Switch from build_runtime.sh to inlined CMake commands. (#18162)

I'm trying to reduce the number of scripts that we have in
[`build_tools/cmake/`](https://github.com/iree-org/iree/tree/main/build_tools/cmake),
so changes like #17996 will be
easier to make with confidence.

This makes the `build_test_runtime` CI job no longer depend on these
scripts:
*
[`build_tools/cmake/build_runtime.sh`](https://github.com/iree-org/iree/blob/main/build_tools/cmake/build_runtime.sh)
* After this, the last use will be deleted in
#18144
*
[`build_tools/cmake/setup_build.sh`](https://github.com/iree-org/iree/blob/main/build_tools/cmake/setup_build.sh)
*
[`build_tools/cmake/setup_ccache.sh`](https://github.com/iree-org/iree/blob/main/build_tools/cmake/setup_ccache.sh)

These layers of scripts made it somewhat easier to have CI workflows
just run scripts, but the scripts grew branches over time that obscured
what was actually running. In many cases the commands are quite simple
and can just be inlined.

Other ideas for simplification:
* Use https://github.com/marketplace/actions/get-cmake to install Ninja
across platforms (with caching)
* Use https://github.com/marketplace/actions/run-cmake together with
CMake presets ("configure"/"build"/"test", possibly also "workflow")
* Reduce reliance on
[`build_tools/cmake/ctest_all.sh`](https://github.com/iree-org/iree/blob/main/build_tools/cmake/ctest_all.sh)
- that excludes some tests based on platform (e.g. Windows) and adds
exclude labels for tests that need special hardware (e.g. GPUs), but
ideally `ctest` would work out of the box without such a script

ci-exactly: build_test_runtime

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -168,11 +168,6 @@ jobs:
             runs-on: macos-14
     env:
       BUILD_DIR: build-runtime
-      BUILD_PRESET: test
-      IREE_READ_REMOTE_CCACHE: 0
-      IREE_WRITE_REMOTE_CCACHE: 0
-      IREE_READ_LOCAL_CCACHE: 1
-      IREE_WRITE_LOCAL_CCACHE: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.write-caches }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.7
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v5.1.0
@@ -195,18 +190,29 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Checkout runtime submodules
         run: bash ./build_tools/scripts/git/update_runtime_submodules.sh
-
+      - name: Install Python requirements
+        run: pip install -r ./runtime/bindings/python/iree/runtime/build_requirements.txt
       - name: ccache
         uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2
         with:
           key: ${{ github.job }}-${{ matrix.name }}
           save: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.write-caches == 1 }}
-
-      - name: Install Python requirements
-        run: pip install -r ./runtime/bindings/python/iree/runtime/build_requirements.txt
-      - name: Build runtime
-        run: bash ./build_tools/cmake/build_runtime.sh "${BUILD_DIR}"
-      - name: Test runtime
+      - name: CMake - configure
+        run: |
+          cmake \
+            -G Ninja \
+            -B ${BUILD_DIR} \
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RelWithDebInfo \
+            -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER_LAUNCHER=ccache \
+            -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_LAUNCHER=ccache \
+            -DIREE_BUILD_COMPILER=OFF \
+            -DIREE_BUILD_PYTHON_BINDINGS=ON \
+            -DIREE_BUILD_SAMPLES=ON \
+            -DIREE_ENABLE_LLD=ON \
+            -DIREE_ENABLE_ASSERTIONS=ON
+      - name: CMake - build
+        run: cmake --build ${BUILD_DIR} -- -k 0
+      - name: CTest
         run: bash ./build_tools/cmake/ctest_all.sh "${BUILD_DIR}"
 
   small_runtime: