AP_Baro: update MS5837-30BA compensation

[ES-Alexander]

Context

While reviewing #29122 I found that the MS5837_30BA sensor's current datasheet has some sections/factors for compensation that seemingly weren't there previously, so aren't yet being considered.

Changes

This PR adds in sections for both "high temperature" and "very low temperature" compensation regions, which were previously unhandled.

[ES-Alexander]

Rebased over master, and updated the commit message to be more descriptive and better match the repo standards.

[Williangalvani]

looks good to me. The math matches the datasheet and it worked fine on my vehicle.
I do have mixed feelings regarding the expanded 2^n numbers, but not enough to block merging.

[ES-Alexander]

I do have mixed feelings regarding the expanded 2^n numbers

I would definitely prefer bit-shifts (assuming they're ok for the data-types involved), especially since the datasheet provides powers rather than expanded integers, but I think cleaning that up is a problem for a separate PR, since most of the other drivers in this file also use the expanded values...

For what little consolation we get from "it's a maintained evil, not a new one" 😅