chore(security): improve debugging for provenance script

[heitorlessa]

Issue number: #2203

Summary

@rubenfonseca and I were testing the new signed builds but didn't pass at first. Turns out cURL wasn't failing due to HTTP 404 calls - this PR fixes that and improve error messages.

Changes

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User experience

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Checklist

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• Meet tenets criteria
• I have performed a self-review of this change
• Changes have been tested
• Changes are documented
• PR title follows conventional commit semantics

Is this a breaking change?

RFC issue number:

Checklist:

• Migration process documented
• Implement warnings (if it can live side by side)

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