An out-of-the-box jenkins with suggested plugins installed that allows following the phoenix pattern.
Requirements: docker, docker-compose
$ docker-compose up -d
Username: admin Password: admin
Managing Jenkins so that it doesn't become a snowflake is hard. This approach is to version the jenkins_home, make changes locally, then commit to source. Afterwards, the image can be rebuild & run through a pipeline.
Add the job using the GUI
Consider defining Pipeline jobs that pull a Jenkinsfile from source. That way, job configuration doesn't need to be versioned here.
Install new plugins using admin menu, then run:
$ ./pull-plugins.sh
to extract them from the running instance. Then commit & rebuild.