Git is a powerful version control system widely used for tracking changes in source code during software development. Created by Linus Torvalds in 2005, Git has become an essential tool for developers worldwide. Understanding Git can significantly enhance your coding efficiency and collaboration.
This Git Tutorial will walk you through the basics of Git, making it easy to learn and implement in your projects. you will learn GitHub fundamentals and advanced concepts like branches, pushing merge conflicts, and many useful Git Commands.
- Command Line Interface (CLI)
- Text Editor
- Basic Programming Concepts
Git is a distributed version control system (DVCS) that allows developers to track changes in their codebase, collaborate with others, and manage different versions of their projects efficiently:
- Git was developed by Linus Torvalds in 2005 for Linux kernel development.
- Git is 2.45.1 is the Lastest Verions of GIT, released on May 2024.
- Version control: Git helps in tracking changes, allowing you to revert to previous states if something goes wrong.
- Collaboration: It enables multiple developers to work on a project simultaneously without interfering with each other’s work.
- Backup: Your entire project history is saved in a Git repository, providing a backup of all versions.
- Branching and merging: Git’s branching model allows you to experiment with new features or bug fixes independently from the main project.
- Open source projects: Most open source projects use Git for version control. Learning Git allows you to contribute to these projects.
- Industry standard: Git is widely used in the software industry, making it an essential skill for developers.
- Initializing a repository: When you initialize a folder with Git, it becomes a repository. Git logs all changes made to a hidden folder within that repository.
- Staging changes: Git marks modified files as “staged.” Staging prepares changes for a snapshot you want to keep.
- Committing changes: Once staged changes are satisfactory, commit them. Git maintains a complete record of each commit.
GitHub, a hosting service for Git repositories, allows you to access and download projects from any computer. Here’s what you can do with GitHub:
- Store repositories: GitHub hosts your repositories.
- Collaborate: Work with other developers from any location.
- Version control: Manage collaborative workflows using Git and GitHub.
- Git Tutorial
- Git Useful Resources
Git uses a decentralized model where each developer has their own copy of the repository and works immediately on the project. Git manages the projects with repositories and can clone a project to operate locally on it.
With staging and committing it track changes and control. You can pull the latest code of the project to the local copy, and push local updates to the main projects.
| Aspect | Git | GitHub |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | Distributed version control system | Web-based Git repository hosting service |
| Purpose | Track changes in source code | Centralized source code hosting |
| Installation | Command-line tool (local) | Hosted on the web |
| Maintenance | Maintained by the Linux community | Maintained by Microsoft |
| Focus | Version control and code sharing | Centralized source code hosting |
| History | First released in 2005 | Launched in 2008 |
| User Management | Lacks built-in user management | Includes built-in user management features |
| Licensing | Open-source | Free-tier and pay-for-use tiers |
| Tool Integration | Minimal external tool configuration | Active marketplace for tool integration |
| Desktop Interface | Provides Git Gui | Provides GitHub Desktop |
| Competition | Competes with CVS, Subversion, etc. | Competes with GitLab, Bitbucket, etc. |