feat: support mergeFragmentTypes in client

[cdaringe]

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Description

Address #10235

Related # (issue)

#10235

Type of change

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• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• This change requires a documentation update

Screenshots/Sandbox (if appropriate/relevant):

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How Has This Been Tested?

I made the changes on my local branch and confirmed that the existing feature was respected.

Test Environment:

• OS: macos
• @graphql-codegen/...: 5.x
• NodeJS: 20.x

Checklist:

• I have followed the CONTRIBUTING doc and the style guidelines of this project
• I have performed a self-review of my own code
• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• I have made corresponding changes to the documentation
• My changes generate no new warnings
• I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works
• New and existing unit tests pass locally with my changes
• Any dependent changes have been merged and published in downstream modules

Further comments

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