Developer Cheat Sheet

Some commands & shortcuts I use in daily life. Also contains some interesting prompts as well for Generative AI tools.

Contents

• Git Commands
• Conda virtual environments
• PEP8 Checking in code
• Docker Commands
• Azure Commands
• Kubernetes Commands
• Linux Commands
• Prefect Commands
• Other Tips

Git Commands

First Time Cloning an Azure/Git repository:

• For Windows: Install Git Credentials Manager
• For Mac:
  • brew tap microsoft/git
  • brew install --cask git-credential-manager-core and Log-in from browser

Git Commands for version control

• git clone https://github.com/<repo-name>.git - To clone a repository
• git checkout origin/master - To set branch to master/main
• git status - To check the git status of the directory
• git pull origin develop - To pull all contents from develop branch
• git log - To get a history of the latest changes made in the repository
• git checkout -b <new branch name> - To create a new branch before starting to make changes. Branch names can begin with feature/12345_new_model/patch/12345_add_item/bugfix/12345_fix_issue -- make code changes--
• git status
• git add <filenames> - Add modified files from the output of the previous git status command
• git commit -m "comments" - A meaningful message for the commit
• git push origin -u <new branch name>:<remote branch name> - Just git push origin is enough if you're pushing directly to master.
• git push origin HEAD:<branch name> - To directly push the changes to a branch.

Other git commands:

• git fetch - If some new branches are missing in local
• git diff
• git stash - To delete all existing changes & start fresh
• git reset --merge
• git checkout -f origin/master
• git pull origin bug/12345-existing_error
• git config --global http.sslVerify true - Step 1: in case of SSL certificate error
• git config --global http.sslbackend schannel - Step 2: in case of SSL certificate error

Conda virtual environments

To create a new virtual environment with conda

• conda create -y -n "<env name>" python=3.9 pip=21.1 - To create virtual environment using Python 3.9 & a compatible pip version
• conda activate <env name> - To activate the virtual environment
• conda env list - To list all available environments
• conda env create -f conda.yml
• conda deactivate - To deactivate a conda environment

To update an existing conda environment:

• conda env update --file "./Dependencies/conda.yml" --prune

If the organization is not allowed to create a conda env:

• conda config --set ssl_verify no
• python -m pip install PACKAGENAME --trusted-host=pypi.python.org --trusted-host=pypi.org --trusted-host=files.pythonhosted.org - This bypasses Firewall
• pip freeze | grep PACKAGENAME - To get the version of a specific package
• pip freeze > requirements.txt - To save all the package requirements in a virtual environment
• pip show PACKAGENAME - To get more details of a specific package

Pytesting:

• python -m pytest --rootdir=./Tests --junitxml=./Tests/junit/unit-test.xml -vv -rP - To test all tests from the folder
• pytest -v tests/my-directory/test_demo.py::test_specific_function - To test a specific function

Command to get all python packages used in a project:

• pip install pipreqs
• pipreqs "<location where you want requirements to be saved>"

To install from within a repository (if it has setup.py)

• pip install - e . (This installs the repo in 'editable' mode.

PEP8 Checking in code

Checking intendation of python script

First install Flake8 package (pip install Flake8)

• flake8 <code path> --max-line-length=120 or
• python -m flake8 <code path> --max-line-length=120

Docker Commands

Docker Commands for running a docker file

First open 'Docker CLI' for SSO authentication

• docker login <host-name> -u <user name> -p <password> - Enable logging in with SSO if connected to VPN/Remote Connect.
• docker pull <image-name> - A working sample command to pull a repository.
• docker images - List the available docker images.
• docker build . -f dockerfile -t <image name> - Build a docker image using the available dockerfile in the repository
• docker build -t <image-name> -f dockerfile . - This can also be used. Check & understand the difference before using it.
• docker build -t <another-image-name> -f dockerfile .
• docker tag <tag name> <ACR hostname/folder:latest - To tag the image manually
• docker push <host name/folder:latest> - To push to container registries/remote locations.
• docker run -it -e PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1 --publish 8080:8080 <image name> - Run & publish the docker image
• docker run -p 5000:5000 -v //home//project-location//://home//project-location// -d <image-name>
• docker run -p 4200:4200 -d <image-name>
• docker-compose -f db-docker-compose.yaml up - If it's only to run a MSSQL database locally
• `
• systemctl show --property ActiveState docker|cut -d"=" -f2 - To list active docker images

Azure Commands

Commands used to connect to Microsoft Azure Portal

Full list For command-line:

• az login - Login with web
• az login -u myemail@address.com - Login in CLI
• az account list - List accounts
• az account list-locations - List all locations
• az account get-access-token --output json --resource https://vault.azure.net
• az resource list - List all my resource groups
• azure --version - Get what version of the CLI you have
• az vm list - List your VMs
• azure help - Get help
• az account show -o jsonc - Check if logged in or not
• az account set --subscription <subscription-id> - To set the currently active subscription for your Azure account
• az aks get-credentials --resource-group <resource-group-name> --name <name-of-AKS-cluster> --admin - To configure kubectl with the credentials and context required to connect to an Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) cluster

Kubernetes Commands

Commands for interacting with Kubernetes clusters

Full list

• kubectl get pods -n <name of the cluster> - Used to retrieve information about resources in the cluster.
• kubectl get pods -A -o wide > file-name.txt - Used to get complete information about available pods and the tasks undertaken by them (stores it in a text file).
• kubectl get nodes - Used to get all available nodes.
• kubectl describe pod -n <name of the cluster> <name of the pod> - Gives detailed information from the yaml file used to configure the pod.
• kubectl get hpa <name assigned to the HPA> --watch - Gives real-time load info and pod count by HorizontalPodAutoscaler. 1 2
• kubectl logs <name of the pod> -n <name of the cluster> - To get the logs of a pod
• kubectl top pod <name of the pod> -n <name of the cluster> - To retrieve usage statistics of a pod
• kubectl apply -f manifest-file-name.yaml - Apply changes made in the yaml file and recreate the pods based on it.
• kubectl port-forward <resource-you-want-to-forward-a-port-to> 4200:4200 -n <name-space> - For port-forwarding.
• kubectl get secret - List the secrets available
• kubectl describe secret - To get all details of the namespace including the token.
• kubectl config get-contexts - Used to display information about the available contexts in your Kubernetes configuration
• kubectl get hpa -n <name-space> - Used to retrieve information about Horizontal Pod Autoscalers (HPA) in a namespace
• kubectl -n <name-space> patch hpa <name-of-the-hpa> --patch '{"spec":{"maxReplicas":2}}' - To configure maximum replicas of a HPA.
• kubectl patch secret <secret-name> -n <name-space> -p '<value>' - To update regcred secrets inside a cluster.

Linux Commands

Commands used in Linux OS

• sudo lsof -i -P -n | grep LISTEN
• kill -9 <container id>

Curl Commands:

• curl -i -H "Accept: application/json" -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X GET http://127.0.0.1:8000/<page-url>/

For Azure Portal: Steps:

1. Enable SSH
2. Install NVIDIA Drivers

• ssh -L 1234:localhost:8888 avinash@<IP-Address> - Port forwarding

Enabling SSH:

• ls .ssh
• ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa avinash@<IP-Address>
• ssh avinash@172.190.120.45

Inside VM:

• tmux kill-session -t 1
• tmux a -t 1
• tmux ls
• tmux
• sudo shutdown
• df -h
• htop
• ps
• ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/mykey user@host Also refer Tmux cheat-sheet & SSH Basics

Prefect Commands

Prefect is an orchestration tool

Prefect Documentation

• prefect version
• prefect server start
• prefect deployment build prefect_tryouts.py:hello_world -n demo-deployment
• prefect deployment apply hello_world-deployment.yaml
• prefect agent start -q <work_queue_name>
• prefect cloud login

Other Tips

Some ways to reduce efforts while developing code

To reduce the size of PDFs in PDF X-Change Editor:

Organize -> Resize -> Percentage -> [Reduce to a size which fit the requirement]. (Keep 'Context Scale Options' all check)

To beautify JSONs: Ctrl + Alt + L (Option + cmd + L on Mac)

To select a URL fully: Ctrl + W

Extend Selection:

• In Mac: Option + Up or Option + Down

• In Windows: Ctrl + W

Get IP address of the Mac:

• curl ifconfig.me

To convert a string to base64 in Mac:

• `echo 'string' | base64 # To encode
• 'c3RyaW5nCg==' | base64 -D # To decode

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These commands are written in such a way that helps me understand them. I might add more, or delete some, based on whatever is relevant to me.

Note: I'll keep on updating these commands as I use them.