• sendShifted (boolean, default false): whether to send a second, shifted MIDI message for every call to send
• shiftChannel (boolean, default false): whether the shifted MIDI message changes the MIDI channel (second nybble of the first byte of the MIDI signal)
• shiftControl (boolean, default false): whether the shifted MIDI message changes the MIDI control number (second byte) of the MIDI signal
• shiftOffset (number, default 0): how much to shift the MIDI channel or control number by

To avoid having to define those properties for every Control, you can change the properties of controls.Control.prototype in your controller's init function. For example:

controls.Control.prototype.shiftOffset = 3;
controls.Control.prototype.shiftChannel = true;
controls.Control.prototype.sendShifted = true;

Syntactic sugar

Controls JS provides convenient shortcuts for common situations. If inCo and outCo are the same, you can specify co in the options object for the constructor to set both inCo and outCo. For example:

var quantizeButton = new controls.Button({
    midi: [0x91, 0x01],
    group: '[Channel1]'
    co: 'quantize'
});

Setting the co property after calling the constructor will not automatically set inCo and outCo; you would need to do that manually if necessary.

To avoid typing out the group for the constructor of each Control, Controls that share a group can be part of a ControlContainer and the ControlContainer's reconnectControls method can assign the group to all of them. Refer to the #Deck ControlContainer documentation for an example.

If a Control only needs its midi property specified for its constructor, this can be provided simply as an array without wrapping it in an object. For example:

var playButton = new controls.PlayButton([0x90 + channel, 0x0A]);

instead of

var playButton = new controls.PlayButton({
    midi: [0x90 + channel, 0x0A]
});

Button

A Button is a subtype of Control for buttons/pads.

For example:

var quantize = new controls.Button({
    midi: [0x91, 0x01],
    group: '[Channel1]',
    co: 'quantize',
});

Button's input function toggles the value of group, inCo when the button is pressed, but not when the button is released. For buttons that toggle inCo when they are pressed and released, set the onlyOnPress property to false. For example:

var tempSlow = new controls.Button({
    midi: [0x91, 0x44],
    inCo: 'rate_temp_down',
    onlyOnPress: false,
});

Button's output function sends the value of the on property as the third MIDI byte when outCo > 0 and off when outCo <= 0. By default, on is 127 (0x7F) and off is 0. For buttons/pads with multicolor LEDs, you can change the color of the LED by defining the on and off properties to be the MIDI value to send for that state. For example, if the LED turns red when sent a MIDI value of 127 and blue when sent a value of 126:

MyController.padColors = {
    red: 127,
    blue: 126
};
MyController.quantize = new controls.Button({
    midi: [0x91, 0x01],
    group: '[Channel1]',
    co: 'quantize',
    on: MyController.padColors.red,
    off: MyController.padColors.blue,
});

Derivative Buttons are provided for many common use cases, documented in the subsections below. These make it easy to map those kinds of buttons without having to worry about particularities of Mixxx's ControlObjects. The PlayButton, SyncButton, HotcueButton, and SamplerButton objects also provide alternate functionality for when a shift button is pressed. To use these, you only need to specify their midi and group properties, except for HotcueButton and SamplerButton.

By default, Button works for controllers that send MIDI messages with a different 3rd byte of the MIDI message (value) to indicate the button being pressed/released, with the first two bytes (status and control) remaining the same for both press and release. If your controller sends separate MIDI note on/off messages with a button press indicated by the first nybble (hexadecimal digit) of the first (status) byte being 9 and a button release by the first nybble being 8, in your script's init function, set control.Button.prototype.separateNoteOnOff = true; and map both the note on and off messages in XML to the Button object's input property.

PlayButton

Default behavior: play/pause
Shift behavior: go to start of track and stop

LED behavior depends on cue mode selected by the user in the preferences Refer to the manual for details.

CueButton

Behavior depends on cue mode configured by the user in the preferences
Refer to the manual for details.

SyncButton

Default behavior: momentary sync without toggling sync lock
Shift behavior: toggle sync lock (master sync)

LoopToggleButton

Toggle a loop on/off

HotcueButton

Default behavior: set hotcue if it is not set. If it is set, jump to it.
Shift behavior: delete hotcue

The LED indicates whether the hotcue is set.

Pass the number of the hotcue as the number property of the options argument for the constructor. For example:

var hotcues = [];
for (var i = 1; i <= 8; i++) {
    hotcues[i] = new controls.HotcueButton({
        number: i,
        group: '[Channel1]',
        midi: [0x91, 0x26 + i],
    });
}

SamplerButton

Default behavior: Press the button to load the track selected in the library into an empty sampler. Press a loaded sampler to play it from its cue point. Press again while playing to jump back to the cue point.
Shift behavior: If the sampler is playing, stop it. If the sampler is stopped, eject it.

Specify the sampler number as the number property of the object passed to the constructor. There is no need to manually specify the group. For example:

var samplerButtons = [];
for (var n = 1; n <= 8; n++) {
    samplerButtons[n] = new controls.SamplerButton({
        number: n,
        midi: [0x91, 0x02],
    });
)};

When the sampler is loaded, the LED will be sent a MIDI message with the value of the on property (default 127) When the sampler is empty, the LED will be sent a MIDI message with the value of the off property (default 0). If your controller's pads have multicolor LEDs, specify the value to send for a different LED color with the playing property to set the LED to a different color while the sampler is playing. For example:

MyController.padColors = {
// These values are just examples, consult the MIDI documentation from your controller's
// manufacturer to find the values for your controller. If that information is not available,
// guess and check to find the values.
    red: 125,
    blue: 126,
    purple: 127,
    off: 0
};
var samplerButton = [];
var samplerButton[1] = new controls.SamplerButton(
    midi: [0x91, 0x02],
    number: 1,
    on: MyController.padColors.blue,
    playing: MyController.padColors.red,
    // off is inherited from Button.prototype
)};

Pot

A Pot is a Control subtype for potentiometers (faders and knobs) with finite ranges, although it can be adapted for infintely turning encoders. Pot's connect and disconnect methods take care of soft takeover when switching layers with ControlContainer's reconnectControls or applyLayer methods. Soft takeover is not activated until the first input signal is received, so it does not interfere with setting initial values for controllers that can report that information.

Encoder

Encoder is a Control for infinitely turning encoders. The default input function assumes the encoder sends MIDI signals on a continous scale from 0 to 127 (0x7F). If the encoder sends relative MIDI signals to indicate whether it turns right or left, you will need to define your own input function. For example, for an encoder that sends a value of 1 when it is turned left and a value of 127 when it is turned right:

MyController.SomeEncoder = new control.Encoder({
    midi: [0xB1, 0x03],
    group: '[Channel1]',
    inCo: 'pregain',
    input: function (channel, control, value, status, group) {
        if (value === 1) {
            this.setParameterIn(this.getParameterIn() - .05);
        } else if (value === 127) {
            this.setParameterIn(this.getParameterIn() + .05);
        }
    },
});

To map an Encoder with an LED ring around it that receives MIDI signals on a continuous 0-127 scale, define an outCo property in the options object for the constructor. Similar to input, if the LEDs do not respond to a continuous 0-127 scale, define your own output function. If outCo and inCo are the same, you can just specify one co property for the constructor.

Encoders can often be pushed like a button. Usually, it is best to use a separate Button Control to handle the MIDI signals from pushing it.

ControlContainer

A ControlContainer is an object that contains Controls as properties. It has methods to help iterate over those Controls:

• forEachControl: Iterate over all Controls in this ControlContainer and perform an operation on them. The operation is a function provided as the first argument to forEachControl. The operation function takes each Control as its first argument. In the context of the operation function, this refers to the ControlContainer. forEachControl iterates recursively through the Controls in any ControlContainers that are properties of this ControlContainer. If you do not want forEachControl to operate recursively, pass false as the second argument to forEachControl.
• reconnectControls: Disconnect and reconnect output callbacks for each Control. Optionally perform an operation on each Control between disconnecting and reconnecting the output callbacks. Arguments are the same as forEachControl.
• shift: Call each Control's shift method if it exists. This iterates recursively on any Controls in ControlContainers that are properties of this ControlContainer, so there is no need to call shift on each child ControlContainer. This function takes no arguments.
• unshift: same as shift, but call each Control's unshift method
• applyLayer: Activate a new layer of functionality. Layers are merely objects with properties to overwrite the properties of the Controls within this ControlContainer. Layer objects are deeply merged. If a new layer does not define a property for a Control, the Control's old property will be retained.

In the most common case, for providing alternate functionality when a shift button is pressed, using applyLayer is likely overcomplicated and may be slow. Use shift/unshift instead. applyLayer may be useful for cycling through more than two alternate layers.

For example:

someControlContainer.applyLayer({
    someButton: { inCo: 'alternate inCo' },
    anotherButton: { outCo: 'alternate outCo' }
});

By default, applyLayer disconnects old layer's output callbacks and the new layer's output callbacks are connected. To avoid this behavior, which would be desirable if you are not changing any output functionality, pass false as the second argument to applyLayer.

Deck

Deck is a #ControlContainer with methods for conveniently changing the group attributes of contained Controls to switch the deck that a set of Controls is manipulating. The setCurrentDeck method takes the new deck as a string and sets the Controls' group property appropriately, including for equalizer knobs and QuickEffect (filter) knobs.

The Deck constructor takes one argument, which is an array of deck numbers to cycle through with the toggle method. Typically this will be [1, 3] or [2, 4].

To map your own controller, create a custom derivative of Deck and create instances of your custom Deck objects in your controller's init function. Use a constructor function to create all the Controls you need for your particular controller and assign your custom derivative's prototype to controls.Deck. For example:

MyController.init = function () {
    this.leftDeck = new MyController.Deck([1, 2]);
    this.rightDeck = new MyController.Deck([2, 4]);
};
MyController.Deck = function (deckNumbers, midiChannel) {
    // Call the Deck constructor to setup the currentDeck and deckNumbers properties.
    controls.Deck.call(this, deckNumbers);
    this.playButton = new PlayButton([0x90 + midiChannel, 0x01]);
    this.CueButton = new CueButton([0x90 + midiChannel, 0x02]);
    this.hotcueButtons = [];
    for (var i = 1; i <= 8; i++) {
        this.hotcueButtons[i] = new HotcueButton({
            midi: [0x90 + midiChannel, 0x10 + i],
            number: i
        });
    }
    // ... define as many other Controls as necessary ...

    // Set the group properties of the above Controls and connect their output callback functions
    // Without this, the group property for each Control would have to be specified to its
    // constructor.
    this.reconnectControls(function (c) {
        if (c.group === undefined) {
            // 'this' inside a function passed to reconnectControls refers to the ControlContainer.
            c.group = this.currentDeck;
        }
    });
};
MyController.Deck.prototype = new controls.Deck();

EffectUnit

EffectUnit is a #ControlContainer that contains Controls designed to be mapped to the common arrangement of 4 knobs and 4 buttons for controlling effects. If your controller's effects section has fewer components, the EffectUnit object provided by Controls JS probably will not be very helpful. You may want to read the source code for the library's EffectUnit to get an idea for how to map your controller though.

3 knobs are used for controlling effect metaknobs or parameters, depending on whether the effects' parameters are shown. The other knob is used for the dry/wet knob of the whole chain or the superknob when shift is pressed. 3 buttons are used for enabling effects and the other button toggles the effect unit between hiding and showing effect parameters. The Controls provided are:

• dryWetKnob (#Pot)
• showParametersButton (#Button)
• enableButtons[1-3] (#ControlContainer of #Buttons)
• knobs[1-3] (#ControlContainer of #Pots)
• enableOnChannelButtons (#ControlContainer of #Buttons)

When the effect unit is showing the metaknobs of the effects but not each parameter, the knobs control the metaknobs. The enableButtons control whether each effect is enabled. Pressing an enableButton with shift switches to the next available effect.

When the effect unit is showing all the parameters, the knobs behave differently depending on whether an effect is focused. When there is no focused effect (the default state), the knobs control the effect metaknobs like they do when parameters are not showing. When an effect is focused, the knobs control the first 3 parameters of the focused effect. An effect can be focused by pressing shift + its enableButton or clicking the focus button on screen. Pressing shift + the enableButton for the focused effect again unfocuses the effect.

The enableOnChannelButtons allow assigning the effect unit to different channels and are named after the Mixxx channel they affect. Not all controllers have buttons to map these. The following Buttons are provided by default:

• Channel1
• Channel2
• Channel3
• Channel4
• Headphones
• Master
• Microphone
• Auxiliary1

You can easily add more, for example for additional microphones, auxiliary inputs, or samplers by calling enableOnChannelButtons.addButton('CHANNEL_NAME') (do not put brackets around the CHANNEL_NAME).

Setup

To map an EffectUnit for your controller, call the constructor with the unit number of the effect unit as the only argument. Then, set the midi attributes for the showParametersButton, enableButtons[1-3], and optionally enableOnChannelButtons. After the midi attributes are set up, call the EffectUnit's init method to set up the output callbacks. For example:

MyController.effectUnit = new controls.EffectUnit(1);
MyController.effectUnit.enableButtons[1].midi = [0x90, 0x01];
MyController.effectUnit.enableButtons[2].midi = [0x90, 0x02];
MyController.effectUnit.enableButtons[3].midi = [0x90, 0x03];
MyController.effectUnit.knobs[1].midi = [0xB0, 0x01];
MyController.effectUnit.knobs[2].midi = [0xB0, 0x02];
MyController.effectUnit.knobs[3].midi = [0xB0, 0x03];
MyController.effectUnit.dryWetKnob.midi = [0xB0, 0x04];
MyController.effectUnit.showParametersButton.midi = [0x90, 0x04];
MyController.effectUnit.enableOnChannelButtons.Channel1 = [0x90, 0x05];
MyController.effectUnit.enableOnChannelButtons.Channel2 = [0x90, 0x06];
MyController.effectUnit.init();

Controllers designed for Serato and Rekordbox often have an encoder instead of a dry/wet knob (labeled "Beats" for Serato or "Release FX" for Rekordbox) and a button labeled "Tap". If the encoder sends a MIDI signal when pushed, it is recommended to map the encoder push to the EffectUnit's showParametersButton, otherwise map that to the "Tap" button. To use the dryWetKnob Pot with an encoder, replace its input function with a function that can appropriately handle the signals sent by your controller. Refer to the #Encoder documentation for an example.

For the shift functionality to work, the shift button of your controller must be mapped to a function that calls the shift/unshift methods of the EffectUnit on button press/release. If the EffectUnit is a property of another #ControlContainer (for example a #Deck), calling shift and unshift on the parent ControlContainer will recursively call it on the EffectUnit too (just like it will for any other ControlContainer).