WGBH-MLA · afred · Dec 7, 2022 · Dec 6, 2022 · Dec 6, 2022 · Dec 6, 2022
diff --git a/app/views/primary_source_sets/black-power.md b/app/views/primary_source_sets/black-power.md
@@ -25,21 +25,21 @@ In the mid-1960s, civil rights activists compelled Congress to pass the Civil Ri
 
 ## Teachingtips
 
-The resources in this set are composed of sound and audio clips from the 1960s of Black Power advocates and activists speaking in various settings, including interviews, conferences, rallies, protests, television broadcasts, and press conferences. Arranged chronologically by date, this resource set allows students to see how Black Power definitions and issues evolved over time and to consider how and why African Americans from different walks of life thought about and engaged with the movement. 
+The resources in this set are composed of video and audio clips from the 1960s of Black Power advocates and activists speaking in various settings, including interviews, conferences, rallies, protests, television broadcasts, and press conferences. Arranged chronologically by date, this resource set allows students to see how Black Power definitions and issues evolved over time and to consider how and why African Americans from different walks of life thought about and engaged with the movement. 
 
 #### Background Information -
 
 Before engaging with this resource set, students should possess the following:
 
-- A general understanding of Jim Crow, racial segregation, racial violence in the mid-twentieth-century era, and pre-1960s Black nationalist movements
-- A general understanding of the civil rights era and Black Power era timeframe
-- A understanding of differences between civil rights and Black Power politics
-knowledge of nationally recognized Black figures and organizations in the post-World War II United States
-- A understanding of nonviolent direct-action protest
-knowledge of the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965
-- A general understanding of issues impacting African Americans in U.S. cities, such as de facto segregation, unemployment, unequal housing and education, and police violence
-- A general knowledge of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War
-- A general understanding of other 1960s social movements, including second-wave feminism and the antiwar movement
+- a general understanding of Jim Crow, racial segregation, racial violence in the mid-twentieth-century era, and pre-1960s Black nationalist movements
+- a general understanding of the civil rights era and Black Power era timeframe
+- an understanding of differences between civil rights and Black Power politics
+- knowledge of nationally recognized Black figures and organizations in the post-World War II United States
+- an understanding of nonviolent direct-action protest
+- knowledge of the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965
+- a general understanding of issues impacting African Americans in U.S. cities, such as de facto segregation, unemployment, unequal housing and education, and police violence
+- a general knowledge of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War
+- a general understanding of other 1960s social movements, including second-wave feminism and the antiwar movement
 
 <hr>
 
@@ -53,11 +53,14 @@ What do the voices of Black Power activists contribute to our understanding abou
 - What do you think the goals of the Black Power Movement were? 
 - What challenges did Black Power activists face?
 - How have these primary source audio and video clips affected your understanding about Black Power as a concept or a movement?
+
 <hr>
 
 #### Classroom Activities -
 
-1) Ask students to engage in group work around specific topics, then come together to discuss.
+Ask students to engage in group work around specific topics, then come together to discuss.
+
+1) Divide the class into four groups. Ask each group to watch or listen to the sources in their assigned topics, as organized below.
 
 ##### Group 1: Black Power Politics
 - [Malcolm X Radio Documentary](https://americanarchive.org/primary_source_sets/black-power/9-207-60qrfqmn) (1991)

diff --git a/app/views/primary_source_sets/black-power/1-28-zw18k75h85.md b/app/views/primary_source_sets/black-power/1-28-zw18k75h85.md
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ cpb-aacip-28-zw18k75h85
 In this sound clip from a 1966 radio interview, Stokely Carmichael – the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) Field Secretary for Lowdnes County, Alabama – discusses the organizing and voter registration activities of the Lowdnes County Freedom Organization (LCFO), an independent Black political party he co-founded with local leaders.
 
 <b>Stokely Carmichael Interview</b>
-<b>KPFA - Pacifica Radio | February 5, 1966 </b>
+<b>| KPFA - Pacifica Radio | February 5, 1966 </b>
 <i>This audio clip and associated transcript appear from 00:00 - 04:11 in the full record.</i>
 
 ## Teachingtips

diff --git a/app/views/primary_source_sets/black-power/2-28-6688g8fs31.md b/app/views/primary_source_sets/black-power/2-28-6688g8fs31.md
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ cpb-aacip-28-6688g8fs31
 In this sound clip from a 1966 broadcast, Reverend James Bevel of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) is speaking at the Conference of Black Power held at the University of California-Berkeley in October 1966. Bevel speaks from the position of a devotee to nonviolence.
 
 <b>James Bevel on Black Power</b>
-<b>KPFA - Pacifica Radio | October 29, 1966 </b>
+<b>| KPFA - Pacifica Radio | October 29, 1966 </b>
 <i>This audio clip and associated transcript appear from 02:18 - 06:21 in the full record.</i>
 
 ## Teachingtips

diff --git a/app/views/primary_source_sets/black-power/3-28-zp3vt1h700.md b/app/views/primary_source_sets/black-power/3-28-zp3vt1h700.md
@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ cpb-aacip-28-zp3vt1h700
 
 ## Introduction
 
-In this sound clip, Stokely Carmichael promotes Black Power as a featured speaker at the Conference of Black Power held at the University of California-Berkeley in October, 1966. 
+In this sound clip, Stokely Carmichael promotes Black Power as a featured speaker at the Conference of Black Power held at the University of California-Berkeley in October 1966. 
 
 <b>Stokely Carmichael on Black Power</b>
-<b>KPFA - Pacifica Radio | October 29, 1966 </b>
+<b>| KPFA - Pacifica Radio | October 29, 1966 </b>
 <i>This audio clip and associated transcript appear from 42:50 - 46:50 in the full record.</i>
 
 ## Teachingtips

diff --git a/app/views/primary_source_sets/black-power/5-28-q52f766p51.md b/app/views/primary_source_sets/black-power/5-28-q52f766p51.md
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ cpb-aacip-28-q52f766p51
 In this sound clip, Bobby Seale, chairman of the Black Panther Party, speaks at the “Free Huey Newton” rally held at the Oakland Auditorium on February 17, 1968. Seale discusses Newton’s leadership, the Black Panther Party’s Ten Point Program, and challenges to African Americans’ freedom.
 
 <b>Bobby Seale at the Oakland Auditorium</b>
-<b>KPFA - Pacifica Radio | February 17, 1968 </b>
+<b>| KPFA - Pacifica Radio | February 17, 1968 </b>
 <i>This audio clip and associated transcript appear from 00:30 - 13:08 in the full record.</i>
 
 ## Teachingtips

diff --git a/app/views/primary_source_sets/black-power/6-15-99p2w600.md b/app/views/primary_source_sets/black-power/6-15-99p2w600.md
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ cpb-aacip-15-99p2w600
 This video clip from the public television series Say Brother documents Black student protests at Brandeis University in 1969. In this clip, members of the Brandeis Afro-American Society, who have taken over Ford Hall, outline their grievances and issue a series of demands.
 
 <b>Say Brother; Black Power on University Campuses</b>
-<b>WGBH | January 16, 1969</b>
+<b>| WGBH | January 16, 1969</b>
 <i>This video clip and associated transcript appear from 04:48 - 07:44 in the full record.</i>
 
 ## Teachingtips

diff --git a/app/views/primary_source_sets/black-power/7-28-vh5cc0vc2h.md b/app/views/primary_source_sets/black-power/7-28-vh5cc0vc2h.md
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ cpb-aacip-28-vh5cc0vc2h
 
 In this sound clip, Angela Davis addresses a crowd at a Black Panther rally held at Bobby Hutton Memorial Park on November 12, 1969. The first speaker of the rally, she discusses African Americans’ relationship to the Vietnam War and the role of police in Black people’s lives.  
 
-<b>Black Panther rally: Oakland</b>
-<b>KPFA - Pacifica Radio | November 12, 1969 </b>
+<b>Black Panther Rally: Oakland</b>
+<b>| KPFA - Pacifica Radio | November 12, 1969 </b>
 <i>This audio clip and associated transcript appear from 02:50 - 08:04 in the full record.</i>
 
 ## Teachingtips

diff --git a/app/views/primary_source_sets/black-power/8-305-1289335k.md b/app/views/primary_source_sets/black-power/8-305-1289335k.md
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ cpb-aacip-305-1289335k
 This audio clip is from a press conference held by the Five College Afro-American Society, a consortium of Black students across Amherst, Hampshire, Mount Holyoke, Smith, and UMass Amherst. That same morning, Black students from these colleges occupied four Amherst College buildings to bring attention to and protest their inequitable educational experience and opportunities. 
 
 <b>Raw Footage of a Press Conference by Five College African American Society Representatives</b>
-<b>New England Public Radio | February 18, 1970</b>
+<b>| New England Public Radio | February 18, 1970</b>
 <i>This audio clip and associated transcript appear from 00:00 - 08:36 in the full record.</i>
 
 ## Teachingtips

diff --git a/app/views/primary_source_sets/black-power/9-207-60qrfqmn.md b/app/views/primary_source_sets/black-power/9-207-60qrfqmn.md
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ cpb-aacip-207-60qrfqmn
 This short radio documentary includes audio clips of Malcolm X’s speeches and observations of his contemporaries. As a representative of the Nation of Islam, Malcolm X rejected the integration and nonviolence politics associated with the civil rights movement. Before his assassination in 1965, however, his views shifted to allow for cooperation across races.
 
 <b>Malcolm X Documentary</b>
-<b>KUNM | November 12, 1991</b>
+<b>| KUNM | November 12, 1991</b>
 <i>This audio clip and associated transcript appear from 00:00 - 06:47 in the full record.</i>
 
 ## Teachingtips

diff --git a/app/views/primary_source_sets/busing-boston.md b/app/views/primary_source_sets/busing-boston.md
@@ -51,22 +51,22 @@ What caused the Boston busing crisis?
 
 #### Classroom Activities -
 
-##### Ask students to watch the following sources:
+1) Ask students to watch the following sources:
 
 - [Landsmark Press Conference](https://americanarchive.org/primary_source_sets/busing-boston/6-15-9qr4nq5d) (1976)
 - [Interview with Anti-Busing Activist](https://americanarchive.org/primary_source_sets/busing-boston/7-15-9057cs2x) (1976) *watch 00:00-2:20 and 07:57-11:06*
 - [Psychologist Thomas Pettigrew Interview](https://americanarchive.org/primary_source_sets/busing-boston/9-15-9zg6g70c) (1967)
 
 According to each speaker, who was responsible for the Boston busing crisis? Why might these sources have such divergent views about who was responsible? Students should note the differing backgrounds of each person and identify ways in which their backgrounds influenced what they said. For example, the anti-busing activist is likely motivated to blame the “liberal establishment” for the busing crisis in order to deflect blame from anti-busing groups. 
 
-##### Ask students to watch the following sources: 
+2) Ask students to watch the following sources: 
 
 - [Boston Mayor Kevin White Addresses Residents of Boston Before Start of Busing](https://americanarchive.org/primary_source_sets/busing-boston/3-15-qj77s7j383) (1974)
 - [Boston Mayor Kevin White Requests Federal Support](https://americanarchive.org/primary_source_sets/busing-boston/2-15-9154dp1w) (1974)
 
-How are the two addresses by the mayor similar? How are they different? What happened between the filming of these two sources? (If students are unsure, ask them to watch the source labeled News Report About First Day of Busing.) The first clip was recorded before busing began, and the second was recorded after the violence in response to busing, which prompted Mayor Kevin White to seek federal support to implement the court order. Students should compare and contrast these documents in light of this contextual information.
+How are the two addresses by the mayor similar? How are they different? What happened between the filming of these two sources? (If students are unsure, ask them to watch the source labeled [News Report About First Day of Busing](https://americanarchive.org/primary_source_sets/busing-boston/1-15-92n4zh7k).) The first clip was recorded before busing began, and the second was recorded after the violence in response to busing, which prompted Mayor Kevin White to seek federal support to implement the court order. Students should compare and contrast these documents in light of this contextual information.
 
-##### Ask students to watch the following sources: 
+3) Ask students to watch the following sources: 
 
 - [News Report About Landsmark Attack](https://americanarchive.org/primary_source_sets/busing-boston/5-15-93r0pt1f) (1976)
 - [Landsmark Press Conference](https://americanarchive.org/primary_source_sets/busing-boston/6-15-9qr4nq5d) (1976)

diff --git a/app/views/primary_source_sets/busing-boston/1-15-92n4zh7k.md b/app/views/primary_source_sets/busing-boston/1-15-92n4zh7k.md
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ cpb-aacip-15-92n4zh7k
 In this excerpt from The Evening Compass, a television news program from Boston, a reporter describes his experiences riding a school bus on the first day of busing in 1974. The reporter details attacks on the buses and the reactions of students. 
 
 <b>The Evening Compass</b>
-<b>WGBH | September 12, 1974</b>
+<b>| WGBH | September 12, 1974</b>
 <i>This video clip and associated transcript appear from 04:10 - 07:03 in the full record.</i>
 
 ## Teachingtips

diff --git a/app/views/primary_source_sets/busing-boston/2-15-9154dp1w.md b/app/views/primary_source_sets/busing-boston/2-15-9154dp1w.md
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ cpb-aacip-15-9154dp1w
 In a taped message from October 1974, Boston Mayor Kevin White addresses residents of Boston. In this address, he asks Judge W. Arthur Garrity Jr. to provide federal marshals to implement the court-ordered busing. 
 
 <b>The Evening Compass; Boston Mayor Kevin White Asks Judge Garrity For Federal Marshals</b>
-<b>WGBH | October 8, 1971</b>
+<b>| WGBH | October 8, 1971</b>
 <i>This video clip and associated transcript appear from 00:00 - 01:55 in the full record.</i>
 
 ## Teachingtips

diff --git a/app/views/primary_source_sets/busing-boston/3-15-qj77s7j383.md b/app/views/primary_source_sets/busing-boston/3-15-qj77s7j383.md
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ cpb-aacip-15-qj77s7j383
 Three days before the start of busing, Boston Mayor Kevin White addresses the residents of Boston in a taped statement. He pledges that the city of Boston will do everything in its power to protect students. 
 
 <b>The Evening Compass; September in Boston</b>
-<b>WGBH | September 9, 1974</b>
+<b>| WGBH | September 9, 1974</b>
 <i>This video clip and associated transcript appear from 09:05 - 11:48 in the full record.</i>
 
 ## Teachingtips

diff --git a/app/views/primary_source_sets/busing-boston/4-15-8c9r20rw14.md b/app/views/primary_source_sets/busing-boston/4-15-8c9r20rw14.md
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ cpb-aacip-15-8c9r20rw14
 In this Boston School Committee meeting from February 1976, John McDonough, chair of the committee, criticizes the superintendent of Boston schools, Marion Fahey. He suggests that Fahey has not dealt with busing in an impartial manner. 
 
 <b>Ten O'Clock News</b>
-<b>WGBH | February 2, 1976</b>
+<b>| WGBH | February 2, 1976</b>
 <i>This video clip and associated transcript appear from 06:03 - 07:23 in the full record.</i>
 
 ## Teachingtips

diff --git a/app/views/primary_source_sets/busing-boston/5-15-93r0pt1f.md b/app/views/primary_source_sets/busing-boston/5-15-93r0pt1f.md
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ cpb-aacip-15-93r0pt1f
 This television segment from Boston describes the 1976 attack on Ted Landsmark outside of Boston City Hall. Landsmark, a Black attorney, was attacked by white high school students who were protesting busing. 
 
 <b>Ten O'Clock News</b>
-<b>WGBH | April 6, 1976</b>
+<b>| WGBH | April 6, 1976</b>
 <i>This video clip and associated transcript appear from 00:00 - 04:37 in the full record.</i>
 
 ## Teachingtips

diff --git a/app/views/primary_source_sets/busing-boston/6-15-9qr4nq5d.md b/app/views/primary_source_sets/busing-boston/6-15-9qr4nq5d.md
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ cpb-aacip-15-9qr4nq5d
 After being attacked outside of Boston City Hall, attorney Ted Landsmark held a news conference to address the media. Landsmark identifies racism as the cause of the attack and notes that Boston faces a host of problems.  
 
 <b>Ten O'Clock News</b>
-<b>WGBH | April 7, 1976</b>
+<b>| WGBH | April 7, 1976</b>
 <i>This video clip and associated transcript appear from 11:30 - 15:56 in the full record.</i>
 
 ## Teachingtips

diff --git a/app/views/primary_source_sets/busing-boston/7-15-9057cs2x.md b/app/views/primary_source_sets/busing-boston/7-15-9057cs2x.md
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ cpb-aacip-15-9057cs2x
 Anti-busing activist Elvira “Pixie” Palladino reacts angrily to the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision not to review court-ordered busing in Boston. 
 
 <b>Ten O'Clock News; Palladino reacts to Supreme Court decision</b>
-<b>WGBH | June 14, 1976</b>
+<b>| WGBH | June 14, 1976</b>
 <i>This video clip and associated transcript appear from 00:13 - 11:20 in the full record.</i>
 
 ## Teachingtips

diff --git a/app/views/primary_source_sets/busing-boston/8-15-9kh0dz6b.md b/app/views/primary_source_sets/busing-boston/8-15-9kh0dz6b.md
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ cpb-aacip-15-9kh0dz6b
 Following a series of violent incidents at Hyde Park High School, a teacher claims that a small group of students is responsible for the violence in the school.
 
 <b>Ten O'Clock News; Hyde Park teachers talk about racial tension at Hyde Park High School [Tape 1 of 2]</b>
-<b>WGBH | September 13, 1976</b>
+<b>| WGBH | September 13, 1976</b>
 <i>This video clip and associated transcript appear from 19:23 - 20:51 in the full record.</i>
 
 ## Teachingtips

diff --git a/app/views/primary_source_sets/busing-boston/9-15-9zg6g70c.md b/app/views/primary_source_sets/busing-boston/9-15-9zg6g70c.md
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ cpb-aacip-15-9zg6g70c
 Although supporters of anti-busing politician Louise Day Hicks claim they want community schools, Harvard psychologist Thomas Pettigrew argues that they are driven by racism. He maintains that many of those opposed to busing are actually more interested in stopping the integration of neighborhoods in Boston. 
 
 <b>Public Broadcast Laboratory; Louise Day Hicks</b>
-<b>WGBH | November 5, 1967</b>
+<b>| WGBH | November 5, 1967</b>
 <i>This video clip and associated transcript appear from 02:31 - 04:53 in the full record.</i>
 
 ## Teachingtips