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Update doc/docs/Python_Tutorials/Cylindrical_Coordinates.md
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stevengj authored Jan 23, 2025
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Expand Up @@ -899,7 +899,7 @@ In principle, computing extraction efficiency first involves computing the radia
To compute the radiation pattern $P(\theta, \phi)$ requires three steps:

1. For each simulation in the Fourier-series expansion ($m = -M, \ldots , 0, \ldots, M$), compute the far fields $\vec{E}_m$, $\vec{H}_m$ for the desired $\theta$ points in the $rz$ ($\phi = 0$) plane, at an "infinite" radius (i.e., $R \gg \lambda$) using a [near-to-far field transformation](../Python_User_Interface.md#near-to-far-field-spectra).
2. Obtain the *total* far fields at these points, for a given $\phi$ by summing the far fields from (1): $\vec{E}_{tot}(\theta, \phi) = \vec{E}_{m=0}(\theta)e^{im\phi} +\sum_{m=-M}^M \vec{E}_m(\theta)e^{im\phi}$ and $\vec{H}_{tot}(\theta, \phi) = \vec{H}_{m=0}(\theta)e^{im\phi} + \sum_{m=-M}^M \vec{H}_m(\theta)e^{im\phi}$. Note that $\vec{E}_m$ and $\vec{H}_m$ are generally complex. (The $\pm m$ terms are related by a mirror flip in $\phi$, and also by complex conjugation if you also flip the sign of the frequency and conjugate the source, so it is possible to combine their calculation.)
2. Obtain the *total* far fields at these points, for a given $\phi$ by summing the far fields from (1): $\vec{E}_{tot}(\theta, \phi) = \vec{E}_{m=0}(\theta)e^{im\phi} +\sum_{m=-M}^M \vec{E}_m(\theta)e^{im\phi}$ and $\vec{H}_{tot}(\theta, \phi) = \vec{H}_{m=0}(\theta)e^{im\phi} + \sum_{m=-M}^M \vec{H}_m(\theta)e^{im\phi}$. Note that $\vec{E}_m$ and $\vec{H}_m$ are generally complex. (The $\pm m$ terms are related by a mirror flip in $\phi$, and also by complex conjugation if you also flip the sign of the DFT-monitor frequency and conjugate the source, so it is possible to combine their calculation.)
3. Compute the radial Poynting flux $P_i(\theta_i, \phi)$ for each of $N$ points $i = 0, 1, ..., N - 1$ on the circumference using $\Re\left[\left[\vec{E}_{tot}(\theta_i, \phi) \times \vec{H}^*_{tot}(\theta_i, \phi)\right]\cdot\hat{r}\right]$.

However, if you want to compute the extraction efficiency within an angular cone given $P(\theta) = \int P(\theta, \phi) d\phi$, the calculations simplify because the cross terms in $\vec{E}_{tot} \times \vec{H}^*_{tot}$ between different $m$'s integrate to zero when integrated over $\phi$ from $0$ to $2\pi$. Thus, one can replace step (2) with a direct computation of the powers $P(\theta)$ rather than summing the fields. Furthermore $P_{-m}(\theta, \phi) = $P_{m}(\theta, -\phi)$ so $P_{-m}(\theta) = $P_{m}(\theta)$. As a result, the procedure for computing the extraction efficiency within an angular cone for a dipole source at $r > 0$ involves three steps:
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