Software Engineer Backend Roadmap

Backend engineer roadmap from zero to one.

• ⭐ (Beginner)
• ❄️ (Intermediate)
• 🔥 (Advanced)

Table of Contents

1. Big O(n) Notation
2. Algorithm
3. Data Structure
4. Software Architecture
5. Programming Language
6. Database
7. Protocol
8. Test
9. Distributed System
10. DevOps
11. Security
12. Bonus

Big O(n) Notation

1. O(1) ⭐
2. O(n) ⭐
3. O(log n) 🔥
4. O(n log n) 🔥
5. O(n^2) ⭐

Algorithm

1. Recursion ⭐
2. Search
   • Linear Search ⭐
   • Binary Search ⭐
   • Tree Traversal ⭐
3. Sort
   • Bubble Sort ⭐
   • Quick Sort ❄️
   • Merge Sort ❄️
4. Sliding Window ❄️
   • Longest Substring Without Repeating Characters - Leetcode 3 - Python
5. Two Pointer ❄️
   • Two Sum - Leetcode 1 - HashMap - Python
   • Two Sum II - Amazon Coding Interview Question - Leetcode 167 - Python
6. Greedy 🔥
   • Jump Game - Greedy - Leetcode 55
   • Jump Game II - Greedy - Leetcode 45 - Python
7. BFS & DFS 🔥
   • Binary Tree Maximum Path Sum - DFS - Leetcode 124 - Python
8. Dynamic Programming 🔥
   • Triangle - Dynamic Programming made Easy - Leetcode 120
9. Backtracking 🔥
   • Combinations - Leetcode 77 - Python

Data Structure

1. Array ⭐
2. LinkedList ⭐
   • Single LinkedList
   • Double LinkedList
   • Circular LinkedList
3. Stack ⭐
4. Queue ⭐
5. Tree ❄️
   • Tree
   • Binary Tree
   • Binary Search Tree
   • Heap
6. Graph 🔥
7. Hash 🔥
8. Bloom Filters 🔥
   • Bloom Filters | Algorithms You Should Know #2 | Real-world Examples
   • Bloom Filters Explained by Example

Software Architecture

1. Paradigm ⭐
   • Object Oriented Programming
     • Encaptulation
     • Abstraction
     • Inheritance
     • Polymorphism
   • Functional Programming
2. Principle ❄️
   • SOLID Principle
   • Clean Architecture
3. Design Pattern 🔥
   • Creational
     • Factory
     • Builder
     • Singleton
     • Prototype
   • Behavioral
     • Observer
     • Iterator
     • Strategy
     • Command
   • Structural
     • Adapter
     • Facade
     • Bridge
     • Composite
4. Architecture
   • Concurrencies & Parallelism 🔥
     • Concurrency vs Parallelism
   • Multithreading & Multiprocessing 🔥
     • Asynchronous vs Multithreading and Multiprocessing Programming (The Main Difference)

Programming Language

1. Golang

   • Basic syntax ⭐
     • Struct
     • Pointer
     • Defer Recover
   • I/O
     • Reader ⭐
     • Writer ⭐
     • Stream 🔥
   • Concurrency
     • Goroutine ⭐
     • Channel ❄️
     • Select ❄️
     • Sync Package ❄️
       • Wait group
       • Mutex
   • Low Level 🔥
     • Garbage collector
     • Context switching
     • Go runtime scheduler
     • Goroutine queues
     • Stealing work

2. NodeJS

   • Basic syntax ⭐
     • Closure
     • Interpolation
   • I/O
     • Reader ⭐
     • Writer ⭐
     • Stream 🔥
   • Concurrency
     • Promise ⭐
     • Clustering 🔥
     • Child process 🔥
   • Low Level 🔥
     • Event queue
     • Event loop
     • Thread pool
     • Callback
     • Promise

Database

1. Principle ❄️
   • ACID Principle
     • ACID Transactions
     • Relational Database ACID Transactions (Explained by Example)
   • CAP Theorem
     • Friendly Intro To the CAP Theorem (Consistency vs Availability vs Partition Tolerance)
2. Transaction Isolation Level ❄️
   • Serializable
   • Repeateble Read
   • Read Commited
   • Read Uncommited
3. Optimization
   • Indexing 🔥
     • B tree
       • B Trees and B+ Trees. How they are useful in Databases
     • B+ tree
       • The Difference Between B-trees and B+trees
     • LSM tree
       • The Secret Sauce Behind NoSQL: LSM Tree
       • How databases scale writes: The power of the log
   • Replication ❄️
   • Sharding 🔥
     • Type
       • Logical
       • Physical
     • Strategy
       • Algorithmic
       • Dynamic
     • Hash
       • Basic Hashing
       • Geo Hashing
       • Consistent Hashing
4. Type
   • SQL ⭐
     • Postgres
     • MySQL
   • No SQL 🔥
     • MongoDb
     • Elastic Search
     • Cassandra
     • Scylla
   • Memory ⭐
     • Redis
     • Memcached
   • Distributed 🔥
     • Debezium

Protocol

1. TCP / UDP ❄️
   • TCP vs UDP Crash Course
2. HTTP ⭐
   • What happens when you type a URL into your browser?
   • HTTP/1 to HTTP/2 to HTTP/3
3. Rest API ⭐
   • REST API Interview Questions (Beginner Level)
   • REST API Interview Questions (Advanced Level)
4. Grpc ❄️
   • What is RPC? gRPC Introduction.
5. Websocket 🔥
6. Graphql ❄️
7. Webhook ❄️
8. Sftp ⭐

Distributed System

1. Pattern ❄️
   • Ambassador
     • Kubernetes Envoy
   • Circuit Breaker
   • CQRS
   • Event Sourcing
   • Leader Election
     • Zookeper
   • Sharding
2. Microservices
   • Monolith ⭐
   • API Driven ⭐
   • Event Driven 🔥
     • Stream
       • Kafka
       • Flink
         • Apache Kafka and Flink: Stateful Streaming Data Pipelines made easy with SQL
       • Spark
     • Queue
       • Rabbit MQ
3. Database 🔥
   • CAP theorem
     • CAP Theorem Simplified
     • CAP Theorem for System Design Interviews
   • Eventually Consistency
   • Connection Pool
4. Race Condition 🔥
   • Optimistic Locking
   • Pessimistic Locking
5. Load Balancer ❄️
   • Round robin
   • Worker pool
6. Thorttling 🔥
   • Rate Limiter
   • Circuit Breaker
7. Fusing 🔥
   • Request Coalescing
   • Idempotency
   • Batch Processing
8. Logging ⭐
   • Datadog
   • Logstash
9. Monitoring & Alerting 🔥
   • Prometheus
   • Grafana
   • Pyroscope
10. Tracking 🔥
    • Open Telemetry
    • Zipkin
    • Jeager

Test

1. Unit Test ⭐
2. Functional Test
3. Integration Test ⭐

DevOps

1. Scaling ⭐
   • Vertical
   • Horizontal
2. Load Balancer ⭐
3. CDN (Content Delivery Network) ⭐
4. TCP ⭐
5. IP Address ⭐
6. DNS ⭐
7. Proxy & Reverse Proxy ⭐
   • Proxy vs Reverse Proxy (Real-world Examples
   • Proxies | System Design Tutorials | Part 4 | 2020
8. SSL, TLS, HTTPS ❄️
   • SSL, TLS, HTTPS Explained
   • Transport Layer Security, TLS 1.2 and 1.3 (Explained by Example)
   • What are SSL/TLS Certificates? Why do we Need them? and How do they Work?
9. Container
   • Docker ⭐
   • Kubernetes 🔥
10. CI/CD
    • Jenkins ❄️
11. Ops 🔥
    • Git flow
12. Serverless 🔥

Security

1. Authentication ⭐
2. Authorization ⭐
3. Oauth2 ⭐
4. CSRF ⭐
5. XSS ⭐
6. Validation ⭐
7. Encryption ❄️
   • Symmetrical vs asymmetrical Encryption Pros and Cons by Example

Bonus

1. System Design
   • Uber System Design | Ola System Design | System Design Interview Question - Grab, Lyft
   • Basic System Design for Uber or Lyft | System Design Interview Prep
   • Design Twitter - System Design Interview
   • System Design for Twitter (Timeline, Live Updates, Tweeting) | System Design Interview Prep
   • Designing INSTAGRAM: System Design of News Feed
   • Facebook System Design | Instagram System Design | System Design Interview Question
2. Behavioral
   • References
     • Amazon Behavioral Interview Questions | Leadership Principles Explained
     • Cracking the Behavioral Interview for Software Developers
     • Most Tech Interview Prep is GARBAGE. (From a Principal Engineer at Amazon)
   • Summaries
     • Tell me about yourself
     • How persuade someone
     • Simple solution to a complex problem
     • Challanging project
     • Failed at work
     • Difficult decision
     • Resolve conflict with team
     • Why interest in company
     • What you recently learn

Contributing

Your contributions are always welcome.

License