Add readout mitigated tomography

Add readout error mitigated state and process tomography experiments. These are implemented as a batch experiment of a local readout error characterization experiment, followed by the desired tomography experiment.

qiskit_experiments/library/__init__.py

@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@
     ~randomized_benchmarking.InterleavedRB
     ~tomography.StateTomography
     ~tomography.ProcessTomography
+    ~tomography.MitigatedStateTomography
+    ~tomography.MitigatedProcessTomography
     ~quantum_volume.QuantumVolume
 
 .. _characterization:
@@ -154,7 +156,12 @@ class instance to manage parameters and pulse schedules.
     MultiStateDiscrimination,
 )
 from .randomized_benchmarking import StandardRB, InterleavedRB
-from .tomography import StateTomography, ProcessTomography
+from .tomography import (
+    StateTomography,
+    ProcessTomography,
+    MitigatedStateTomography,
+    MitigatedProcessTomography,
+)
 from .quantum_volume import QuantumVolume
 
 # Experiment Sub-modules

qiskit_experiments/library/tomography/__init__.py

@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
 
     StateTomography
     ProcessTomography
+    MitigatedStateTomography
+    MitigatedProcessTomography
 
 
 Analysis
@@ -37,7 +39,7 @@
 
     StateTomographyAnalysis
     ProcessTomographyAnalysis
-
+    MitigatedTomographyAnalysis
 
 Tomography Fitters
 ==================
@@ -90,6 +92,9 @@
 # Experiment Classes
 from .qst_experiment import StateTomography, StateTomographyAnalysis
 from .qpt_experiment import ProcessTomography, ProcessTomographyAnalysis
+from .mit_qst_experiment import MitigatedStateTomography
+from .mit_qpt_experiment import MitigatedProcessTomography
+from .mit_tomography_analysis import MitigatedTomographyAnalysis
 
 # Basis Classes
 from . import basis

qiskit_experiments/library/tomography/mit_qpt_experiment.py

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+# This code is part of Qiskit.
+#
+# (C) Copyright IBM 2023.
+#
+# This code is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. You may
+# obtain a copy of this license in the LICENSE.txt file in the root directory
+# of this source tree or at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.
+#
+# Any modifications or derivative works of this code must retain this
+# copyright notice, and modified files need to carry a notice indicating
+# that they have been altered from the originals.
+"""
+Quantum Process Tomography experiment
+"""
+
+from typing import Union, Optional, Iterable, List, Tuple, Sequence
+from qiskit.providers.backend import Backend
+from qiskit.circuit import QuantumCircuit, Instruction
+from qiskit.quantum_info.operators.base_operator import BaseOperator
+from qiskit_experiments.framework import BatchExperiment, BaseAnalysis
+from qiskit_experiments.library.characterization.local_readout_error import LocalReadoutError
+from .qpt_experiment import ProcessTomography
+from .mit_tomography_analysis import MitigatedTomographyAnalysis
+from . import basis
+
+
+class MitigatedProcessTomography(BatchExperiment):
+    """Readout error mitigated quantum process tomography experiment.
+
+    # section: overview
+        Readout error mitigated Quantum process tomography is a batch
+        experiment consisting of a :class:`~.LocalReadoutError` characterization
+        experiments, followed by a :class:`~.ProcessTomography` experiment.
+
+        During analysis the assignment matrix local readout error model is
+        used to automatically construct a noisy Pauli measurement basis for
+        performing readout error mitigated process tomography fitting.
+
+    # section: note
+        Performing readout error mitigation full process tomography on an
+        `N`-qubit circuit requires running 2 readout error characterization
+        circuits and :math:`4^N 3^N` measurement circuits using the Pauli
+        preparation and measurement bases.
+
+    # section: analysis_ref
+        :py:class:`MitigatedTomographyAnalysis`
+
+    # section: see_also
+        qiskit_experiments.library.ProcessTomography
+        qiskit_experiments.library.LocalReadoutError
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        circuit: Union[QuantumCircuit, Instruction, BaseOperator],
+        backend: Optional[Backend] = None,
+        physical_qubits: Optional[Sequence[int]] = None,
+        measurement_indices: Optional[Sequence[int]] = None,
+        preparation_indices: Optional[Sequence[int]] = None,
+        basis_indices: Optional[Iterable[Tuple[List[int], List[int]]]] = None,
+        analysis: Union[BaseAnalysis, None, str] = "default",
+    ):
+        """Initialize a quantum process tomography experiment.
+
+        Args:
+            circuit: the quantum process circuit. If not a quantum circuit
+                it must be a class that can be appended to a quantum circuit.
+            backend: The backend to run the experiment on.
+            physical_qubits: Optional, the physical qubits for the initial state circuit.
+                If None this will be qubits [0, N) for an N-qubit circuit.
+            measurement_indices: Optional, the `physical_qubits` indices to be measured.
+                If None all circuit physical qubits will be measured.
+            preparation_indices: Optional, the `physical_qubits` indices to be prepared.
+                If None all circuit physical qubits will be prepared.
+            basis_indices: Optional, a list of basis indices for generating partial
+                tomography measurement data. Each item should be given as a pair of
+                lists of preparation and measurement basis configurations
+                ``([p[0], p[1], ..], m[0], m[1], ...])``, where ``p[i]`` is the
+                preparation basis index, and ``m[i]`` is the measurement basis index
+                for qubit-i. If not specified full tomography for all indices of the
+                preparation and measurement bases will be performed.
+            analysis: Optional, a custom tomography analysis instance to use.
+                If ``"default"`` :class:`~.ProcessTomographyAnalysis` will be
+                used. If None no analysis instance will be set.
+        """
+        tomo_exp = ProcessTomography(
+            circuit,
+            backend=backend,
+            physical_qubits=physical_qubits,
+            measurement_basis=basis.PauliMeasurementBasis(),
+            measurement_indices=measurement_indices,
+            preparation_basis=basis.PauliPreparationBasis(),
+            preparation_indices=preparation_indices,
+            basis_indices=basis_indices,
+            analysis=analysis,
+        )
+
+        roerror_exp = LocalReadoutError(
+            tomo_exp.physical_qubits,
+            backend=backend,
+        )
+
+        if analysis is None:
+            mit_analysis = (None,)
+        else:
+            mit_analysis = MitigatedTomographyAnalysis(roerror_exp.analysis, tomo_exp.analysis)
+
+        super().__init__(
+            [roerror_exp, tomo_exp], backend=backend, flatten_results=True, analysis=mit_analysis
+        )

qiskit_experiments/library/tomography/mit_qst_experiment.py

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+# This code is part of Qiskit.
+#
+# (C) Copyright IBM 2023.
+#
+# This code is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. You may
+# obtain a copy of this license in the LICENSE.txt file in the root directory
+# of this source tree or at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.
+#
+# Any modifications or derivative works of this code must retain this
+# copyright notice, and modified files need to carry a notice indicating
+# that they have been altered from the originals.
+"""
+Quantum State Tomography experiment
+"""
+
+from typing import Union, Optional, List, Sequence
+from qiskit.providers.backend import Backend
+from qiskit.circuit import QuantumCircuit, Instruction
+from qiskit.quantum_info.operators.base_operator import BaseOperator
+from qiskit_experiments.framework import BatchExperiment, BaseAnalysis
+from qiskit_experiments.library.characterization.local_readout_error import LocalReadoutError
+from .qst_experiment import StateTomography
+from .mit_tomography_analysis import MitigatedTomographyAnalysis
+from . import basis
+
+
+class MitigatedStateTomography(BatchExperiment):
+    """Readout error mitigated quantum state tomography experiment.
+
+    # section: overview
+        Readout error mitigated quantum state tomography is a batch
+        experiment consisting of a :class:`~.LocalReadoutError` characterization
+        experiments, followed by a :class:`~.StateTomography` experiment.
+
+        During analysis the assignment matrix local readout error model is
+        used to automatically construct a noisy Pauli measurement basis for
+        performing readout error mitigated state tomography fitting.
+
+    # section: note
+        Performing readout error mitigation full state tomography on an
+        `N`-qubit circuit requires running 2 readout error characterization
+        circuits and :math:`3^N` measurement circuits using the Pauli
+        measurement basis.
+
+    # section: analysis_ref
+        :py:class:`MitigatedTomographyAnalysis`
+
+    # section: see_also
+        qiskit_experiments.library.StateTomography
+        qiskit_experiments.library.LocalReadoutError
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        circuit: Union[QuantumCircuit, Instruction, BaseOperator],
+        backend: Optional[Backend] = None,
+        physical_qubits: Optional[Sequence[int]] = None,
+        measurement_indices: Optional[Sequence[int]] = None,
+        basis_indices: Optional[Sequence[List[int]]] = None,
+        analysis: Union[BaseAnalysis, None, str] = "default",
+    ):
+        """Initialize a quantum process tomography experiment.
+
+        Args:
+            circuit: the quantum process circuit. If not a quantum circuit
+                it must be a class that can be appended to a quantum circuit.
+            backend: The backend to run the experiment on.
+            physical_qubits: Optional, the physical qubits for the initial state circuit.
+                If None this will be qubits [0, N) for an N-qubit circuit.
+            measurement_indices: Optional, the `physical_qubits` indices to be measured.
+                If None all circuit physical qubits will be measured.
+            basis_indices: Optional, a list of basis indices for generating partial
+                tomography measurement data. Each item should be given as a list of
+                measurement basis configurations ``[m[0], m[1], ...]`` where ``m[i]``
+                is the measurement basis index for qubit-i. If not specified full
+                tomography for all indices of the measurement basis will be performed.
+            analysis: Optional, a custom tomography analysis instance to use.
+                If ``"default"`` :class:`~.ProcessTomographyAnalysis` will be
+                used. If None no analysis instance will be set.
+        """
+        tomo_exp = StateTomography(
+            circuit,
+            backend=backend,
+            physical_qubits=physical_qubits,
+            measurement_basis=basis.PauliMeasurementBasis(),
+            measurement_indices=measurement_indices,
+            basis_indices=basis_indices,
+            analysis=analysis,
+        )
+
+        roerror_exp = LocalReadoutError(
+            tomo_exp.physical_qubits,
+            backend=backend,
+        )
+
+        if analysis is None:
+            mit_analysis = (None,)
+        else:
+            mit_analysis = MitigatedTomographyAnalysis(roerror_exp.analysis, tomo_exp.analysis)
+
+        super().__init__(
+            [roerror_exp, tomo_exp], backend=backend, flatten_results=True, analysis=mit_analysis
+        )

qiskit_experiments/library/tomography/mit_tomography_analysis.py

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+# This code is part of Qiskit.
+#
+# (C) Copyright IBM 2023.
+#
+# This code is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. You may
+# obtain a copy of this license in the LICENSE.txt file in the root directory
+# of this source tree or at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.
+#
+# Any modifications or derivative works of this code must retain this
+# copyright notice, and modified files need to carry a notice indicating
+# that they have been altered from the originals.
+"""
+Readout error mitigated tomography analysis
+"""
+
+from qiskit_experiments.framework import CompositeAnalysis
+from qiskit_experiments.library.characterization import LocalReadoutErrorAnalysis
+from .tomography_analysis import TomographyAnalysis
+from .basis.pauli_basis import PauliMeasurementBasis
+
+
+class MitigatedTomographyAnalysis(CompositeAnalysis):
+    """Analysis for readout error mitigated tomography experiments.
+
+    Analysis is performed as a :class:`.CompositeAnalysis` consisting
+    of :class:`.LocalReadoutErrorAnalysis` to determine the local
+    assigment matrices describing single qubit Z-basis readout errors,
+    and then these matrices are used to automatically construct a noisy
+    :class:`~.PauliMeasurementBasis` for use during tomographic
+    fitting with the tomography analysis.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, roerror_analysis="default", tomography_analysis="default"):
+        """Initialize mitigated tomography analysis"""
+        if roerror_analysis == "default":
+            roerror_analysis = LocalReadoutErrorAnalysis()
+        if tomography_analysis == "default":
+            tomography_analysis = TomographyAnalysis()
+        super().__init__([roerror_analysis, tomography_analysis], flatten_results=True)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _default_options(cls):
+        """Default analysis options
+
+        Analysis Options:
+            fitter (str or Callable): The fitter function to use for reconstruction.
+                This can  be a string to select one of the built-in fitters, or a callable to
+                supply a custom fitter function. See the `Fitter Functions` section for
+                additional information.
+            fitter_options (dict): Any addition kwarg options to be supplied to the fitter
+                function. For documentation of available kwargs refer to the fitter function
+                documentation.
+            rescale_positive (bool): If True rescale the state returned by the fitter
+                to be positive-semidefinite. See the `PSD Rescaling` section for
+                additional information (Default: True).
+            rescale_trace (bool): If True rescale the state returned by the fitter
+                have either trace 1 for :class:`~qiskit.quantum_info.DensityMatrix`,
+                or trace dim for :class:`~qiskit.quantum_info.Choi` matrices (Default: True).
+            measurement_qubits (Sequence[int]): Optional, the physical qubits with tomographic
+                measurements. If not specified will be set to ``[0, ..., N-1]`` for N-qubit
+                tomographic measurements.
+            preparation_qubits (Sequence[int]): Optional, the physical qubits with tomographic
+                preparations. If not specified will be set to ``[0, ..., N-1]`` for N-qubit
+                tomographic preparations.
+            target (Any): Optional, target object for fidelity comparison of the fit
+                (Default: None).
+        """
+        # Override options to be tomography options minus bases
+        options = super()._default_options()
+        options.fitter = "linear_inversion"
+        options.fitter_options = {}
+        options.rescale_positive = True
+        options.rescale_trace = True
+        options.measurement_qubits = None
+        options.preparation_qubits = None
+        options.target = None
+        return options
+
+    def set_options(self, **fields):
+        super().set_options(**fields)
+        self._analyses[1].set_options(**fields)
+
+    def _run_analysis(self, experiment_data):
+        # Return list of experiment data containers for each component experiment
+        # containing the marginalized data from the composite experiment
+        roerror_analysis, tomo_analysis = self._analyses
+        roerror_data, tomo_data = self._component_experiment_data(experiment_data)
+
+        # Run readout error analysis
+        roerror_analysis.run(roerror_data, replace_results=True).block_for_results()
+
+        # Construct noisy measurement basis
+        mitigator = roerror_data.analysis_results(0).value
+
+        # Construct noisy measurement basis
+        measurement_basis = PauliMeasurementBasis(mitigator=mitigator)
+        tomo_analysis.set_options(measurement_basis=measurement_basis)
+
+        # Run tomography analysis
+        tomo_analysis.run(tomo_data, replace_results=True).block_for_results()
+
+        # Optionally flatten results from all component experiments
+        # for adding to the main experiment data container
+        if self._flatten_results:
+            # Combine results so that tomography results are ordered first
+            return self._combine_results([tomo_data, roerror_data])
+
+        return [], []

qiskit_experiments/library/tomography/qpt_analysis.py

@@ -82,6 +82,12 @@ def _default_options(cls) -> Options:
                 fitter function.
             rescale_trace (bool): If True rescale the state returned by the fitter have either
                 trace 1 (Default: True).
+            measurement_qubits (Sequence[int]): Optional, the physical qubits with tomographic
+                measurements. If not specified will be set to ``[0, ..., N-1]`` for N-qubit
+                tomographic measurements.
+            preparation_qubits (Sequence[int]): Optional, the physical qubits with tomographic
+                preparations. If not specified will be set to ``[0, ..., N-1]`` for N-qubit
+                tomographic preparations.
             target (Union[str, :class:`~qiskit.quantum_info.operators.channel.quantum_channel`,
                 :class:`~qiskit.quantum_info.Operator`]): Optional, Set a custom target quantum
                 channel for computing the :func:~qiskit.quantum_info.process_fidelity` of the