Add rule deprecation infrastructure #24190

Job	Run time
cargo fmt	14s
Determine changes	7s
pre-commit	31s
python package	1m 5s
mkdocs	2m 21s
cargo test (windows)	5m 33s
cargo test (linux)	3m 38s
cargo clippy	1m 42s
cargo test (wasm)	1m 17s
benchmarks	6m 3s
cargo fuzz	5m 23s
test scripts	56s
cargo udeps	1m 47s
formatter instabilities and black similarity	5m 9s
test ruff-lsp	19s
ecosystem	8m 48s
	44m 53s

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