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Add support for async/streams/futures
This adds support for loading, compiling, linking, and running components which use the [Async ABI](https://github.com/WebAssembly/component-model/blob/main/design/mvp/Async.md) along with the [`stream`, `future`, and `error-context`](WebAssembly/component-model#405) types. It also adds support for generating host bindings such that multiple host functions can be run concurrently with guest tasks -- without monopolizing the `Store`. See the [implementation RFC](bytecodealliance/rfcs#38) for details, as well as [this repo](https://github.com/dicej/component-async-demo) containing end-to-end smoke tests. Signed-off-by: Joel Dice <joel.dice@fermyon.com> fix clippy warnings and bench/fuzzing errors Signed-off-by: Joel Dice <joel.dice@fermyon.com> revert atomic.wit whitespace change Signed-off-by: Joel Dice <joel.dice@fermyon.com> fix build when component-model disabled Signed-off-by: Joel Dice <joel.dice@fermyon.com> bless component-macro expected output Signed-off-by: Joel Dice <joel.dice@fermyon.com> fix no-std build error Signed-off-by: Joel Dice <joel.dice@fermyon.com> fix build with --no-default-features --features runtime,component-model Signed-off-by: Joel Dice <joel.dice@fermyon.com> partly fix no-std build It's still broken due to the use of `std::collections::HashMap` in crates/wasmtime/src/runtime/vm/component.rs. I'll address that as part of the work to avoid exposing global task/future/stream/error-context handles to guests. Signed-off-by: Joel Dice <joel.dice@fermyon.com> maintain per-instance tables for futures, streams, and error-contexts Signed-off-by: Joel Dice <joel.dice@fermyon.com> refactor task/stream/future handle lifting/lowering This addresses a couple of issues: - Previously, we were passing task/stream/future/error-context reps directly to instances while keeping track of which instance had access to which rep. That worked fine in that there was no way to forge access to inaccessible reps, but it leaked information about what other instances were doing. Now we maintain per-instance waitable and error-context tables which map the reps to and from the handles which the instance sees. - The `no_std` build was broken due to use of `HashMap` in `runtime::vm::component`, which is now fixed. Note that we use one single table per instance for all tasks, streams, and futures. This is partly necessary because, when async events are delivered to the guest, it wouldn't have enough context to know which stream or future we're talking about if each unique stream and future type had its own table. So at minimum, we need to use the same table for all streams (regardless of payload type), and likewise for futures. Also, per WebAssembly/component-model#395 (comment), the plan is to move towards a shared table for all resource types as well, so this moves us in that direction. Signed-off-by: Joel Dice <joel.dice@fermyon.com> fix wave breakage due to new stream/future/error-context types Signed-off-by: Joel Dice <joel.dice@fermyon.com> switch wasm-tools to v1.220.0-based branch Signed-off-by: Joel Dice <joel.dice@fermyon.com> check `task.return` type at runtime We can't statically verify a given call to `task.return` corresponds to the expected core signature appropriate for the currently running task, so we must do so at runtime. In order to make that check efficient, we intern the types. My initial plan was to use `ModuleInternedTypeIndex` and/or `VMSharedTypeIndex` for interning, but that got hairy with WasmGC considerations, so instead I added new fields to `ComponentTypes` and `ComponentTypesBuilder`. Signed-off-by: Joel Dice <joel.dice@fermyon.com> add `TypedFunc::call_concurrent` and refine stream/future APIs This implements what I proposed in https://github.com/dicej/rfcs/blob/component-async/accepted/component-model-async.md#wasmtime. Specifically, it adds: - A new `Promise` type, useful for working with concurrent operations that require access to a `Store` to make progress. - A new `PromisesUnordered` type for `await`ing multiple promises concurrently -`TypedFunc::call_concurrent` (which returns a `Promise`), allowing multiple host->guest calls to run concurrently on the same instance. - Updated `{Stream|Future}{Writer|Reader}` APIs which use `Promise` The upshot is that the embedder can now ergonomically manage arbitrary numbers of concurrent operations. Previously, this was a lot more difficult to do without accidentally starving some of the operations due to another one monopolizing the `Store`. Finally, this includes various refactorings and fixes for bugs exposed by the newer, more versatile APIs. Signed-off-by: Joel Dice <joel.dice@fermyon.com> clean up verbosity in component/func.rs Signed-off-by: Joel Dice <joel.dice@fermyon.com> snapshot Signed-off-by: Joel Dice <joel.dice@fermyon.com> implement stream/future read/write cancellation This required a somewhat viral addition of `Send` and `Sync` bounds for async host function closure types, unfortunately. Signed-off-by: Joel Dice <joel.dice@fermyon.com> add `Func::call_concurrent` and `LinkerInstance::func_new_concurrent` Signed-off-by: Joel Dice <joel.dice@fermyon.com> dynamic API support for streams/futures/error-contexts Signed-off-by: Joel Dice <joel.dice@fermyon.com> support callback-less (AKA stackful) async lifts Signed-off-by: Joel Dice <joel.dice@fermyon.com> fix `call_host` regression Signed-off-by: Joel Dice <joel.dice@fermyon.com> add component model async end-to-end tests I've ported these over from https://github.com/dicej/component-async-demo Signed-off-by: Joel Dice <joel.dice@fermyon.com> fix test regressions and clippy warnings Signed-off-by: Joel Dice <joel.dice@fermyon.com> satisfy clippy Signed-off-by: Joel Dice <joel.dice@fermyon.com> fix async tests when `component-model-async` enabled Enabling this feature for all tests revealed various missing pieces in the new `concurrent.rs` fiber mechanism, which I've addressed. This adds a bunch of ugly `#[cfg(feature = "component-model-async")]` guards, but those will all go away once I unify the two async fiber implementations. Signed-off-by: Joel Dice <joel.dice@fermyon.com> add and modify tests to cover concurrent APIs Primarily, this tests and implements cases where parameters and/or results must be passed via linear memory instead of the stack. Signed-off-by: Joel Dice <joel.dice@fermyon.com> `concurrent_{imports|exports}` component macro codegen tests This enables codegen testing of the `concurrent_imports` and `concurrent_exports` options to `wasmtime::component::bindgen` and also fixes code generation for world-level function and resource exports that use the concurrent call style. Signed-off-by: Joel Dice <joel.dice@fermyon.com> `concurrent_{imports|exports}` component macro expanded tests This enables testing of the `concurrent_imports` and `concurrent_exports` options in `crates/component-macro/tests/expanded.rs`. Signed-off-by: Joel Dice <joel.dice@fermyon.com> add tests/misc_testsuite/component-model-async/*.wast These only test instantiation of components which use various async options and built-ins so far. Next, I'll happy and sad path tests which actually execute code. Signed-off-by: Joel Dice <joel.dice@fermyon.com> appease clippy Signed-off-by: Joel Dice <joel.dice@fermyon.com> add tests/misc_testsuite/component-model-async/fused.wast Signed-off-by: Joel Dice <joel.dice@fermyon.com> add non-panicking bounds checks where appropriate Signed-off-by: Joel Dice <joel.dice@fermyon.com> remove post-return bits from async result lift code ...at least until we've determined whether post-return options even make sense for async-lifted exports. Signed-off-by: Joel Dice <joel.dice@fermyon.com> fix component-model-async/fused.wast test failure Signed-off-by: Joel Dice <joel.dice@fermyon.com> use `enum` types to represent status and event codes Signed-off-by: Joel Dice <joel.dice@fermyon.com> fix component-model-async/fused.wast test failure (2nd try) Signed-off-by: Joel Dice <joel.dice@fermyon.com> use `gc_types = true` in component-model-async/fused.wast We use `Instruction::RefFunc` when generating adapters for async lifts and/or lowers, which Winch doesn't understand, and apparently `gc_types = true` is what tells the test infra not to use Winch. Signed-off-by: Joel Dice <joel.dice@fermyon.com> trap if async function finishes without calling `task.return` Signed-off-by: Joel Dice <joel.dice@fermyon.com> update wit-bindgen and fix rebase damage Signed-off-by: Joel Dice <joel.dice@fermyon.com> call post-return function if any for async->sync fused calls Signed-off-by: Joel Dice <joel.dice@fermyon.com>
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