Add a CAT test to ensure the catalog has valid JSON nodes

[bnchrch]

First noticed: https://github.com/airbytehq/oncall/issues/2703
Sibling Issue: https://github.com/airbytehq/airbyte-internal-issues/issues/5136

Problem

We do not validate if the catalog emitted from a connector is valid json schema

As a result a catalog was persisted and used for months until the error was eventually caught by the Catalog Diff Method which throws an exception in this case
https://www.jsonschemavalidator.net/s/HU2gflxO

Quick Fix

We loosened the check of the catalog diff: airbytehq/airbyte-protocol#44

Long term fix

We add a CAT test that checks that all property nodes are valid json objects

[lazebnyi]

PR Merged - #32787