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use Phenylacetylene as XPS example
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superstar54 committed Feb 29, 2024
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65 changes: 39 additions & 26 deletions docs/source/howto/xps.rst
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Expand Up @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ How to calculate XPS spectra

Overview
========
This tutorial will guide you through the process of setting up and running an XPS calculation for CH\ :sub:`3`\CHO molecule.
This tutorial will guide you through the process of setting up and running an XPS calculation for Phenylacetylene molecule.


Steps
Expand All @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ To start, go ahead and :doc:`launch </installation/launch>` the app, then follow

Step 1 Select a structure
--------------------------------
For this tutorial task, please use the `From Example` tab, and select the CH\ :sub:`3`\CHO molecule structure.
For this tutorial task, please use the `From Example` tab, and select the Phenylacetylene molecule structure.

In the end, click the `Confirm` button.

Expand All @@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ In the **Basic Setting** tab, set the parameters which are highlighted as follow
- In the **Structure optimization** section, select ``Structure as is``.
- Set **Electronic Type** to ``Insulator``
- In the **properties** section, select ``X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)``
- In the **protocol** section, please select `fast` as the protocol for this calculation, in order to quickly get the result.


Then go to the **Advanced settings** tab, navigate to `Accuracy and precision`, tick the `Override` box on the right-hand-side and in the dropdown box under `Exchange-correlation functional` select `PBE`.
Expand All @@ -56,23 +55,23 @@ Then, lick the **Confirm** button.

Step 3 Choose computational resources
---------------------------------------
We need to use a `pw` code on the high-performance computer to run XPS calculation for this system.
Please read the relevant :doc:`How-To </howto/setup_computer_code>` section to setup code on a remote machine.

For this small system, we can use the local computer (``localhost``) to run the calculation. The code ``pw-7.2@localhost`` should already be selected by default.
In the **Resources** section, you can set the number of CPUs to 16.

In the **Resources** section, you can set the number of CPUs to 4 for the test.

Then, click the **Submit** button.

.. note::
.. image:: ../_static/images/xps_step_3.png
:align: center

In pratice, one usually need high-performance computer to run XPS calculation for large system. Please read the relevant :doc:`How-To </howto/setup_computer_code>` section to setup code on a remote machine.

Then, click the **Submit** button.



Step 4 Check the status and results
-----------------------------------------
The job may take ~2 minutes to finish.
The job may take 5~10 minutes to finish if your jobs are running immediately without waiting in the queue.

While the calculation is running, you can monitor its status as shown in the :ref:`basic tutorial <basic_status>`.
When the job is finished, you can view result spectra in the `XPS` tab.

Expand All @@ -85,19 +84,28 @@ Here is the result of the XPS calculation.
You can click the **Binding energy** button to view the calculated binding energies.
You can change which element to view XPS spectra for using the dropdown box in the top left.

.. figure:: /_static/images/xps_step_4.png
.. figure:: /_static/images/xps_step_4_xps_tab.png
:align: center

One can upload the experimental XPS spectra, and compare to the calculated XPS spectra.
There is a button on the bottom left of the XPS tab to upload the experimental data.
Here is an example of the comparison between the calculated and experimental XPS spectra [1] for the C_1s core level of Phenylacetylene.

.. figure:: /_static/images/xps_step_4_pa_exp.png
:align: center

The calculated spectra agrees well with the experimental data, underscoring the reliability of DFT calculations.


.. tip::

One can read the exact binding energies from the the output of the calculation, by clicking the `outputs` tab on the node tree of the WorkChain, as shown below.
One can also read the exact binding energies from the the output of the calculation, by clicking the `outputs` tab on the node tree of the WorkChain, as shown below.

.. figure:: /_static/images/xps_step_4_output.png
:align: center


When comparing the these binding energies to the experimental data, please correct the energies by the given offset listed in the ``Offset Energies`` table in the button of the XPS result tab.
Besides, the DFT calculated binding energies do not include spin-orbit splitting of the core level state.
The DFT calculated binding energies do not include spin-orbit splitting of the core level state.
We can include the spin-orbit splitting using its experimental value.
Take `f` orbit as a example, we need subtracting :math:`3/7` of the experimental spin-orbit splitting or adding :math:`4/7` of the DFT calculated value, to get the position of the :math:`4f_{7/2}` and :math:`4f_{5/2}` peaks, respectively. Here is a table of the spin-orbit splitting for different orbitals.

Expand All @@ -113,40 +121,45 @@ You can change which element to view XPS spectra for using the dropdown box in t
| 4f | :math:`3/7` | :math:`4/7` |
+----------------+-------------------+-------------------+



Congratulations, you have finished this tutorial!


A real world example
Another example
====================
ETFA is commonly used as example for XPS measurements and calculations due to the extreme chemical shifts of its four different carbon atoms. [1]
ETFA is commonly used as example for XPS measurements and calculations due to the extreme chemical shifts of its four different carbon atoms. [2]

.. tip::

One can select the ETFA molecule from the `From Example` tab, and follow the same steps as above to run the XPS calculation for this molecule.
One need use a high-performance computer to run XPS calculation for this system. Please read the relevant :doc:`How-To </howto/setup_computer_code>` section to setup code on a remote machine.


Here is the result of the XPS calculation for the ETFA molecule.


.. figure:: /_static/images/xps_etfa_dft.png
:align: center

Here is the chemical shift from experiment. [1]
Here is the chemical shift from experiment. [2]

.. figure:: /_static/images/xps_etfa_exp.jpg
:align: center


The calculated relative shifts align well with the trends observed in experimental data, underscoring the reliability of DFT calculations.
Although there are minor discrepancies in the absolute shift values, this is a recognized limitation stemming from the approximations in the exchange-correlation functional within DFT frameworks. [2]
Although there are minor discrepancies in the absolute shift values, this is a recognized limitation stemming from the approximations in the exchange-correlation functional within DFT frameworks. [3]

Questions
=========

If you have any questions, please, do not hesitate to ask on the AiiDA discourse forum: https://aiida.discourse.group/.

[1] O. Travnikova *et al.*, , *Relat. Phenom.* 185, 191 (2012)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elspec.2012.05.009
[2] B.P. Klein *et al.*, , *J. Phys. Condens. Matter* 33, 154005 (2021)
https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648X/abdf00


References
==========

[1] G.Iucci, *et al.*, *Chem. Phys.* 300, 13 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphys.2004.03.012

[2] O. Travnikova, *et al.*, , *Relat. Phenom.* 185, 191 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elspec.2012.05.009

[3] B.P. Klein, *et al.*, , *J. Phys. Condens. Matter* 33, 154005 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648X/abdf00
2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion src/aiidalab_qe/app/structure/__init__.py
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Expand Up @@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
("Gold (fcc)", file_path / "examples" / "Au.cif"),
("Cobalt (hcp)", file_path / "examples" / "Co.cif"),
("Lithium carbonate", file_path / "examples" / "Li2CO3.cif"),
("CH3CHO molecule", file_path / "examples" / "CH3CHO.xyz"),
("Phenylacetylene molecule", file_path / "examples" / "Phenylacetylene.xyz"),
("ETFA molecule", file_path / "examples" / "ETFA.xyz"),
]

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9 changes: 0 additions & 9 deletions src/aiidalab_qe/app/structure/examples/CH3CHO.xyz

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16 changes: 16 additions & 0 deletions src/aiidalab_qe/app/structure/examples/Phenylacetylene.xyz
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@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
14
Lattice="17.572400000000002 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.3161 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0002" Properties=species:S:1:pos:R:3 pbc="T T T"
C 8.87580000 7.15810000 5.00010000
C 8.17830000 8.36610000 5.00010000
C 8.17830000 5.95000000 5.00010000
C 6.78350000 8.36630000 5.00010000
C 6.78340000 5.95020000 5.00010000
C 6.08610000 7.15830000 5.00010000
C 10.30480000 7.15810000 5.00010000
C 11.50750000 7.15840000 5.00010000
H 8.70750000 9.31610000 5.00000000
H 8.70750000 5.00000000 5.00010000
H 6.24030000 9.30680000 5.00010000
H 6.24010000 5.00980000 5.00010000
H 5.00000000 7.15830000 5.00020000
H 12.57240000 7.15850000 5.00020000

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