Python: Change UUID representation to bytes and add integration tests

[HonahX]

Fixes: #8248

This PR changes the value stored in UUID literal from uuid to bytes and add relevant integration tests for unpartitined uuid tables

[Fokko]

Some small comments, thanks for fixing this @HonahX

[Fokko]

Suggested change

	return UUIDLiteral(value) # type: ignore
	return UUIDLiteral(value.bytes)

[HonahX]

Thanks for your suggestion. I tried this and it turned out that the error here:

Incompatible return value type (got "UUIDLiteral", expected "Literal[UUID]")  [return-value]

is due to the literal function expecting a return value of Literal(<Type of value>).
Hence, we need this ignore since UUIDLiteral is now a Literal[bytes]

I chose to let the initialization of UUIDLiteral still take UUID as input to maintain minimal changes to initialization code in other places. I think letting UUIDLiteral.__init__ takes bytes or Union[bytes, uuid] is also reasonable. Please let me know if you prefer other way of initialization this class.

[Fokko]

So, the UUIDLiteral is not intended to be used by the user. The user would pass in:

>>> l = literal('27f6397c-65b9-4464-a2f5-f4ee81629134')
StringLiteral('27f6397c-65b9-4464-a2f5-f4ee81629134')

And then internally, when binding to the schema, it will be converted into an UUID, which is failing right now:

>>> from pyiceberg.types import UUIDType
>>> l.to(UUIDType)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/functools.py", line 914, in _method
    return method.__get__(obj, cls)(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/Users/fokkodriesprong/Desktop/iceberg/python/pyiceberg/expressions/literals.py", line 519, in to
    raise TypeError(f"Cannot convert StringLiteral into {type_var}")
TypeError: Cannot convert StringLiteral into <class 'pyiceberg.types.UUIDType'>

Which means that we need to implement this one as well.

The same is for the bytes:

>>> from uuid import UUID
>>> u = UUID('27f6397c-65b9-4464-a2f5-f4ee81629134')
>>> l = literal(u.bytes)
>>> l
BinaryLiteral(b"'\xf69|e\xb9Dd\xa2\xf5\xf4\xee\x81b\x914")
>>> l.to(UUIDType)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/functools.py", line 914, in _method
    return method.__get__(obj, cls)(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/Users/fokkodriesprong/Desktop/iceberg/python/pyiceberg/expressions/literals.py", line 640, in to
    raise TypeError(f"Cannot convert BinaryLiteral into {type_var}")
TypeError: Cannot convert BinaryLiteral into <class 'pyiceberg.types.UUIDType'>

I think we need to extend the literal constructor with many more types, such as datetime, date, time, UUID, etc. For the datetime related, I've created a separate issue: #8282 Maybe we can add UUID to literal(..) in this PR to avoid backward incompatibility.

[HonahX]

Thanks for the explanation! I added conversions from BinaryLiteral to UUID and from FixedLiteral to UUID, and related tests.
Here is a summarization of the supported conversion now:

from pyiceberg.expressions.literals import *
from pyiceberg.types import *
import uuid

test_uuid = uuid.UUID('d4ccb06d-e7de-48e6-ad05-649fe8deda50')

lu = literal(test_uuid)
ls = literal('d4ccb06d-e7de-48e6-ad05-649fe8deda50')
lbinary = literal(test_uuid.bytes)
lfixed = literal(test_uuid.bytes).to(FixedType(16))

assert lu.value == test_uuid.bytes
assert ls.to(UUIDType()) == lu
assert lbinary.to(UUIDType()) == lu
assert lfixed.to(UUIDType()) == lu

[HonahX]

Seems the console conversion from string to uuid fails because to expect a type instance:
l.to(UUIDType())

[Fokko]

Thanks @HonahX for fixing this and also smoothing out the code 👍🏻