[adios2] Add zfp feature

[moritz-h]

Add zfp feature to the adios2 port.
The latest adios2 (stable) release wants zfp 0.5.1, but the vcpkg zfp port is already at 1.0, therefore, backport zfp 1.0 support as patch (see ornladios/ADIOS2#3312 and ornladios/ADIOS2#3303 (comment)).
There is a release candidate available for the next adios2 version supporting zfp 1.0 directly. But the next adios2 version also uses Blosc2 instead of Blosc, and the current Blosc port is still at 1.x (I don't know how big this update will be, but there are a few other ports requiring it). And I'm unsure if you generally want release candidates in ports in vcpkg.
Therefore, I think patching zfp 1.0 support seems to be the simplest option for now.

• Changes comply with the maintainer guide
• SHA512s are updated for each updated download
• The "supports" clause reflects platforms that may be fixed by this new version
• Any fixed CI baseline entries are removed from that file.
• Any patches that are no longer applied are deleted from the port's directory.
• The version database is fixed by rerunning ./vcpkg x-add-version --all and committing the result.
• Only one version is added to each modified port's versions file.

[JonLiu1993]

Feature zfp tested successfully in the following triplet:

• x86-windows
• x64-windows
• x64-windows-static
• x64-linux