loki_out: add stuctured_metadata_map_keys

* Adds stuctured_metadata_map_keys config to dynamically populate stuctured_metadata from a map
* Add docker-compose to test loki backend

Signed-off-by: Greg Eales <0x006EA1E5@gmail.com>

docker_compose/loki-grafana-structured_metadata_map/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+### Description
+
+This directory has a docker-compose file and its
+configuration required to run:
+
+1) A fluentbit installation with a dummy input, and Loki output configured for `structured_metadata_map_keys`
+3) A Loki installation 
+4) A grafana installation with a default Loki datasource
+
+To run this, execute:
+
+$ docker-compose up --force-recreate -d

docker_compose/loki-grafana-structured_metadata_map/config/fluent-bit_loki_out-structured_metadata_map.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+service:
+  log_level: debug
+
+pipeline:
+  inputs:
+    - name: dummy
+      tag: logs
+      dummy: |
+        {
+          "message": "simple log generated",
+          "logger": "my.logger",
+          "level": "INFO",
+          "hostname": "localhost",
+          "my_map_of_attributes_1": {
+            "key_1": "hello, world!",
+            "key_2": "goodbye, world!"
+          },
+          "my_map_of_maps_1": {
+            "root_key": {
+              "sub_key_1": "hello, world!",
+              "sub_key_2": "goodbye, world!"
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+  outputs:
+    - name: loki
+      match: logs
+      host: loki
+      remove_keys: hostname,my_map_of_attributes_1,my_map_of_maps_1
+      label_keys: $level,$logger
+      labels: service_name=test
+      structured_metadata: $hostname
+      structured_metadata_map_keys: $my_map_of_attributes_1,$my_map_of_maps_1['root_key']
+      line_format: key_value
+      drop_single_key: on

docker_compose/loki-grafana-structured_metadata_map/config/grafana/provisioning/datasources/datasource.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# config file version
+apiVersion: 1
+
+# list of datasources that should be deleted from the database
+deleteDatasources:
+  - name: Prometheus
+    orgId: 1
+
+# list of datasources to insert/update depending
+# whats available in the database
+datasources:
+  - name: Loki
+    type: loki
+    access: proxy
+    orgId: 1
+    url: http://loki:3100
+    basicAuth: false
+    isDefault: true
+    version: 1
+    editable: false

docker_compose/loki-grafana-structured_metadata_map/config/loki-config.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+auth_enabled: false
+
+server:
+  http_listen_port: 3100
+  grpc_listen_port: 9096
+
+common:
+  instance_addr: 127.0.0.1
+  path_prefix: /tmp/loki
+  storage:
+    filesystem:
+      chunks_directory: /tmp/loki/chunks
+      rules_directory: /tmp/loki/rules
+  replication_factor: 1
+  ring:
+    kvstore:
+      store: inmemory
+
+query_range:
+  results_cache:
+    cache:
+      embedded_cache:
+        enabled: true
+        max_size_mb: 100
+
+schema_config:
+  configs:
+    - from: 2020-10-24
+      store: tsdb
+      object_store: filesystem
+      schema: v13
+      index:
+        prefix: index_
+        period: 24h
+
+ruler:
+  alertmanager_url: http://localhost:9093
+
+# By default, Loki will send anonymous, but uniquely-identifiable usage and configuration
+# analytics to Grafana Labs. These statistics are sent to https://stats.grafana.org/
+#
+# Statistics help us better understand how Loki is used, and they show us performance
+# levels for most users. This helps us prioritize features and documentation.
+# For more information on what's sent, look at
+# https://github.com/grafana/loki/blob/main/pkg/analytics/stats.go
+# Refer to the buildReport method to see what goes into a report.
+#
+# If you would like to disable reporting, uncomment the following lines:
+#analytics:
+#  reporting_enabled: false
+limits_config:
+  allow_structured_metadata: true
+  volume_enabled: true

docker_compose/loki-grafana-structured_metadata_map/docker-compose.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+services:
+  fluentbit:
+    image: fluent/fluent-bit:latest
+    depends_on:
+      - loki
+    container_name: fluentbit
+    command: /fluent-bit/bin/fluent-bit -c /etc/fluent-bit_loki_out-structured_metadata_map.yaml
+    ports:
+      - 2021:2021
+    networks:
+      - loki-network
+    volumes:
+      - ./config/fluent-bit_loki_out-structured_metadata_map.yaml:/etc/fluent-bit_loki_out-structured_metadata_map.yaml
+
+  grafana:
+    image: grafana/grafana:11.4.0
+    depends_on:
+      - loki
+      - fluentbit
+    ports:
+      - 3000:3000
+    volumes:
+      - ./config/grafana/provisioning:/etc/grafana/provisioning
+    networks:
+      - loki-network
+    environment:
+      - GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_PASSWORD=admin
+
+  loki:
+    image: grafana/loki:2.9.2
+    command: -config.file=/etc/loki/loki-config.yaml
+    networks:
+      - loki-network
+    ports:
+      - 3100:3100
+    volumes:
+      - ./config/loki-config.yaml:/etc/loki/loki-config.yaml
+
+networks:
+  loki-network:
+    driver: bridge

plugins/out_loki/loki.c

@@ -298,6 +298,13 @@ static void flb_loki_kv_exit(struct flb_loki *ctx)
     mk_list_foreach_safe(head, tmp, &ctx->structured_metadata_list) {
         kv = mk_list_entry(head, struct flb_loki_kv, _head);
 
+        /* unlink and destroy */
+        mk_list_del(&kv->_head);
+        flb_loki_kv_destroy(kv);
+    }
+    mk_list_foreach_safe(head, tmp, &ctx->structured_metadata_map_keys_list) {
+        kv = mk_list_entry(head, struct flb_loki_kv, _head);
+
         /* unlink and destroy */
         mk_list_del(&kv->_head);
         flb_loki_kv_destroy(kv);
@@ -416,6 +423,94 @@ static void pack_kv(struct flb_loki *ctx,
     }
 }
 
+/*
+ * Similar to pack_kv above, except will only use msgpack_objects of type
+ * MSGPACK_OBJECT_MAP, and will iterate over the keys adding each entry as a
+ * separate item. Non-string map values are serialised to JSON, as Loki requires
+ * all values to be strings.
+*/
+static void pack_maps(struct flb_loki *ctx,
+                        msgpack_packer *mp_pck,
+                        char *tag, int tag_len,
+                        msgpack_object *map,
+                        struct flb_mp_map_header *mh,
+                        struct mk_list *list)
+{
+    struct mk_list *head;
+    struct flb_loki_kv *kv;
+
+    msgpack_object *start_key;
+    msgpack_object *out_key;
+    msgpack_object *out_val;
+
+    msgpack_object_map accessed_map;
+    uint32_t accessed_map_index;
+    msgpack_object_kv accessed_map_kv;
+
+    char *accessed_map_val_json;
+
+    mk_list_foreach(head, list) {
+        /* get the flb_loki_kv for this iteration of the loop */
+        kv = mk_list_entry(head, struct flb_loki_kv, _head);
+
+        /* record accessor key/value pair */
+        if (kv->ra_key != NULL && kv->ra_val == NULL) {
+
+            /* try to get the value for the record accessor */
+            if (flb_ra_get_kv_pair(kv->ra_key, *map, &start_key, &out_key, &out_val)
+                == MSGPACK_UNPACK_CONTINUE) {
+
+                /*
+                 * we require the value to be a map, or it doesn't make sense as
+                 * this is adding a map's key / values
+                 */
+                if (out_val->type != MSGPACK_OBJECT_MAP || out_val->via.map.size <= 0) {
+                    flb_plg_debug(ctx->ins, "No valid map data found for key %s",
+                                  kv->ra_key->pattern);
+                }
+                else {
+                    accessed_map = out_val->via.map;
+
+                    /* for each entry in the accessed map... */
+                    for (accessed_map_index = 0; accessed_map_index < accessed_map.size;
+                         accessed_map_index++) {
+
+                        /* get the entry */
+                        accessed_map_kv = accessed_map.ptr[accessed_map_index];
+
+                        /* Pack the key and value */
+                        flb_mp_map_header_append(mh);
+
+                        pack_label_key(mp_pck, (char*) accessed_map_kv.key.via.str.ptr,
+                                       accessed_map_kv.key.via.str.size);
+                        /*
+                         * Does this need optimising? For example, to handle
+                         * bool as non-JSON?
+                         */
+                        if (accessed_map_kv.val.type == MSGPACK_OBJECT_STR) {
+                            msgpack_pack_str_with_body(mp_pck,
+                                                       accessed_map_kv.val.via.str.ptr,
+                                                       accessed_map_kv.val.via.str.size);
+                        }
+                        /*
+                         * convert value to JSON, as Loki expects a string value
+                         */
+                        else {
+                            accessed_map_val_json = flb_msgpack_to_json_str(1024,
+                                &accessed_map_kv.val);
+                            if (accessed_map_val_json) {
+                                msgpack_pack_str_with_body(mp_pck, accessed_map_val_json,
+                                                         strlen(accessed_map_val_json));
+                                flb_free(accessed_map_val_json);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 static flb_sds_t pack_structured_metadata(struct flb_loki *ctx,
                                           msgpack_packer *mp_pck,
                                           char *tag, int tag_len,
@@ -424,7 +519,17 @@ static flb_sds_t pack_structured_metadata(struct flb_loki *ctx,
     struct flb_mp_map_header mh;
     /* Initialize dynamic map header */
     flb_mp_map_header_init(&mh, mp_pck);
-    pack_kv(ctx, mp_pck, tag, tag_len, map, &mh, &ctx->structured_metadata_list);
+    if (ctx->structured_metadata_map_keys) {
+        pack_maps(ctx, mp_pck, tag, tag_len, map, &mh,
+                  &ctx->structured_metadata_map_keys_list);
+    }
+    /*
+     * explicit structured_metadata entries override
+     * structured_metadata_map_keys entries
+     * */
+    if (ctx->structured_metadata) {
+        pack_kv(ctx, mp_pck, tag, tag_len, map, &mh, &ctx->structured_metadata_list);
+    }
     flb_mp_map_header_end(&mh);
     return 0;
 }
@@ -788,6 +893,7 @@ static int parse_labels(struct flb_loki *ctx)
 
     flb_loki_kv_init(&ctx->labels_list);
     flb_loki_kv_init(&ctx->structured_metadata_list);
+    flb_loki_kv_init(&ctx->structured_metadata_map_keys_list);
 
     if (ctx->structured_metadata) {
         ret = parse_kv(ctx, ctx->structured_metadata, &ctx->structured_metadata_list, &ra_used);
@@ -796,6 +902,28 @@ static int parse_labels(struct flb_loki *ctx)
         }
     }
 
+    /* Append structured metadata map keys set in the configuration */
+    if (ctx->structured_metadata_map_keys) {
+        mk_list_foreach(head, ctx->structured_metadata_map_keys) {
+            entry = mk_list_entry(head, struct flb_slist_entry, _head);
+            if (entry->str[0] != '$') {
+                flb_plg_error(ctx->ins,
+                              "invalid structured metadata map key, the name must start "
+                              "with '$'");
+                return -1;
+            }
+
+            ret = flb_loki_kv_append(ctx, &ctx->structured_metadata_map_keys_list,
+                                 entry->str, NULL);
+            if (ret == -1) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+            else if (ret > 0) {
+                ra_used++;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     if (ctx->labels) {
         ret = parse_kv(ctx, ctx->labels, &ctx->labels_list, &ra_used);
         if (ret == -1) {
@@ -971,6 +1099,7 @@ static struct flb_loki *loki_config_create(struct flb_output_instance *ins,
     ctx->ins = ins;
     flb_loki_kv_init(&ctx->labels_list);
     flb_loki_kv_init(&ctx->structured_metadata_list);
+    flb_loki_kv_init(&ctx->structured_metadata_map_keys_list);
 
     /* Register context with plugin instance */
     flb_output_set_context(ins, ctx);
@@ -1539,12 +1668,13 @@ static flb_sds_t loki_compose_payload(struct flb_loki *ctx,
         while ((ret = flb_log_event_decoder_next(
                         &log_decoder,
                         &log_event)) == FLB_EVENT_DECODER_SUCCESS) {
-            msgpack_pack_array(&mp_pck, ctx->structured_metadata ? 3 : 2);
+            msgpack_pack_array(&mp_pck, ctx->structured_metadata ||
+                               ctx->structured_metadata_map_keys ? 3 : 2);
 
             /* Append the timestamp */
             pack_timestamp(&mp_pck, &log_event.timestamp);
             pack_record(ctx, &mp_pck, log_event.body, dynamic_tenant_id);
-            if (ctx->structured_metadata) {
+            if (ctx->structured_metadata || ctx->structured_metadata_map_keys) {
                 pack_structured_metadata(ctx, &mp_pck, tag, tag_len, NULL);
             }
         }
@@ -1575,12 +1705,13 @@ static flb_sds_t loki_compose_payload(struct flb_loki *ctx,
             msgpack_pack_str_body(&mp_pck, "values", 6);
             msgpack_pack_array(&mp_pck, 1);
 
-            msgpack_pack_array(&mp_pck, ctx->structured_metadata ? 3 : 2);
+            msgpack_pack_array(&mp_pck, ctx->structured_metadata ||
+                               ctx->structured_metadata_map_keys ? 3 : 2);
 
             /* Append the timestamp */
             pack_timestamp(&mp_pck, &log_event.timestamp);
             pack_record(ctx, &mp_pck, log_event.body, dynamic_tenant_id);
-            if (ctx->structured_metadata) {
+            if (ctx->structured_metadata || ctx->structured_metadata_map_keys) {
                 pack_structured_metadata(ctx, &mp_pck, tag, tag_len, log_event.body);
             }
         }
@@ -1905,6 +2036,13 @@ static struct flb_config_map config_map[] = {
      0, FLB_TRUE, offsetof(struct flb_loki, structured_metadata),
      "optional structured metadata fields for API requests."
     },
+
+    {
+     FLB_CONFIG_MAP_CLIST, "structured_metadata_map_keys", NULL,
+     0, FLB_TRUE, offsetof(struct flb_loki, structured_metadata_map_keys),
+     "optional structured metadata fields, as derived dynamically from configured maps "
+     "keys, for API requests."
+    },
 
     {
      FLB_CONFIG_MAP_BOOL, "auto_kubernetes_labels", "false",