Rust serialization benchmark

The goal of these benchmarks is to provide thorough and complete benchmarks for various rust serialization frameworks.

These benchmarks are a work in progress

These benchmarks are still being developed and pull requests to improve benchmarks are welcome.

Interactive site

Calculate the number of messages per second that can be sent/received with various rust serialization frameworks and compression libraries. Documentation

Format

All tests benchmark the following properties (time or size):

• Serialize: serialize data into a buffer
• Deserialize: deserializes a buffer into a normal rust object
• Size: the size of the buffer when serialized
• Zlib: the size of the buffer after zlib compression
• Zstd: the size of the buffer after zstd compression
• Zstd Time: the time taken to compress the serialized buffer with zstd

Zero-copy deserialization libraries have an additional set of benchmarks:

• Access: accesses a buffer as structured data
• Read: runs through a buffer and reads fields out of it
• Update: updates a buffer as structured data

Some benchmark results may be italicized and followed by an asterisk. Mouse over these for more details on what situation was benchmarked. Other footnotes are located at the bottom.

Last updated: 2025-1-15 15:37:15

Runtime info

rustc version

rustc 1.86.0-nightly (8361aef0d 2025-01-14)
binary: rustc
commit-hash: 8361aef0d7c29b1501a316a208ed84cd8a2ae5da
commit-date: 2025-01-14
host: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
release: 1.86.0-nightly
LLVM version: 19.1.6

CPU info

Architecture:                       x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):                     32-bit, 64-bit
Address sizes:                      48 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
Byte Order:                         Little Endian
CPU(s):                             4
On-line CPU(s) list:                0-3
Vendor ID:                          AuthenticAMD
Model name:                         AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
CPU family:                         25
Model:                              1
Thread(s) per core:                 2
Core(s) per socket:                 2
Socket(s):                          1
Stepping:                           1
BogoMIPS:                           4890.86
Flags:                              fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc cpuid extd_apicid aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 movbe popcnt aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm cr8_legacy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch osvw topoext invpcid_single vmmcall fsgsbase bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rdseed adx smap clflushopt clwb sha_ni xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves clzero xsaveerptr rdpru arat npt nrip_save tsc_scale vmcb_clean flushbyasid decodeassists pausefilter pfthreshold v_vmsave_vmload umip vaes vpclmulqdq rdpid fsrm
Virtualization:                     AMD-V
Hypervisor vendor:                  Microsoft
Virtualization type:                full
L1d cache:                          64 KiB (2 instances)
L1i cache:                          64 KiB (2 instances)
L2 cache:                           1 MiB (2 instances)
L3 cache:                           32 MiB (1 instance)
NUMA node(s):                       1
NUMA node0 CPU(s):                  0-3
Vulnerability Gather data sampling: Not affected
Vulnerability Itlb multihit:        Not affected
Vulnerability L1tf:                 Not affected
Vulnerability Mds:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Meltdown:             Not affected
Vulnerability Mmio stale data:      Not affected
Vulnerability Retbleed:             Not affected
Vulnerability Spec rstack overflow: Vulnerable: Safe RET, no microcode
Vulnerability Spec store bypass:    Vulnerable
Vulnerability Spectre v1:           Mitigation; usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2:           Mitigation; Retpolines; STIBP disabled; RSB filling; PBRSB-eIBRS Not affected; BHI Not affected
Vulnerability Srbds:                Not affected
Vulnerability Tsx async abort:      Not affected

log

This data set is composed of HTTP request logs that are small and contain many strings.

Raw data

For operations, time per iteration; for size, bytes. Lower is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
bilrost 0.1011.0	706.78 µs* 617.28 µs*	3.2943 ms	874632	355446	311723	5.6407 ms
bincode 2.0.0-rc	324.57 µs	2.5190 ms	741295	303944	257153	4.0131 ms
bincode 1.3.3	522.23 µs	2.1210 ms	1045784	373127	311761	4.9215 ms
bitcode 0.6.3	145.29 µs	1.4813 ms	703710	288826	229755	2.6221 ms
borsh 1.5.3	546.79 µs	2.2028 ms	885780	362204	286514	4.5344 ms
capnp 0.20.3	528.78 µs	†	1443216	513986	428649	6.8550 ms
cbor4ii 0.3.3	589.71 µs	4.9563 ms	1407835	403440	324081	5.1224 ms
ciborium 0.2.2	4.1083 ms	12.128 ms	1407835	403440	324081	5.0771 ms
databuf 0.5.0	255.61 µs	2.1682 ms	765778	311715	264630	4.1830 ms
dlhn 0.1.7	759.95 µs	2.6335 ms	724953	301446	253629	3.8243 ms
flatbuffers 24.12.23	1.0170 ms	†	1276368	468539	388832	5.5459 ms
msgpacker 0.4.5	1.2644 ms	2.6346 ms	764996	315291	264898	4.2230 ms
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	5.3015 ms	4.2109 ms	818669	332556	285514	4.7350 ms
nanoserde 0.1.37	257.22 µs	2.1394 ms	1045784	373127	311761	4.7695 ms
parity-scale-codec 3.6.12	661.54 µs	2.3234 ms	765778	311743	264518	4.1816 ms
postcard 1.1.1	427.92 µs	2.2319 ms	724953	302399	253747	3.8274 ms
pot 3.0.1	2.2684 ms	6.5011 ms	971922	372513	304122	5.4831 ms
prost 0.13.4	953.77 µs* 2.5000 ms*	3.3305 ms	884628	363130	315494	5.1571 ms
rkyv 0.8.9	261.88 µs	1.6027 ms* 2.1938 ms*	1011488	393526	326517	5.2511 ms
rmp-serde 1.3.0	1.4911 ms	3.3776 ms	784997	325384	278219	4.3710 ms
ron 0.8.1	11.308 ms	15.326 ms	1607459	449158	349713	6.0885 ms
savefile 0.18.5	190.98 µs	2.2667 ms	1045800	373139	311761	4.8662 ms
serde-brief 0.1.0	1.4990 ms	5.0227 ms	1584946	413733	341439	5.2553 ms
serde_bare 0.5.0	686.35 µs	2.1786 ms	765778	311715	264630	4.1210 ms
serde_cbor 0.11.2	2.0486 ms	4.8260 ms	1407835	403440	324081	5.0796 ms
serde_json 1.0.134	3.8738 ms	5.9795 ms	1827461	470560	361090	6.0497 ms
simd-json 0.14.3	2.1214 ms	4.6893 ms	1827461	470560	361090	6.0496 ms
speedy 0.8.7	203.16 µs	1.8006 ms	885780	362204	286514	4.5017 ms

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
capnp 0.20.3	71.959 ns*	167.96 µs*	‡
flatbuffers 24.12.23	2.4734 ns* 2.0462 ms*	52.002 µs* 2.0185 ms*	‡
rkyv 0.8.9	1.2368 ns* 582.96 µs*	10.515 µs* 584.52 µs*	7.5826 µs*

Comparison

Relative to best. Higher is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
bilrost 0.1011.0	20.56%* 23.54%*	44.97%	80.46%	81.26%	73.70%	46.49%
bincode 2.0.0-rc	44.76%	58.81%	94.93%	95.03%	89.35%	65.34%
bincode 1.3.3	27.82%	69.84%	67.29%	77.41%	73.70%	53.28%
bitcode 0.6.3	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
borsh 1.5.3	26.57%	67.25%	79.45%	79.74%	80.19%	57.83%
capnp 0.20.3	27.48%	†	48.76%	56.19%	53.60%	38.25%
cbor4ii 0.3.3	24.64%	29.89%	49.99%	71.59%	70.89%	51.19%
ciborium 0.2.2	3.54%	12.21%	49.99%	71.59%	70.89%	51.65%
databuf 0.5.0	56.84%	68.32%	91.89%	92.66%	86.82%	62.68%
dlhn 0.1.7	19.12%	56.25%	97.07%	95.81%	90.59%	68.56%
flatbuffers 24.12.23	14.29%	†	55.13%	61.64%	59.09%	47.28%
msgpacker 0.4.5	11.49%	56.22%	91.99%	91.61%	86.73%	62.09%
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	2.74%	35.18%	85.96%	86.85%	80.47%	55.38%
nanoserde 0.1.37	56.48%	69.24%	67.29%	77.41%	73.70%	54.98%
parity-scale-codec 3.6.12	21.96%	63.76%	91.89%	92.65%	86.86%	62.71%
postcard 1.1.1	33.95%	66.37%	97.07%	95.51%	90.54%	68.51%
pot 3.0.1	6.40%	22.79%	72.40%	77.53%	75.55%	47.82%
prost 0.13.4	15.23%* 5.81%*	44.48%	79.55%	79.54%	72.82%	50.84%
rkyv 0.8.9	55.48%	92.43%* 67.52%*	69.57%	73.39%	70.37%	49.93%
rmp-serde 1.3.0	9.74%	43.86%	89.64%	88.76%	82.58%	59.99%
ron 0.8.1	1.28%	9.67%	43.78%	64.30%	65.70%	43.07%
savefile 0.18.5	76.08%	65.35%	67.29%	77.40%	73.70%	53.88%
serde-brief 0.1.0	9.69%	29.49%	44.40%	69.81%	67.29%	49.89%
serde_bare 0.5.0	21.17%	67.99%	91.89%	92.66%	86.82%	63.63%
serde_cbor 0.11.2	7.09%	30.69%	49.99%	71.59%	70.89%	51.62%
serde_json 1.0.134	3.75%	24.77%	38.51%	61.38%	63.63%	43.34%
simd-json 0.14.3	6.85%	31.59%	38.51%	61.38%	63.63%	43.34%
speedy 0.8.7	71.52%	82.27%	79.45%	79.74%	80.19%	58.25%

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
capnp 0.20.3	1.72%*	6.26%*	‡
flatbuffers 24.12.23	50.00%* 0.00%*	20.22%* 0.52%*	‡
rkyv 0.8.9	100.00%* 0.00%*	100.00%* 1.80%*	100.00%*

mesh

This data set is a single mesh. The mesh contains an array of triangles, each of which has three vertices and a normal vector.

Raw data

For operations, time per iteration; for size, bytes. Lower is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
bilrost 0.1011.0	6.6519 ms* 8.8697 ms*	9.1158 ms	8625005	6443961	6231572	77.328 ms
bincode 2.0.0-rc	2.8741 ms	1.0202 ms	6000005	5378497	5345897	7.6421 ms
bincode 1.3.3	5.1587 ms	6.1548 ms	6000008	5378500	5345890	7.7636 ms
bitcode 0.6.3	1.4330 ms	792.22 µs	6000006	5182295	4923880	14.700 ms
borsh 1.5.3	6.2352 ms	4.7872 ms	6000004	5378496	5345889	7.9011 ms
capnp 0.20.3	7.0329 ms	†	14000088	7130367	6051062	83.795 ms
cbor4ii 0.3.3	9.8699 ms	52.859 ms	13125016	7524114	6757967	91.822 ms
ciborium 0.2.2	69.803 ms	121.49 ms	13122324	7524660	6759658	91.644 ms
databuf 0.5.0	2.3965 ms	5.2761 ms	6000003	5378495	5345900	7.8517 ms
dlhn 0.1.7	6.1723 ms	6.9908 ms	6000003	5378495	5345900	7.9965 ms
flatbuffers 24.12.23	876.20 µs	†	6000024	5378434	5345910	7.3575 ms
msgpacker 0.4.5	18.767 ms	5.2130 ms	7500005	6058442	6014337	9.7495 ms
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	121.75 ms	32.660 ms	8125037	6493484	6386940	72.461 ms
nanoserde 0.1.37	2.1329 ms	1.1019 ms	6000008	5378500	5345890	7.8717 ms
parity-scale-codec 3.6.12	5.1209 ms	4.5401 ms	6000004	5378496	5345889	7.3546 ms
postcard 1.1.1	478.29 µs	1.8012 ms	6000003	5378495	5345900	7.8547 ms
pot 3.0.1	36.775 ms	68.783 ms	10122342	6814618	6852251	80.961 ms
prost 0.13.4	7.7495 ms* 8.5337 ms*	14.615 ms	8750000	6665735	6421871	71.520 ms
rkyv 0.8.9	237.44 µs	204.66 µs* 201.97 µs*	6000008	5378500	5345892	7.3320 ms
rmp-serde 1.3.0	18.299 ms	18.353 ms	8125006	6494876	6391037	68.408 ms
ron 0.8.1	173.55 ms	232.05 ms	22192885	8970395	8138755	151.61 ms
savefile 0.18.5	237.37 µs	238.22 µs	6000024	5378519	5345892	7.3950 ms
serde-brief 0.1.0	22.840 ms	41.288 ms	15750015	8024540	6816643	95.687 ms
serde_bare 0.5.0	6.6291 ms	4.6975 ms	6000003	5378495	5345900	8.1701 ms
serde_cbor 0.11.2	35.654 ms	47.359 ms	13122324	7524660	6759658	90.580 ms
serde_json 1.0.134	87.594 ms	89.307 ms	26192883	9566084	8586741	156.42 ms
simd-json 0.14.3	52.107 ms	70.431 ms	26192883	9566084	8586741	156.37 ms
speedy 0.8.7	237.28 µs	238.29 µs	6000004	5378496	5345889	7.3144 ms

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
capnp 0.20.3	103.55 ns*	2.1402 ms*	‡
flatbuffers 24.12.23	2.4733 ns* 40.066 ns*	54.002 µs* 77.395 µs*	‡
rkyv 0.8.9	1.2362 ns* 4.9575 ns*	48.409 µs* 38.738 µs*	101.85 µs*

Comparison

Relative to best. Higher is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
bilrost 0.1011.0	3.57%* 2.68%*	2.22%	69.57%	80.42%	79.02%	9.46%
bincode 2.0.0-rc	8.26%	19.80%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	95.71%
bincode 1.3.3	4.60%	3.28%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	94.21%
bitcode 0.6.3	16.56%	25.49%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	49.76%
borsh 1.5.3	3.81%	4.22%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	92.57%
capnp 0.20.3	3.37%	†	42.86%	72.68%	81.37%	8.73%
cbor4ii 0.3.3	2.40%	0.38%	45.71%	68.88%	72.86%	7.97%
ciborium 0.2.2	0.34%	0.17%	45.72%	68.87%	72.84%	7.98%
databuf 0.5.0	9.90%	3.83%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	93.16%
dlhn 0.1.7	3.84%	2.89%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	91.47%
flatbuffers 24.12.23	27.08%	†	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	99.41%
msgpacker 0.4.5	1.26%	3.87%	80.00%	85.54%	81.87%	75.02%
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	0.19%	0.62%	73.85%	79.81%	77.09%	10.09%
nanoserde 0.1.37	11.12%	18.33%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	92.92%
parity-scale-codec 3.6.12	4.63%	4.45%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	99.45%
postcard 1.1.1	49.61%	11.21%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	93.12%
pot 3.0.1	0.65%	0.29%	59.27%	76.05%	71.86%	9.03%
prost 0.13.4	3.06%* 2.78%*	1.38%	68.57%	77.75%	76.67%	10.23%
rkyv 0.8.9	99.93%	98.69%* 100.00%*	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	99.76%
rmp-serde 1.3.0	1.30%	1.10%	73.85%	79.79%	77.04%	10.69%
ron 0.8.1	0.14%	0.09%	27.04%	57.77%	60.50%	4.82%
savefile 0.18.5	99.96%	84.78%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	98.91%
serde-brief 0.1.0	1.04%	0.49%	38.10%	64.58%	72.23%	7.64%
serde_bare 0.5.0	3.58%	4.30%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	89.53%
serde_cbor 0.11.2	0.67%	0.43%	45.72%	68.87%	72.84%	8.08%
serde_json 1.0.134	0.27%	0.23%	22.91%	54.17%	57.34%	4.68%
simd-json 0.14.3	0.46%	0.29%	22.91%	54.17%	57.34%	4.68%
speedy 0.8.7	100.00%	84.76%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	100.00%

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
capnp 0.20.3	1.19%*	1.81%*	‡
flatbuffers 24.12.23	49.98%* 3.09%*	71.73%* 50.05%*	‡
rkyv 0.8.9	100.00%* 24.94%*	80.02%* 100.00%*	100.00%*

minecraft_savedata

This data set is composed of Minecraft player saves that contain highly structured data.

Raw data

For operations, time per iteration; for size, bytes. Lower is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
bilrost 0.1011.0	937.35 µs* 831.38 µs*	3.1782 ms	489348	281173	249546	3.0990 ms
bincode 2.0.0-rc	311.35 µs	2.0987 ms	367413	221291	206273	2.5016 ms
bincode 1.3.3	591.29 µs	1.8371 ms	569975	240525	232423	2.8811 ms
bitcode 0.6.3	130.12 µs	1.2711 ms	327688	200947	182736	744.58 µs
borsh 1.5.3	528.52 µs	1.8434 ms	446595	234236	210008	2.4669 ms
capnp 0.20.3	494.14 µs	†	803896	335606	280851	3.9459 ms
cbor4ii 0.3.3	794.69 µs	4.6858 ms	1109831	344745	274514	3.8322 ms
ciborium 0.2.2	3.6777 ms	10.002 ms	1109821	344751	274526	3.8682 ms
databuf 0.5.0	305.19 µs	1.7391 ms	356311	213062	198488	2.3867 ms
dlhn 0.1.7	777.41 µs	2.6586 ms	366496	220600	205683	2.4869 ms
flatbuffers 24.12.23	3.2680 ms	†	844168	345696	294015	3.8623 ms
msgpacker 0.4.5	958.39 µs	2.8770 ms	391251	236877	220476	2.6256 ms
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	5.0725 ms	3.9794 ms	449745	252432	231110	2.7771 ms
nanoserde 0.1.37	278.87 µs	1.9306 ms	567975	239930	232419	2.9293 ms
parity-scale-codec 3.6.12	615.29 µs	1.9809 ms	356311	212976	198524	2.4458 ms
postcard 1.1.1	441.53 µs	2.0025 ms	367489	221913	207344	2.4895 ms
pot 3.0.1	2.3593 ms	5.9633 ms	599125	299158	247693	3.1897 ms
prost 0.13.4	1.2480 ms* 2.9430 ms*	3.5357 ms	596811	305319	269310	3.4836 ms
rkyv 0.8.9	334.35 µs	1.5025 ms* 2.0051 ms*	603776	254776	220087	2.7221 ms
rmp-serde 1.3.0	1.5291 ms	3.0620 ms	424533	245214	226188	2.6957 ms
ron 0.8.1	7.4316 ms	16.796 ms	1465223	434935	343338	6.0148 ms
savefile 0.18.5	216.01 µs	1.8976 ms	566991	239362	232010	2.8830 ms
serde-brief 0.1.0	1.3314 ms	5.4039 ms	1276014	373898	293679	4.0561 ms
serde_bare 0.5.0	739.63 µs	2.3376 ms	356311	213062	198488	2.3878 ms
serde_cbor 0.11.2	1.8702 ms	4.6533 ms	1109821	344751	274526	3.8591 ms
serde_json 1.0.134	3.6634 ms	6.6993 ms	1623191	466527	359623	6.1012 ms
simd-json 0.14.3	2.2252 ms	4.6059 ms	1623191	466527	359623	6.1941 ms
speedy 0.8.7	260.10 µs	1.6065 ms	449595	234970	210361	2.4971 ms

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
capnp 0.20.3	72.140 ns*	568.56 ns*	‡
flatbuffers 24.12.23	2.4740 ns* 2.2006 ms*	1.3485 µs* 2.2160 ms*	‡
rkyv 0.8.9	1.2361 ns* 527.82 µs*	240.39 ns* 536.13 µs*	756.00 ns*

Comparison

Relative to best. Higher is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
bilrost 0.1011.0	13.88%* 15.65%*	39.99%	66.96%	71.47%	73.23%	24.03%
bincode 2.0.0-rc	41.79%	60.57%	89.19%	90.81%	88.59%	29.76%
bincode 1.3.3	22.01%	69.19%	57.49%	83.55%	78.62%	25.84%
bitcode 0.6.3	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
borsh 1.5.3	24.62%	68.95%	73.37%	85.79%	87.01%	30.18%
capnp 0.20.3	26.33%	†	40.76%	59.88%	65.07%	18.87%
cbor4ii 0.3.3	16.37%	27.13%	29.53%	58.29%	66.57%	19.43%
ciborium 0.2.2	3.54%	12.71%	29.53%	58.29%	66.56%	19.25%
databuf 0.5.0	42.64%	73.09%	91.97%	94.31%	92.06%	31.20%
dlhn 0.1.7	16.74%	47.81%	89.41%	91.09%	88.84%	29.94%
flatbuffers 24.12.23	3.98%	†	38.82%	58.13%	62.15%	19.28%
msgpacker 0.4.5	13.58%	44.18%	83.75%	84.83%	82.88%	28.36%
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	2.57%	31.94%	72.86%	79.60%	79.07%	26.81%
nanoserde 0.1.37	46.66%	65.84%	57.69%	83.75%	78.62%	25.42%
parity-scale-codec 3.6.12	21.15%	64.17%	91.97%	94.35%	92.05%	30.44%
postcard 1.1.1	29.47%	63.48%	89.17%	90.55%	88.13%	29.91%
pot 3.0.1	5.52%	21.32%	54.69%	67.17%	73.78%	23.34%
prost 0.13.4	10.43%* 4.42%*	35.95%	54.91%	65.82%	67.85%	21.37%
rkyv 0.8.9	38.92%	84.60%* 63.39%*	54.27%	78.87%	83.03%	27.35%
rmp-serde 1.3.0	8.51%	41.51%	77.19%	81.95%	80.79%	27.62%
ron 0.8.1	1.75%	7.57%	22.36%	46.20%	53.22%	12.38%
savefile 0.18.5	60.24%	66.98%	57.79%	83.95%	78.76%	25.83%
serde-brief 0.1.0	9.77%	23.52%	25.68%	53.74%	62.22%	18.36%
serde_bare 0.5.0	17.59%	54.38%	91.97%	94.31%	92.06%	31.18%
serde_cbor 0.11.2	6.96%	27.32%	29.53%	58.29%	66.56%	19.29%
serde_json 1.0.134	3.55%	18.97%	20.19%	43.07%	50.81%	12.20%
simd-json 0.14.3	5.85%	27.60%	20.19%	43.07%	50.81%	12.02%
speedy 0.8.7	50.03%	79.12%	72.89%	85.52%	86.87%	29.82%

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
capnp 0.20.3	1.71%*	42.28%*	‡
flatbuffers 24.12.23	49.96%* 0.00%*	17.83%* 0.01%*	‡
rkyv 0.8.9	100.00%* 0.00%*	100.00%* 0.04%*	100.00%*

mk48

This data set is composed of mk48.io game updates that contain data with many exploitable patterns and invariants.

Raw data

For operations, time per iteration; for size, bytes. Lower is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
bilrost 0.1011.0	4.5392 ms* 2.5830 ms*	8.3454 ms	1704643	1294259	1245607	11.190 ms
bincode 2.0.0-rc	1.4074 ms	3.7901 ms	1406257	1117802	1062238	9.2003 ms
bincode 1.3.3	3.9651 ms	4.3945 ms	1854234	1141994	1050351	10.202 ms
bitcode 0.6.3	711.82 µs	2.3679 ms	971318	878034	855922	3.3927 ms
borsh 1.5.3	2.8930 ms	2.8428 ms	1521989	1108471	1038408	9.7372 ms
capnp 0.20.3	2.1940 ms	†	2724288	1546992	1240354	15.053 ms
cbor4ii 0.3.3	3.2782 ms	17.719 ms	6012539	1695215	1467194	21.385 ms
ciborium 0.2.2	23.445 ms	54.233 ms	6012373	1695146	1467435	21.459 ms
databuf 0.5.0	1.2907 ms	3.8139 ms	1319999	1062631	1007898	8.7548 ms
dlhn 0.1.7	5.0193 ms	8.5484 ms	1311281	1077520	1045571	8.5799 ms
flatbuffers 24.12.23	5.1134 ms	†	2325620	1440289	1265148	13.309 ms
msgpacker 0.4.5	2.3282 ms	6.9956 ms	1458773	1156055	1137194	9.6667 ms
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	30.056 ms	17.809 ms	1770060	1277755	1263142	12.202 ms
nanoserde 0.1.37	1.3491 ms	2.9915 ms	1812404	1134820	1054758	10.086 ms
parity-scale-codec 3.6.12	3.1421 ms	3.2958 ms	1319999	1064380	1010284	8.8405 ms
postcard 1.1.1	1.9884 ms	4.3336 ms	1311281	1083900	1041114	8.6424 ms
pot 3.0.1	13.406 ms	30.076 ms	2604812	1482233	1299952	15.733 ms
prost 0.13.4	5.4148 ms* 9.4298 ms*	8.7034 ms	1859886	1338076	1295497	12.117 ms
rkyv 0.8.9	1.0222 ms	2.2018 ms* 2.6304 ms*	2075936	1383779	1211892	12.609 ms
rmp-serde 1.3.0	10.106 ms	11.180 ms	1745322	1261627	1228902	11.232 ms
ron 0.8.1	38.052 ms	90.966 ms	8677703	2233642	1827843	34.553 ms
savefile 0.18.5	839.37 µs	2.8262 ms	1791505	1128012	1052757	10.164 ms
serde-brief 0.1.0	6.5334 ms	22.240 ms	6951772	1796265	1570903	23.617 ms
serde_bare 0.5.0	4.9511 ms	4.9270 ms	1319999	1062645	1007918	8.9053 ms
serde_cbor 0.11.2	10.505 ms	20.992 ms	6012373	1695146	1467435	21.328 ms
serde_json 1.0.134	20.349 ms	30.774 ms	9390461	2391679	1843922	34.299 ms
simd-json 0.14.3	11.989 ms	26.277 ms	9390461	2391679	1843922	34.296 ms
speedy 0.8.7	772.42 µs	2.4938 ms	1584734	1119837	1038012	10.051 ms

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
capnp 0.20.3	72.116 ns*	706.01 ns*	‡
flatbuffers 24.12.23	2.4740 ns* 5.2432 ms*	2.6208 µs* 5.2783 ms*	‡
rkyv 0.8.9	1.2365 ns* 421.49 µs*	435.02 ns* 422.10 µs*	235.29 ns*

Comparison

Relative to best. Higher is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
bilrost 0.1011.0	15.68%* 27.56%*	26.38%	56.98%	67.84%	68.72%	30.32%
bincode 2.0.0-rc	50.58%	58.09%	69.07%	78.55%	80.58%	36.88%
bincode 1.3.3	17.95%	50.10%	52.38%	76.89%	81.49%	33.26%
bitcode 0.6.3	100.00%	92.99%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
borsh 1.5.3	24.60%	77.45%	63.82%	79.21%	82.43%	34.84%
capnp 0.20.3	32.44%	†	35.65%	56.76%	69.01%	22.54%
cbor4ii 0.3.3	21.71%	12.43%	16.15%	51.79%	58.34%	15.86%
ciborium 0.2.2	3.04%	4.06%	16.16%	51.80%	58.33%	15.81%
databuf 0.5.0	55.15%	57.73%	73.58%	82.63%	84.92%	38.75%
dlhn 0.1.7	14.18%	25.76%	74.07%	81.49%	81.86%	39.54%
flatbuffers 24.12.23	13.92%	†	41.77%	60.96%	67.65%	25.49%
msgpacker 0.4.5	30.57%	31.47%	66.58%	75.95%	75.27%	35.10%
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	2.37%	12.36%	54.87%	68.72%	67.76%	27.80%
nanoserde 0.1.37	52.76%	73.60%	53.59%	77.37%	81.15%	33.64%
parity-scale-codec 3.6.12	22.65%	66.81%	73.58%	82.49%	84.72%	38.38%
postcard 1.1.1	35.80%	50.81%	74.07%	81.01%	82.21%	39.26%
pot 3.0.1	5.31%	7.32%	37.29%	59.24%	65.84%	21.56%
prost 0.13.4	13.15%* 7.55%*	25.30%	52.22%	65.62%	66.07%	28.00%
rkyv 0.8.9	69.64%	100.00%* 83.71%*	46.79%	63.45%	70.63%	26.91%
rmp-serde 1.3.0	7.04%	19.69%	55.65%	69.60%	69.65%	30.20%
ron 0.8.1	1.87%	2.42%	11.19%	39.31%	46.83%	9.82%
savefile 0.18.5	84.80%	77.91%	54.22%	77.84%	81.30%	33.38%
serde-brief 0.1.0	10.90%	9.90%	13.97%	48.88%	54.49%	14.37%
serde_bare 0.5.0	14.38%	44.69%	73.58%	82.63%	84.92%	38.10%
serde_cbor 0.11.2	6.78%	10.49%	16.16%	51.80%	58.33%	15.91%
serde_json 1.0.134	3.50%	7.15%	10.34%	36.71%	46.42%	9.89%
simd-json 0.14.3	5.94%	8.38%	10.34%	36.71%	46.42%	9.89%
speedy 0.8.7	92.15%	88.29%	61.29%	78.41%	82.46%	33.75%

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
capnp 0.20.3	1.71%*	61.62%*	‡
flatbuffers 24.12.23	49.98%* 0.00%*	16.60%* 0.01%*	‡
rkyv 0.8.9	100.00%* 0.00%*	100.00%* 0.10%*	100.00%*

Footnotes:

* mouse over for situational details

† do not provide deserialization capabilities, but the user can write their own

‡ do not support buffer mutation (capnp and flatbuffers may but not for rust)