repro

package.json

@@ -2,5 +2,10 @@
   "dependencies": {
     "ts-node": "latest",
     "typescript": "latest"
-  }
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=20.6.0",
+    "pnpm": ">=8.0.0"
+  },
+  "type": "module"
 }

run.sh

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 
 # Install a specific version of node
-n lts
+nvm install 20.10.0
 
 # Install package.json dependencies
-yarn
+pnpm install
 
 # Run ts-node
-yarn ts-node ./example.ts
+pnpm ts-node ./src/index.ts
 
 echo "Process exited with code: $?"
 echo

src/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+console.log("hi");

tsconfig.json

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+{
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "allowJs": false,
+    "allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true,
+    "allowArbitraryExtensions": true,
+    "alwaysStrict": true,
+    "baseUrl": ".",
+    "checkJs": false,
+    "downlevelIteration": true,
+    "declaration": false,
+    "emitDecoratorMetadata": true,
+    "esModuleInterop": true,
+    "experimentalDecorators": true,
+    "importHelpers": true,
+    "incremental": true,
+    "inlineSources": false,
+    "isolatedModules": true,
+    "jsx": "preserve",
+    "lib": ["ES2023"],
+    "module": "NodeNext",
+    // "moduleResolution": "Node",
+    "noEmit": false,
+    "noEmitHelpers": true,
+    "noEmitOnError": true,
+    "noFallthroughCasesInSwitch": true,
+    "noImplicitAny": true,
+    "noImplicitReturns": false,
+    "noImplicitThis": true,
+    "noUnusedLocals": false,
+    "noUnusedParameters": false,
+    "outDir": "./dist",
+    "pretty": true,
+    "removeComments": true,
+    "resolvePackageJsonImports": true,
+    "resolvePackageJsonExports": true,
+    "resolveJsonModule": true,
+    "skipLibCheck": true,
+    "sourceMap": true,
+    "strict": true,
+    "strictBindCallApply": true,
+    "strictFunctionTypes": false,
+    "strictNullChecks": true,
+    "strictPropertyInitialization": true,
+    "suppressImplicitAnyIndexErrors": false,
+    "target": "ES2020",
+    "verbatimModuleSyntax": true,
+    "useDefineForClassFields": true
+  },
+  "ts-node": {
+    "experimentalSpecifierResolution": "node",
+    "transpileOnly": true,
+    "esm": true
+  }
+}