Allow definition of per-schedule parameters via .serve and .deploy

[desertaxle]

Example:

import datetime

from prefect import flow
from prefect.schedules import Interval

@flow
def add_two(number: int):
    return number + 2

if __name__ == "__main__":
    add_two.serve(
       "test",
        schedule=Interval(3600, parameters={"number": 42})
)

Closes #14972

[cicdw]

a few small notes - also the other PR was merged so you can rebase

[codspeed-hq]

CodSpeed Performance Report

Merging #16965 will not alter performance

_{Comparing overide-parameters-per-schedule-python-sdk-oss-6190 (328e909) with main (200ac99)}

Summary

✅ 2 untouched benchmarks

[zzstoatzz]

lgtm, only question is whether we should complain if you pass both schedule and schedules

[cicdw]

Wow, nice! This LGTM - note that it also closes #14972

[desertaxle]

lgtm, only question is whether we should complain if you pass both schedule and schedules

@zzstoatzz, the changes in this PR should raise if both schedule and schedules are provided, but let me double-check that we have test coverage for the various entry points.

[zzstoatzz]

lgtm, only question is whether we should complain if you pass both schedule and schedules

@zzstoatzz, the changes in this PR should raise if both schedule and schedules are provided, but let me double-check that we have test coverage for the various entry points.

aha i must have missed an update - just tested and it LGTM now on that point @desertaxle