feat(csharp): adding C# functionality (#697)

Introduces C# functionality for ADBC, including  base classes for

- AdbcDriver
- AdbcDatabase
- AdbcConnection
- AdbcStatement

Also adds a FlightSql implementation

Currently tied to Arrow 13.0.0. Uses a submodule to pull in the Arrow
library until the latest NuGet is released.

---------

Co-authored-by: Eric Erhardt <eric.erhardt@microsoft.com>

csharp/.editorconfig

@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+root = true
+
+# Default settings:
+# A newline ending every file
+# Use 4 spaces as indentation
+[*]
+insert_final_newline = true
+indent_style = space
+indent_size = 4
+trim_trailing_whitespace = true
+
+# C# files
+[*.cs]
+# New line preferences
+csharp_new_line_before_open_brace = all
+csharp_new_line_before_else = true
+csharp_new_line_before_catch = true
+csharp_new_line_before_finally = true
+csharp_new_line_before_members_in_object_initializers = true
+csharp_new_line_before_members_in_anonymous_types = true
+csharp_new_line_between_query_expression_clauses = true
+
+# Indentation preferences
+csharp_indent_block_contents = true
+csharp_indent_braces = false
+csharp_indent_case_contents = true
+csharp_indent_case_contents_when_block = true
+csharp_indent_switch_labels = true
+csharp_indent_labels = one_less_than_current
+
+# Modifier preferences
+csharp_preferred_modifier_order = public,private,protected,internal,static,extern,new,virtual,abstract,sealed,override,readonly,unsafe,volatile,async:suggestion
+
+# avoid this. unless absolutely necessary
+dotnet_style_qualification_for_field = false:suggestion
+dotnet_style_qualification_for_property = false:suggestion
+dotnet_style_qualification_for_method = false:suggestion
+dotnet_style_qualification_for_event = false:suggestion
+
+# Types: use keywords instead of BCL types, and permit var only when the type is clear
+csharp_style_var_for_built_in_types = false:suggestion
+csharp_style_var_when_type_is_apparent = false:none
+csharp_style_var_elsewhere = false:suggestion
+dotnet_style_predefined_type_for_locals_parameters_members = true:suggestion
+dotnet_style_predefined_type_for_member_access = true:suggestion
+
+# name all constant fields using PascalCase
+dotnet_naming_rule.constant_fields_should_be_pascal_case.severity = suggestion
+dotnet_naming_rule.constant_fields_should_be_pascal_case.symbols  = constant_fields
+dotnet_naming_rule.constant_fields_should_be_pascal_case.style    = pascal_case_style
+dotnet_naming_symbols.constant_fields.applicable_kinds   = field
+dotnet_naming_symbols.constant_fields.required_modifiers = const
+dotnet_naming_style.pascal_case_style.capitalization = pascal_case
+
+# static fields should have s_ prefix
+dotnet_naming_rule.static_fields_should_have_prefix.severity = suggestion
+dotnet_naming_rule.static_fields_should_have_prefix.symbols  = static_fields
+dotnet_naming_rule.static_fields_should_have_prefix.style    = static_prefix_style
+dotnet_naming_symbols.static_fields.applicable_kinds   = field
+dotnet_naming_symbols.static_fields.required_modifiers = static
+dotnet_naming_symbols.static_fields.applicable_accessibilities = private, internal, private_protected
+dotnet_naming_style.static_prefix_style.required_prefix = s_
+dotnet_naming_style.static_prefix_style.capitalization = camel_case
+
+# internal and private fields should be _camelCase
+dotnet_naming_rule.camel_case_for_private_internal_fields.severity = suggestion
+dotnet_naming_rule.camel_case_for_private_internal_fields.symbols  = private_internal_fields
+dotnet_naming_rule.camel_case_for_private_internal_fields.style    = camel_case_underscore_style
+dotnet_naming_symbols.private_internal_fields.applicable_kinds = field
+dotnet_naming_symbols.private_internal_fields.applicable_accessibilities = private, internal
+dotnet_naming_style.camel_case_underscore_style.required_prefix = _
+dotnet_naming_style.camel_case_underscore_style.capitalization = camel_case
+
+# Code style defaults
+csharp_using_directive_placement = outside_namespace:suggestion
+dotnet_sort_system_directives_first = true
+csharp_prefer_braces = true:refactoring
+csharp_preserve_single_line_blocks = true:none
+csharp_preserve_single_line_statements = false:none
+csharp_prefer_static_local_function = true:suggestion
+csharp_prefer_simple_using_statement = false:none
+csharp_style_prefer_switch_expression = true:suggestion
+
+# Code quality
+dotnet_style_readonly_field = true:suggestion
+dotnet_code_quality_unused_parameters = non_public:suggestion
+
+# Expression-level preferences
+dotnet_style_object_initializer = true:suggestion
+dotnet_style_collection_initializer = true:suggestion
+dotnet_style_explicit_tuple_names = true:suggestion
+dotnet_style_coalesce_expression = true:suggestion
+dotnet_style_null_propagation = true:suggestion
+dotnet_style_prefer_is_null_check_over_reference_equality_method = true:suggestion
+dotnet_style_prefer_inferred_tuple_names = true:suggestion
+dotnet_style_prefer_inferred_anonymous_type_member_names = true:suggestion
+dotnet_style_prefer_auto_properties = true:suggestion
+dotnet_style_prefer_conditional_expression_over_assignment = true:refactoring
+dotnet_style_prefer_conditional_expression_over_return = true:refactoring
+csharp_prefer_simple_default_expression = true:suggestion
+
+# Expression-bodied members
+csharp_style_expression_bodied_methods = true:refactoring
+csharp_style_expression_bodied_constructors = true:refactoring
+csharp_style_expression_bodied_operators = true:refactoring
+csharp_style_expression_bodied_properties = true:refactoring
+csharp_style_expression_bodied_indexers = true:refactoring
+csharp_style_expression_bodied_accessors = true:refactoring
+csharp_style_expression_bodied_lambdas = true:refactoring
+csharp_style_expression_bodied_local_functions = true:refactoring
+
+# Pattern matching
+csharp_style_pattern_matching_over_is_with_cast_check = true:suggestion
+csharp_style_pattern_matching_over_as_with_null_check = true:suggestion
+csharp_style_inlined_variable_declaration = true:suggestion
+
+# Null checking preferences
+csharp_style_throw_expression = true:suggestion
+csharp_style_conditional_delegate_call = true:suggestion
+
+# Other features
+csharp_style_prefer_index_operator = false:none
+csharp_style_prefer_range_operator = false:none
+csharp_style_pattern_local_over_anonymous_function = false:none
+
+# Space preferences
+csharp_space_after_cast = false
+csharp_space_after_colon_in_inheritance_clause = true
+csharp_space_after_comma = true
+csharp_space_after_dot = false
+csharp_space_after_keywords_in_control_flow_statements = true
+csharp_space_after_semicolon_in_for_statement = true
+csharp_space_around_binary_operators = before_and_after
+csharp_space_around_declaration_statements = do_not_ignore
+csharp_space_before_colon_in_inheritance_clause = true
+csharp_space_before_comma = false
+csharp_space_before_dot = false
+csharp_space_before_open_square_brackets = false
+csharp_space_before_semicolon_in_for_statement = false
+csharp_space_between_empty_square_brackets = false
+csharp_space_between_method_call_empty_parameter_list_parentheses = false
+csharp_space_between_method_call_name_and_opening_parenthesis = false
+csharp_space_between_method_call_parameter_list_parentheses = false
+csharp_space_between_method_declaration_empty_parameter_list_parentheses = false
+csharp_space_between_method_declaration_name_and_open_parenthesis = false
+csharp_space_between_method_declaration_parameter_list_parentheses = false
+csharp_space_between_parentheses = false
+csharp_space_between_square_brackets = false
+
+# Xml project files
+[*.{csproj,props,targets}]
+indent_size = 2
+charset = utf-8

csharp/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+.vs
+.vscode
+bin
+obj
+x64
+*.dll
+*.lib
+*.obj
+*.exe
+*.csproj.user
+*.pass
+
+src/arrow
+artifacts/

csharp/.gitmodules

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+[submodule "arrow"]
+	path = arrow
+	url = https://github.com/apache/arrow
+	branch = main

csharp/Apache.Arrow.Adbc.sln

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
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+# Visual Studio Version 17
+VisualStudioVersion = 17.4.33403.182
+MinimumVisualStudioVersion = 10.0.40219.1
+Project("{9A19103F-16F7-4668-BE54-9A1E7A4F7556}") = "Apache.Arrow.Adbc", "src\Apache.Arrow.Adbc\Apache.Arrow.Adbc.csproj", "{232F2EC7-5FD3-4E0B-89FF-317A15CF698F}"
+EndProject
+Project("{2150E333-8FDC-42A3-9474-1A3956D46DE8}") = "Arrow", "Arrow", "{9ADA26E0-F328-4466-908A-2FA506DBDF7D}"
+EndProject
+Project("{9A19103F-16F7-4668-BE54-9A1E7A4F7556}") = "Apache.Arrow", "src\arrow\csharp\src\Apache.Arrow\Apache.Arrow.csproj", "{851FBF0D-21A8-4C04-A040-24B6AAE31D2C}"
+EndProject
+Project("{9A19103F-16F7-4668-BE54-9A1E7A4F7556}") = "Apache.Arrow.Adbc.FlightSql", "src\Apache.Arrow.Adbc.FlightSql\Apache.Arrow.Adbc.FlightSql.csproj", "{93D7AD3B-D6DC-4123-9796-63DD35A4708F}"
+EndProject
+Project("{9A19103F-16F7-4668-BE54-9A1E7A4F7556}") = "Apache.Arrow.Adbc.Tests", "test\Apache.Arrow.Adbc.Tests\Apache.Arrow.Adbc.Tests.csproj", "{00C143BA-F1CF-4117-9DE6-E73DC4D208F8}"
+EndProject
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+EndProject
+Project("{2150E333-8FDC-42A3-9474-1A3956D46DE8}") = "Tests", "Tests", "{5BD04C26-CE52-4893-8C1A-479705195CEF}"
+EndProject
+Global
+	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
+		Debug|Any CPU = Debug|Any CPU
+		Release|Any CPU = Release|Any CPU
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(ProjectConfigurationPlatforms) = postSolution
+		{232F2EC7-5FD3-4E0B-89FF-317A15CF698F}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{232F2EC7-5FD3-4E0B-89FF-317A15CF698F}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{232F2EC7-5FD3-4E0B-89FF-317A15CF698F}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{232F2EC7-5FD3-4E0B-89FF-317A15CF698F}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{851FBF0D-21A8-4C04-A040-24B6AAE31D2C}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{851FBF0D-21A8-4C04-A040-24B6AAE31D2C}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{851FBF0D-21A8-4C04-A040-24B6AAE31D2C}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{851FBF0D-21A8-4C04-A040-24B6AAE31D2C}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{93D7AD3B-D6DC-4123-9796-63DD35A4708F}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{93D7AD3B-D6DC-4123-9796-63DD35A4708F}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{93D7AD3B-D6DC-4123-9796-63DD35A4708F}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{93D7AD3B-D6DC-4123-9796-63DD35A4708F}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{00C143BA-F1CF-4117-9DE6-E73DC4D208F8}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{00C143BA-F1CF-4117-9DE6-E73DC4D208F8}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{00C143BA-F1CF-4117-9DE6-E73DC4D208F8}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{00C143BA-F1CF-4117-9DE6-E73DC4D208F8}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
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+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
+		HideSolutionNode = FALSE
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(NestedProjects) = preSolution
+		{851FBF0D-21A8-4C04-A040-24B6AAE31D2C} = {9ADA26E0-F328-4466-908A-2FA506DBDF7D}
+		{00C143BA-F1CF-4117-9DE6-E73DC4D208F8} = {5BD04C26-CE52-4893-8C1A-479705195CEF}
+		{23C3952F-2AB8-40B9-AD95-E06ECEB12D7A} = {5BD04C26-CE52-4893-8C1A-479705195CEF}
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(ExtensibilityGlobals) = postSolution
+		SolutionGuid = {4795CF16-0FDB-4BE0-9768-5CF31564DC03}
+	EndGlobalSection
+EndGlobal

csharp/Directory.Build.props

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+<!--
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+  contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License.
+-->
+
+<Project>
+
+  <!-- Common repo directories -->
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <RepoRoot>$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)../</RepoRoot>
+    <CSharpDir>$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)</CSharpDir>
+    <BaseOutputPath>$(CSharpDir)/artifacts/$(MSBuildProjectName)</BaseOutputPath>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <!-- AssemblyInfo properties -->
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <Product>Apache Arrow ADBC library</Product>
+    <Copyright>Copyright 2022-2023 The Apache Software Foundation</Copyright>
+    <Company>The Apache Software Foundation</Company>
+    <Version>0.5.0</Version>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <EmbedUntrackedSources>true</EmbedUntrackedSources>
+    <LangVersion>latest</LangVersion>
+    <SignAssembly>true</SignAssembly>
+    <AssemblyOriginatorKeyFile>$(CSharpDir)ApacheArrow.snk</AssemblyOriginatorKeyFile>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <!-- NuGet properties -->
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <Authors>The Apache Software Foundation</Authors>
+    <PackageIconUrl>https://www.apache.org/images/feather.png</PackageIconUrl>
+    <!-- We can't use PackageLicenseExpression; the license file also contains 3rd-party notices. -->
+    <PackageLicenseFile>LICENSE.txt</PackageLicenseFile>
+    <PackageProjectUrl>https://arrow.apache.org/</PackageProjectUrl>
+    <PackageTags>apache arrow adbc</PackageTags>
+    <RepositoryType>git</RepositoryType>
+    <RepositoryUrl>https://github.com/apache/arrow-adbc</RepositoryUrl>
+    <IncludeSymbols>true</IncludeSymbols>
+    <SymbolPackageFormat>snupkg</SymbolPackageFormat>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup Condition="'$(IsPackable)' == 'true'">
+    <Content Include="$(RepoRoot)LICENSE.txt" Pack="true" PackagePath="" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>

csharp/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<!---
+  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+  or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+  distributed with this work for additional information
+  regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+  to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+  "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+  with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+  software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+  "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+  KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+  specific language governing permissions and limitations
+  under the License.
+-->
+
+# Apache Arrow ADBC
+
+An implementation of Arrow ADBC targeting .NET Standard 2.0 and .NET 6 or later.
+
+# Arrow Submodule
+
+This library uses the Arrow C Data API that is published in the [Arrow repo](https://github.com/apache/arrow/).
+
+This change has not been published to NuGet, so a submodule is currently used to obtain the Arrow project. Be sure to download the submodule so the solution loads and correctly.

csharp/src/Apache.Arrow.Adbc.FlightSql/Apache.Arrow.Adbc.FlightSql.csproj

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <TargetFrameworks>netstandard2.0;net6.0</TargetFrameworks>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="Apache.Arrow.Flight" Version="12.0.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="System.Net.Http.WinHttpHandler" Version="7.0.0" Condition="'$(TargetFrameworkIdentifier)' == '.NETStandard'" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\Apache.Arrow.Adbc\Apache.Arrow.Adbc.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>