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[SPARK-32802][SQL] Avoid using SpecificInternalRow in RunLengthEncoding#Encoder #29654

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@sunchao sunchao commented Sep 5, 2020

What changes were proposed in this pull request?

Currently RunLengthEncoding#Encoder uses SpecificInternalRow as a holder for the current value when calculating compression stats and doing the actual compression. It calls ColumnType.copyField and ColumnType.getField on the internal row which incurs extra cost comparing to directly operating on the internal type. This proposes to replace the SpecificInternalRow with T#InternalType to avoid the extra cost.

Why are the changes needed?

Operating on SpecificInternalRow carries certain cost and negatively impact performance when using RunLengthEncoding for compression.

With the change I see some improvements through CompressionSchemeBenchmark:

 Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-9880H CPU @ 2.30GHz
 BOOLEAN Encode:                           Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-PassThrough(1.000)                                    1              1           0      51957.0           0.0       1.0X
-RunLengthEncoding(2.502)                            549            555           9        122.2           8.2       0.0X
-BooleanBitSet(0.125)                                296            301           3        226.6           4.4       0.0X
+PassThrough(1.000)                                    2              2           0      42985.4           0.0       1.0X
+RunLengthEncoding(2.517)                            487            500          10        137.7           7.3       0.0X
+BooleanBitSet(0.125)                                348            353           4        192.8           5.2       0.0X

 OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 11.0.8+10-LTS on Mac OS X 10.15.5
 Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-9880H CPU @ 2.30GHz
 SHORT Encode (Lower Skew):                Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-PassThrough(1.000)                                    3              3           0      22779.9           0.0       1.0X
-RunLengthEncoding(1.520)                           1186           1192           9         56.6          17.7       0.0X
+PassThrough(1.000)                                    3              4           0      21216.6           0.0       1.0X
+RunLengthEncoding(1.493)                            882            931          50         76.1          13.1       0.0X

 OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 11.0.8+10-LTS on Mac OS X 10.15.5
 Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-9880H CPU @ 2.30GHz
 SHORT Encode (Higher Skew):               Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-PassThrough(1.000)                                    3              4           0      21352.2           0.0       1.0X
-RunLengthEncoding(2.009)                           1173           1175           3         57.2          17.5       0.0X
+PassThrough(1.000)                                    3              3           0      22388.6           0.0       1.0X
+RunLengthEncoding(2.015)                            924            941          23         72.6          13.8       0.0X

 OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 11.0.8+10-LTS on Mac OS X 10.15.5
 Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-9880H CPU @ 2.30GHz
 INT Encode (Lower Skew):                  Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-PassThrough(1.000)                                    9             10           1       7410.1           0.1       1.0X
-RunLengthEncoding(1.000)                           1499           1502           4         44.8          22.3       0.0X
-DictionaryEncoding(0.500)                           621            630          11        108.0           9.3       0.0X
-IntDelta(0.250)                                     134            149          10        502.0           2.0       0.1X
+PassThrough(1.000)                                    9             10           1       7575.9           0.1       1.0X
+RunLengthEncoding(1.002)                            952            966          12         70.5          14.2       0.0X
+DictionaryEncoding(0.500)                           561            567           6        119.7           8.4       0.0X
+IntDelta(0.250)                                     129            134           3        521.9           1.9       0.1X

 OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 11.0.8+10-LTS on Mac OS X 10.15.5
 Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-9880H CPU @ 2.30GHz
 INT Encode (Higher Skew):                 Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-PassThrough(1.000)                                    9             10           1       7668.3           0.1       1.0X
-RunLengthEncoding(1.332)                           1561           1685         175         43.0          23.3       0.0X
-DictionaryEncoding(0.501)                           616            642          21        108.9           9.2       0.0X
-IntDelta(0.250)                                     126            131           2        533.4           1.9       0.1X
+PassThrough(1.000)                                    9             10           1       7494.1           0.1       1.0X
+RunLengthEncoding(1.336)                            974            987          13         68.9          14.5       0.0X
+DictionaryEncoding(0.501)                           709            719          10         94.6          10.6       0.0X
+IntDelta(0.250)                                     127            132           4        528.4           1.9       0.1X

 OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 11.0.8+10-LTS on Mac OS X 10.15.5
 Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-9880H CPU @ 2.30GHz
 LONG Encode (Lower Skew):                 Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-PassThrough(1.000)                                   18             19           1       3803.0           0.3       1.0X
-RunLengthEncoding(0.754)                           1526           1540          20         44.0          22.7       0.0X
-DictionaryEncoding(0.250)                           735            759          33         91.3          11.0       0.0X
-LongDelta(0.125)                                    126            129           2        530.8           1.9       0.1X
+PassThrough(1.000)                                   19             21           1       3543.5           0.3       1.0X
+RunLengthEncoding(0.747)                           1049           1058          12         63.9          15.6       0.0X
+DictionaryEncoding(0.250)                           620            634          17        108.2           9.2       0.0X
+LongDelta(0.125)                                    129            132           2        520.1           1.9       0.1X

 OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 11.0.8+10-LTS on Mac OS X 10.15.5
 Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-9880H CPU @ 2.30GHz
 LONG Encode (Higher Skew):                Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-PassThrough(1.000)                                   18             20           1       3705.4           0.3       1.0X
-RunLengthEncoding(1.002)                           1665           1669           6         40.3          24.8       0.0X
-DictionaryEncoding(0.251)                           890            901          11         75.4          13.3       0.0X
-LongDelta(0.125)                                    125            130           3        537.2           1.9       0.1X
+PassThrough(1.000)                                   18             20           2       3726.8           0.3       1.0X
+RunLengthEncoding(0.999)                           1076           1077           2         62.4          16.0       0.0X
+DictionaryEncoding(0.251)                           904            919          19         74.3          13.5       0.0X
+LongDelta(0.125)                                    125            131           4        536.5           1.9       0.1X

 OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 11.0.8+10-LTS on Mac OS X 10.15.5
 Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-9880H CPU @ 2.30GHz
 STRING Encode:                            Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-PassThrough(1.000)                                   27             30           2       2497.1           0.4       1.0X
-RunLengthEncoding(0.892)                           3443           3587         204         19.5          51.3       0.0X
-DictionaryEncoding(0.167)                          2286           2290           6         29.4          34.1       0.0X
+PassThrough(1.000)                                   28             31           2       2430.2           0.4       1.0X
+RunLengthEncoding(0.889)                           1798           1800           3         37.3          26.8       0.0X
+DictionaryEncoding(0.167)                          1956           1959           4         34.3          29.1       0.0X

In the above diff, new results are with changes in this PR. It can be seen that encoding performance has improved quite a lot especially for string type.

Does this PR introduce any user-facing change?

No.

How was this patch tested?

Relies on existing unit tests.

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SparkQA commented Sep 6, 2020

Test build #128322 has finished for PR 29654 at commit f3f6fc5.

  • This patch fails Spark unit tests.
  • This patch merges cleanly.
  • This patch adds no public classes.

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SparkQA commented Sep 8, 2020

Test build #128422 has finished for PR 29654 at commit 903992b.

  • This patch passes all tests.
  • This patch merges cleanly.
  • This patch adds no public classes.

@sunchao sunchao changed the title [WIP][SPARK-32802][SQL] Avoid using SpecificInternalRow in RunLengthEncoding#Encoder [SPARK-32802][SQL] Avoid using SpecificInternalRow in RunLengthEncoding#Encoder Sep 9, 2020
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SparkQA commented Sep 9, 2020

Test build #128432 has finished for PR 29654 at commit 2e18856.

  • This patch fails due to an unknown error code, -9.
  • This patch merges cleanly.
  • This patch adds no public classes.

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sunchao commented Sep 10, 2020

@maropu could you review this PR? thanks!

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maropu commented Sep 10, 2020

The performance gain and the code changes look good to me. It would be nice to have more reviews. cc: @rednaxelafx @kiszk @srowen

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maropu commented Sep 11, 2020

Have you checked the performance on jdk8, too? Could you update the golden files?

  • benchmarks/CompressionSchemeBenchmark-results.txt
  • benchmarks/CompressionSchemeBenchmark-jdk11-results.txt

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srowen commented Sep 11, 2020

I don't know enough to review the logic but it looks plausible.

if (lastValue.isNullAt(0)) {
columnType.copyField(row, ordinal, lastValue, 0)
if (lastValue == null) {
lastValue = columnType.clone(columnType.getField(row, ordinal))
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Do we need clone() here? While I guess that this is for UTF8String, lastValue is used only for keeping a value. Thus, it is ok with just keeping the reference for UTF8String.

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@kiszk Yes it is because UTF8String. We reuse InternalRow during each iteration and since UTF8String is backed by the same memory region in the InternalRow, it will be updated each time as we load a new row, which is not correct.

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got it, thank you for your clarification.

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kiszk commented Sep 11, 2020

Looks good. I have one question.

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sunchao commented Sep 11, 2020

Have you checked the performance on jdk8, too? Could you update the golden files?

  • benchmarks/CompressionSchemeBenchmark-results.txt
  • benchmarks/CompressionSchemeBenchmark-jdk11-results.txt

Haven't checked jdk8. Let me do that and update the golden files.

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viirya commented Sep 11, 2020

cc @cloud-fan

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sunchao commented Sep 11, 2020

Thanks. I think the CI failure is not related. Probably it is caused by #29640

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srowen commented Sep 12, 2020

Wait, where do you see the CI failure?

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sunchao commented Sep 12, 2020

@srowen I see this in the "Python lint" section, and this happened to two of my PRs which do not touch Python at all.

I think it is just a simple fix. Let me come up with a PR quickly.

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srowen commented Sep 12, 2020

OK right I see it locally anyway. I can submit a fix, I have the PR now.

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sunchao commented Sep 12, 2020

OK right I see it locally anyway. I can submit a fix, I have the PR now.

Oops. I just filed #29733

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SparkQA commented Sep 12, 2020

Test build #128582 has finished for PR 29654 at commit bcda6c2.

  • This patch passes all tests.
  • This patch merges cleanly.
  • This patch adds no public classes.

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+1, LGTM. Thank you, @sunchao and all.
Merged to master for Apache Spark 3.1.0 on December 2020.

cc @cloud-fan and @gatorsmile

@@ -182,8 +181,7 @@ private[columnar] case object RunLengthEncoding extends CompressionScheme {
private var _uncompressedSize = 0
private var _compressedSize = 0

// Using `MutableRow` to store the last value to avoid boxing/unboxing cost.
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do you mean the overhead of boxing is smaller than the overhead of indirections introduced by SpecificInternalRow?

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The benchmark result does. Please let us know if we need other validation, @cloud-fan .

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I'm fine with it, but it's better to spell out this key finding in the PR description, so that people don't need to infer it from the benchmark results by themselves.

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Yea, I also think this finding looks interesting. I'm not sure that this rule (the overhead of boxing is smaller than the overhead of indirections) always hold on any JVM implementations, but I think its importatnt to notice this performance property for future developement.

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Thanks for the comments @cloud-fan @dongjoon-hyun and @maropu , and yes my bad for not putting enough info in the PR description. The comment is pretty old and I'm not sure what has changed over the years. By examine flamegraph from a test run I observed boxing both before and after the change:

Before:

Screen Shot 2020-09-14 at 10 30 05 AM

After:

Screen Shot 2020-09-14 at 10 37 05 AM

Even though the time spent on the boxing part is noticeably less after the change (it could have sth to do with my sample size though).

Perhaps we can open a JIRA to investigate this further? we could have more room for improvement if we can completely eliminate the boxing/unboxing.

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@sunchao It is hard to guess the difference of boxing between two flamegraphs, can you show the percentage of boxing in each flamegraph?

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@viirya Sure. Here's complete graphs

Before:

Screen Shot 2020-09-14 at 11 45 43 AM

After:

Screen Shot 2020-09-14 at 11 45 52 AM

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Ah sorry @viirya just noticed you were asking for percentage. I calculated. Before the change it was 2.76% and after it is 1.31%.

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This is nice :-)

holdenk pushed a commit to holdenk/spark that referenced this pull request Oct 27, 2020
…ng#Encoder

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?

Currently `RunLengthEncoding#Encoder` uses `SpecificInternalRow` as a holder for the current value when calculating compression stats and doing the actual compression. It calls `ColumnType.copyField` and `ColumnType.getField` on the internal row which incurs extra cost comparing to directly operating on the internal type. This proposes to replace the `SpecificInternalRow` with `T#InternalType` to avoid the extra cost.

### Why are the changes needed?

Operating on `SpecificInternalRow` carries certain cost and negatively impact performance when using `RunLengthEncoding` for compression.

With the change I see some improvements through `CompressionSchemeBenchmark`:

```diff
 Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-9880H CPU  2.30GHz
 BOOLEAN Encode:                           Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-PassThrough(1.000)                                    1              1           0      51957.0           0.0       1.0X
-RunLengthEncoding(2.502)                            549            555           9        122.2           8.2       0.0X
-BooleanBitSet(0.125)                                296            301           3        226.6           4.4       0.0X
+PassThrough(1.000)                                    2              2           0      42985.4           0.0       1.0X
+RunLengthEncoding(2.517)                            487            500          10        137.7           7.3       0.0X
+BooleanBitSet(0.125)                                348            353           4        192.8           5.2       0.0X

 OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 11.0.8+10-LTS on Mac OS X 10.15.5
 Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-9880H CPU  2.30GHz
 SHORT Encode (Lower Skew):                Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-PassThrough(1.000)                                    3              3           0      22779.9           0.0       1.0X
-RunLengthEncoding(1.520)                           1186           1192           9         56.6          17.7       0.0X
+PassThrough(1.000)                                    3              4           0      21216.6           0.0       1.0X
+RunLengthEncoding(1.493)                            882            931          50         76.1          13.1       0.0X

 OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 11.0.8+10-LTS on Mac OS X 10.15.5
 Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-9880H CPU  2.30GHz
 SHORT Encode (Higher Skew):               Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-PassThrough(1.000)                                    3              4           0      21352.2           0.0       1.0X
-RunLengthEncoding(2.009)                           1173           1175           3         57.2          17.5       0.0X
+PassThrough(1.000)                                    3              3           0      22388.6           0.0       1.0X
+RunLengthEncoding(2.015)                            924            941          23         72.6          13.8       0.0X

 OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 11.0.8+10-LTS on Mac OS X 10.15.5
 Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-9880H CPU  2.30GHz
 INT Encode (Lower Skew):                  Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-PassThrough(1.000)                                    9             10           1       7410.1           0.1       1.0X
-RunLengthEncoding(1.000)                           1499           1502           4         44.8          22.3       0.0X
-DictionaryEncoding(0.500)                           621            630          11        108.0           9.3       0.0X
-IntDelta(0.250)                                     134            149          10        502.0           2.0       0.1X
+PassThrough(1.000)                                    9             10           1       7575.9           0.1       1.0X
+RunLengthEncoding(1.002)                            952            966          12         70.5          14.2       0.0X
+DictionaryEncoding(0.500)                           561            567           6        119.7           8.4       0.0X
+IntDelta(0.250)                                     129            134           3        521.9           1.9       0.1X

 OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 11.0.8+10-LTS on Mac OS X 10.15.5
 Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-9880H CPU  2.30GHz
 INT Encode (Higher Skew):                 Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-PassThrough(1.000)                                    9             10           1       7668.3           0.1       1.0X
-RunLengthEncoding(1.332)                           1561           1685         175         43.0          23.3       0.0X
-DictionaryEncoding(0.501)                           616            642          21        108.9           9.2       0.0X
-IntDelta(0.250)                                     126            131           2        533.4           1.9       0.1X
+PassThrough(1.000)                                    9             10           1       7494.1           0.1       1.0X
+RunLengthEncoding(1.336)                            974            987          13         68.9          14.5       0.0X
+DictionaryEncoding(0.501)                           709            719          10         94.6          10.6       0.0X
+IntDelta(0.250)                                     127            132           4        528.4           1.9       0.1X

 OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 11.0.8+10-LTS on Mac OS X 10.15.5
 Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-9880H CPU  2.30GHz
 LONG Encode (Lower Skew):                 Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-PassThrough(1.000)                                   18             19           1       3803.0           0.3       1.0X
-RunLengthEncoding(0.754)                           1526           1540          20         44.0          22.7       0.0X
-DictionaryEncoding(0.250)                           735            759          33         91.3          11.0       0.0X
-LongDelta(0.125)                                    126            129           2        530.8           1.9       0.1X
+PassThrough(1.000)                                   19             21           1       3543.5           0.3       1.0X
+RunLengthEncoding(0.747)                           1049           1058          12         63.9          15.6       0.0X
+DictionaryEncoding(0.250)                           620            634          17        108.2           9.2       0.0X
+LongDelta(0.125)                                    129            132           2        520.1           1.9       0.1X

 OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 11.0.8+10-LTS on Mac OS X 10.15.5
 Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-9880H CPU  2.30GHz
 LONG Encode (Higher Skew):                Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-PassThrough(1.000)                                   18             20           1       3705.4           0.3       1.0X
-RunLengthEncoding(1.002)                           1665           1669           6         40.3          24.8       0.0X
-DictionaryEncoding(0.251)                           890            901          11         75.4          13.3       0.0X
-LongDelta(0.125)                                    125            130           3        537.2           1.9       0.1X
+PassThrough(1.000)                                   18             20           2       3726.8           0.3       1.0X
+RunLengthEncoding(0.999)                           1076           1077           2         62.4          16.0       0.0X
+DictionaryEncoding(0.251)                           904            919          19         74.3          13.5       0.0X
+LongDelta(0.125)                                    125            131           4        536.5           1.9       0.1X

 OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 11.0.8+10-LTS on Mac OS X 10.15.5
 Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-9880H CPU  2.30GHz
 STRING Encode:                            Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-PassThrough(1.000)                                   27             30           2       2497.1           0.4       1.0X
-RunLengthEncoding(0.892)                           3443           3587         204         19.5          51.3       0.0X
-DictionaryEncoding(0.167)                          2286           2290           6         29.4          34.1       0.0X
+PassThrough(1.000)                                   28             31           2       2430.2           0.4       1.0X
+RunLengthEncoding(0.889)                           1798           1800           3         37.3          26.8       0.0X
+DictionaryEncoding(0.167)                          1956           1959           4         34.3          29.1       0.0X
```

In the above diff, new results are with changes in this PR. It can be seen that encoding performance has improved quite a lot especially for string type.

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?

No.

### How was this patch tested?

Relies on existing unit tests.

Closes apache#29654 from sunchao/SPARK-32802.

Authored-by: Chao Sun <sunchao@apache.org>
Signed-off-by: Dongjoon Hyun <dongjoon@apache.org>
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