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documentation/IDTA-01001/modules/ROOT/pages/Annex/IDTA-01xxx_BackusNaurForm.adoc
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Copyright (c) 2023 Industrial Digital Twin Association | ||
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This work is licensed under a [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]( | ||
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). | ||
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SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0 | ||
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Illustrations: | ||
Plattform Industrie 4.0; Anna Salari, Publik. Agentur für Kommunikation GmbH, designed by Publik. Agentur für Kommunikation GmbH | ||
//// | ||
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[appendix] | ||
== Backus-Naur-Form | ||
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The Backus-Naur form (BNF) – a meta-syntax notation for context-free grammars – is used to define grammars. For more information see [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backus%E2%80%93Naur_form). | ||
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A BNF specification is a set of derivation rules, written as | ||
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*<symbol> ::= __expression__* | ||
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where: | ||
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* <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbol[symbol]> is a https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonterminal[nonterminal] (variable) and the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expression_(mathematics)[__expression__] consists of one or more sequences of either terminal or nonterminal symbols, | ||
* ::= means that the symbol on the left must be replaced with the expression on the right, | ||
* more sequences of symbols are separated by the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_bar[vertical bar] "|", indicating a https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternation_(formal_language_theory)[choice], the whole being a possible substitution for the symbol on the left, | ||
* symbols that never appear on a left side are https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_symbol[terminals], while symbols that appear on a left side are https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonterminal_symbol[non-terminals] and are always enclosed between the pair of angle brackets <>, | ||
* terminals are enclosed with quotation marks: "text". "" is an empty string, | ||
* optional items are enclosed in square brackets: [<item-x>], | ||
* items existing 0 or more times are enclosed in curly brackets are suffixed with an asterisk (*) such as <word> ::= <letter> \{<letter>}*, | ||
* Items existing 1 or more times are suffixed with an addition (plus) symbol, +, such as <word> ::= \{<letter>}+, | ||
* round brackets are used to explicitly to define the order of expansion to indicate precedence, example: ( <symbol1> | <symbol2> ) <symbol3>, | ||
* text without quotation marks is an informal explanation of what is expected; this text is cursive if grammar is non-recursive and vice versa. | ||
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[.underline]#Example:# | ||
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____ | ||
*<contact-address> ::= <name> "e-mail addresses:" <e-mail-Addresses>* | ||
*<e-mail-Addresses> ::= \{<e-mail-Address>}** | ||
*<e-mail-Addresse> ::= <local-part> "@" <domain>* | ||
*<name> ::= characters* | ||
*<local-part> ::= characters conformant to local-part in RFC 5322* | ||
*<domain> ::= characters conformant to domain in RFC 5322* | ||
____ | ||
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Valid contact addresses: | ||
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____ | ||
*Hugo Me e-mail addresses: Hugo@example.com* | ||
*Hugo e-mail addresses: Hugo.Me@text.de* | ||
____ | ||
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Invalid contact addresses: | ||
____ | ||
*Hugo* | ||
*Hugo Hugo@ example.com* | ||
*Hugo@example.com* | ||
____ |
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