add initial example

app/components/my-component.hbs

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+<button type="button" {{on "click" this.check}}>
+  check
+</button>

app/components/my-component.js

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+import Component from '@glimmer/component';
+import { action } from '@ember/object';
+
+export default class MyComponent extends Component {
+  @action
+  check() {
+    if (true) { // Some condition
+      throw new Error('check failed');
+    }
+  }
+}

app/components/my-other-component.hbs

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+{{yield}}

app/components/my-other-component.js

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+import Component from '@glimmer/component';
+
+export default class MyOtherComponent extends Component {
+  constructor() {
+    super(...arguments);
+
+    if (true) { // Some condition
+      throw new Error('check failed');
+    }
+  }
+}

tests/integration/components/my-component-test.js

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+import { module, test } from 'qunit';
+import { setupRenderingTest } from 'ember-qunit';
+import { render, click, setupOnerror, resetOnerror } from '@ember/test-helpers';
+import { hbs } from 'ember-cli-htmlbars';
+
+module('Integration | Component | my-component', function (hooks) {
+  setupRenderingTest(hooks);
+
+  hooks.beforeEach(function (assert) {
+    setupOnerror((error) => {
+      if (error.message.match('check failed')) {
+        assert.step('asserts correct usage of component');
+        return;
+      }
+
+      throw error;
+    });
+  });
+
+  hooks.afterEach(function () {
+    resetOnerror();
+  });
+
+  test('it throws an error if check fails', async function (assert) {
+    await render(hbs`<MyComponent />`);
+
+    await click('button');
+
+    assert.verifySteps(['asserts correct usage of component']);
+  });
+});

tests/integration/components/my-other-component-test.js

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+import { module, test } from 'qunit';
+import { setupRenderingTest } from 'ember-qunit';
+import { render, setupOnerror, resetOnerror } from '@ember/test-helpers';
+import { hbs } from 'ember-cli-htmlbars';
+
+module('Integration | Component | my-other-component', function (hooks) {
+  setupRenderingTest(hooks);
+
+  hooks.beforeEach(function (assert) {
+    setupOnerror((error) => {
+      if (error.message.match('check failed')) {
+        assert.step('asserts correct usage of component');
+        return;
+      }
+
+      throw error;
+    });
+  });
+
+  hooks.afterEach(function () {
+    resetOnerror();
+  });
+
+  test('it throws an error if check fails', async function (assert) {
+    await render(hbs`<MyOtherComponent />`);
+
+    assert.verifySteps(['asserts correct usage of component']);
+  });
+});