[ENH] Penalty classes

[Tveten]

• Fixes [ENH] Unify penalties/thresholds. Penalty classes? #39
• Relevant for [ENH] Enable custom cost/score aggregators in a unified way across detectors #33

1. Adds the BasePenalty class. Only intended for internal usage.
2. Changes all detector arguments penalty, penalty_scale or threshold_scale to penalty throughout.
3. Adds convenience method for converting various types of inputs to different kinds of penalties.
4. Adds a compose module with the PenalisedScore class. For now only used by CAPA and MVCAPA.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 98.54%. Comparing base (498dac2) to head (2c546b6).
Report is 67 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main      #55      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   97.50%   98.54%   +1.04%     
==========================================
  Files          40       49       +9     
  Lines        1680     1858     +178     
==========================================
+ Hits         1638     1831     +193     
+ Misses         42       27      -15     

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