diff --git a/docs/config/shared-options.md b/docs/config/shared-options.md
index 34c07baff8e5d3..ada6b3f30ab127 100644
--- a/docs/config/shared-options.md
+++ b/docs/config/shared-options.md
@@ -117,6 +117,7 @@ For SSR builds, deduplication does not work for ESM build outputs configured fro
 ## resolve.conditions
 
 - **Type:** `string[]`
+- **Default:** `['module', 'browser', 'development|production']`
 
 Additional allowed conditions when resolving [Conditional Exports](https://nodejs.org/api/packages.html#packages_conditional_exports) from a package.
 
@@ -135,7 +136,9 @@ A package with conditional exports may have the following `exports` field in its
 
 Here, `import` and `require` are "conditions". Conditions can be nested and should be specified from most specific to least specific.
 
-Vite has a list of "allowed conditions" and will match the first condition that is in the allowed list. The default allowed conditions are: `import`, `module`, `browser`, `default`, and `production/development` based on current mode. The `resolve.conditions` config option allows specifying additional allowed conditions.
+`development|production` is a special value that is replaced with `production` or `development` depending on the value of `process.env.NODE_ENV`. It is replaced with `production` when `process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production'` and `development` otherwise.
+
+Note that `import`, `require`, `default` conditions are always applied if the requirements are met.
 
 :::warning Resolving subpath exports
 Export keys ending with "/" is deprecated by Node and may not work well. Please contact the package author to use [`*` subpath patterns](https://nodejs.org/api/packages.html#package-entry-points) instead.
diff --git a/docs/config/ssr-options.md b/docs/config/ssr-options.md
index 8cb7fb9a41b348..7e7d8983928fc0 100644
--- a/docs/config/ssr-options.md
+++ b/docs/config/ssr-options.md
@@ -34,15 +34,14 @@ Build target for the SSR server.
 ## ssr.resolve.conditions
 
 - **Type:** `string[]`
+- **Default:** `['module', 'node', 'development|production']` (`['module', 'browser', 'development|production']` for `ssr.target === 'webworker'`)
 - **Related:** [Resolve Conditions](./shared-options.md#resolve-conditions)
 
-Defaults to the root [`resolve.conditions`](./shared-options.md#resolve-conditions).
-
 These conditions are used in the plugin pipeline, and only affect non-externalized dependencies during the SSR build. Use `ssr.resolve.externalConditions` to affect externalized imports.
 
 ## ssr.resolve.externalConditions
 
 - **Type:** `string[]`
-- **Default:** `[]`
+- **Default:** `['node']`
 
 Conditions that are used during ssr import (including `ssrLoadModule`) of externalized dependencies.
diff --git a/docs/guide/migration.md b/docs/guide/migration.md
index 5815e80505bd9a..3f0dfba79eb377 100644
--- a/docs/guide/migration.md
+++ b/docs/guide/migration.md
@@ -12,6 +12,23 @@ The experimental Vite Runtime API evolved into the Module Runner API, released i
 
 ## General Changes
 
+### Default value for `resolve.conditions`
+
+This change does not affect users that did not configure [`resolve.conditions`](/config/shared-options#resolve-conditions) / [`ssr.resolve.conditions`](/config/ssr-options#ssr-resolve-conditions) / [`ssr.resolve.externalConditions`](/config/ssr-options#ssr-resolve-externalconditions).
+
+In Vite 5, the default value for `resolve.conditions` was `[]` and some conditions were added internally. The default value for `ssr.resolve.conditions` was the value of `resolve.conditions`.
+
+From Vite 6, some of the conditions are no longer added internally and need to be included in the config values.
+The conditions that are no longer added internally for
+
+- `resolve.conditions` are `['module', 'browser', 'development|production']`
+- `ssr.resolve.conditions` are `['module', 'node', 'development|production']`
+
+The default values for those options are updated to the corresponding values and `ssr.resolve.conditions` no longer uses `resolve.conditions` as the default value. Note that `development|production` is a special variable that is replaced with `production` or `development` depending on the value of `process.env.NODE_ENV`.
+
+If you specified a custom value for `resolve.conditions` or `ssr.resolve.conditions`, you need to update it to include the new conditions.
+For example, if you previously specified `['custom']` for `resolve.conditions`, you need to specify `['custom', 'module', 'browser', 'development|production']` instead.
+
 ### JSON stringify
 
 In Vite 5, when [`json.stringify: true`](/config/shared-options#json-stringify) is set, [`json.namedExports`](/config/shared-options#json-namedexports) was disabled.
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/environment.spec.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/environment.spec.ts
index 081d2204cc8920..75b12136c5cd2d 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/environment.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/environment.spec.ts
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ describe('custom environment conditions', () => {
         ws: false,
       },
       environments: {
-        // no web / default
+        // default
         ssr: {
           resolve: {
             noExternal,
@@ -36,9 +36,8 @@ describe('custom environment conditions', () => {
             },
           },
         },
-        // web / worker
+        // worker
         worker: {
-          webCompatible: true,
           resolve: {
             noExternal,
             conditions: ['worker'],
@@ -54,9 +53,8 @@ describe('custom environment conditions', () => {
             },
           },
         },
-        // web / custom1
+        // custom1
         custom1: {
-          webCompatible: true,
           resolve: {
             noExternal,
             conditions: ['custom1'],
@@ -72,54 +70,17 @@ describe('custom environment conditions', () => {
             },
           },
         },
-        // no web / custom2
-        custom2: {
-          webCompatible: false,
+        // same as custom1
+        custom1_2: {
           resolve: {
             noExternal,
-            conditions: ['custom2'],
-            externalConditions: ['custom2'],
-          },
-          build: {
-            outDir: path.join(
-              import.meta.dirname,
-              'fixtures/test-dep-conditions/dist/custom2',
-            ),
-            rollupOptions: {
-              input: { index: '@vitejs/test-dep-conditions' },
-            },
-          },
-        },
-        // no web / custom3
-        custom3: {
-          webCompatible: false,
-          resolve: {
-            noExternal,
-            conditions: ['custom3'],
-            externalConditions: ['custom3'],
-          },
-          build: {
-            outDir: path.join(
-              import.meta.dirname,
-              'fixtures/test-dep-conditions/dist/custom3',
-            ),
-            rollupOptions: {
-              input: { index: '@vitejs/test-dep-conditions' },
-            },
-          },
-        },
-        // same as custom3
-        custom3_2: {
-          webCompatible: false,
-          resolve: {
-            noExternal,
-            conditions: ['custom3'],
-            externalConditions: ['custom3'],
+            conditions: ['custom1'],
+            externalConditions: ['custom1'],
           },
           build: {
             outDir: path.join(
               import.meta.dirname,
-              'fixtures/test-dep-conditions/dist/custom3_2',
+              'fixtures/test-dep-conditions/dist/custom1_2',
             ),
             rollupOptions: {
               input: { index: '@vitejs/test-dep-conditions' },
@@ -135,14 +96,7 @@ describe('custom environment conditions', () => {
     onTestFinished(() => server.close())
 
     const results: Record<string, unknown> = {}
-    for (const key of [
-      'ssr',
-      'worker',
-      'custom1',
-      'custom2',
-      'custom3',
-      'custom3_2',
-    ]) {
+    for (const key of ['ssr', 'worker', 'custom1', 'custom1_2']) {
       const runner = createServerModuleRunner(server.environments[key], {
         hmr: {
           logger: false,
@@ -155,9 +109,7 @@ describe('custom environment conditions', () => {
     expect(results).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
       {
         "custom1": "index.custom1.js",
-        "custom2": "index.custom2.js",
-        "custom3": "index.custom3.js",
-        "custom3_2": "index.custom3.js",
+        "custom1_2": "index.custom1.js",
         "ssr": "index.default.js",
         "worker": "index.worker.js",
       }
@@ -169,14 +121,7 @@ describe('custom environment conditions', () => {
     onTestFinished(() => server.close())
 
     const results: Record<string, unknown> = {}
-    for (const key of [
-      'ssr',
-      'worker',
-      'custom1',
-      'custom2',
-      'custom3',
-      'custom3_2',
-    ]) {
+    for (const key of ['ssr', 'worker', 'custom1', 'custom1_2']) {
       const runner = createServerModuleRunner(server.environments[key], {
         hmr: {
           logger: false,
@@ -191,9 +136,7 @@ describe('custom environment conditions', () => {
     expect(results).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
       {
         "custom1": "index.custom1.js",
-        "custom2": "index.custom2.js",
-        "custom3": "index.custom3.js",
-        "custom3_2": "index.custom3.js",
+        "custom1_2": "index.custom1.js",
         "ssr": "index.default.js",
         "worker": "index.worker.js",
       }
@@ -222,14 +165,7 @@ describe('custom environment conditions', () => {
   test('build', async () => {
     const builder = await createBuilder(getConfig({ noExternal: true }))
     const results: Record<string, unknown> = {}
-    for (const key of [
-      'ssr',
-      'worker',
-      'custom1',
-      'custom2',
-      'custom3',
-      'custom3_2',
-    ]) {
+    for (const key of ['ssr', 'worker', 'custom1', 'custom1_2']) {
       const output = await builder.build(builder.environments[key])
       const chunk = (output as RollupOutput).output[0]
       const mod = await import(
@@ -245,9 +181,7 @@ describe('custom environment conditions', () => {
     expect(results).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
       {
         "custom1": "index.custom1.js",
-        "custom2": "index.custom2.js",
-        "custom3": "index.custom3.js",
-        "custom3_2": "index.custom3.js",
+        "custom1_2": "index.custom1.js",
         "ssr": "index.default.js",
         "worker": "index.worker.js",
       }
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/fixtures/test-dep-conditions/index.custom2.js b/packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/fixtures/test-dep-conditions/index.custom2.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 1125676cc5f4a7..00000000000000
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/fixtures/test-dep-conditions/index.custom2.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-export default 'index.custom2.js'
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/fixtures/test-dep-conditions/index.custom3.js b/packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/fixtures/test-dep-conditions/index.custom3.js
deleted file mode 100644
index d12538a6469888..00000000000000
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/fixtures/test-dep-conditions/index.custom3.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-export default 'index.custom3.js'
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/fixtures/test-dep-conditions/package.json b/packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/fixtures/test-dep-conditions/package.json
index 08f9558e16cc65..454b99b924e3be 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/fixtures/test-dep-conditions/package.json
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/fixtures/test-dep-conditions/package.json
@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@
     ".": {
       "style": "./index.css",
       "custom1": "./index.custom1.js",
-      "custom2": "./index.custom2.js",
-      "custom3": "./index.custom3.js",
       "worker": "./index.worker.js",
       "browser": "./index.browser.js",
       "default": "./index.default.js"
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/baseEnvironment.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/baseEnvironment.ts
index b30067cb400685..c3202ccf06d28e 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/baseEnvironment.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/baseEnvironment.ts
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ export function getDefaultResolvedEnvironmentOptions(
     define: config.define,
     resolve: config.resolve,
     consumer: 'server',
-    webCompatible: false,
     optimizeDeps: config.optimizeDeps,
     dev: config.dev,
     build: config.build,
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/build.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/build.ts
index 222d2feaef5307..23dc250ce36f6a 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/build.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/build.ts
@@ -348,6 +348,8 @@ export function resolveBuildEnvironmentOptions(
   raw: BuildEnvironmentOptions,
   logger: Logger,
   consumer: 'client' | 'server' | undefined,
+  // Backward compatibility
+  isSsrTargetWebworkerEnvironment?: boolean,
 ): ResolvedBuildEnvironmentOptions {
   const deprecatedPolyfillModulePreload = raw?.polyfillModulePreload
   const { polyfillModulePreload, ...rest } = raw
@@ -444,6 +446,19 @@ export function resolveBuildEnvironmentOptions(
     resolved.cssMinify = consumer === 'server' ? 'esbuild' : !!resolved.minify
   }
 
+  if (isSsrTargetWebworkerEnvironment) {
+    resolved.rollupOptions ??= {}
+    resolved.rollupOptions.output ??= {}
+    const output = resolved.rollupOptions.output
+    for (const out of arraify(output)) {
+      out.entryFileNames ??= `[name].js`
+      out.chunkFileNames ??= `[name]-[hash].js`
+      const input = resolved.rollupOptions.input
+      out.inlineDynamicImports ??=
+        !input || typeof input === 'string' || Object.keys(input).length === 1
+    }
+  }
+
   return resolved
 }
 
@@ -692,7 +707,7 @@ async function buildEnvironment(
 
       const format = output.format || 'es'
       const jsExt =
-        !environment.config.webCompatible || libOptions
+        environment.config.consumer === 'server' || libOptions
           ? resolveOutputJsExtension(
               format,
               findNearestPackageData(root, packageCache)?.data.type,
@@ -730,11 +745,7 @@ async function buildEnvironment(
           ? `[name].[ext]`
           : path.posix.join(options.assetsDir, `[name]-[hash].[ext]`),
         inlineDynamicImports:
-          output.format === 'umd' ||
-          output.format === 'iife' ||
-          (environment.config.consumer === 'server' &&
-            environment.config.webCompatible &&
-            (typeof input === 'string' || Object.keys(input).length === 1)),
+          output.format === 'umd' || output.format === 'iife',
         ...output,
       }
     }
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/config.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/config.ts
index 85d1f16c536ac6..1089428b31088a 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/config.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/config.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import path from 'node:path'
 import { pathToFileURL } from 'node:url'
 import { promisify } from 'node:util'
 import { performance } from 'node:perf_hooks'
-import { createRequire } from 'node:module'
+import { builtinModules, createRequire } from 'node:module'
 import colors from 'picocolors'
 import type { Alias, AliasOptions } from 'dep-types/alias'
 import { build } from 'esbuild'
@@ -15,8 +15,10 @@ import { withTrailingSlash } from '../shared/utils'
 import {
   CLIENT_ENTRY,
   DEFAULT_ASSETS_RE,
+  DEFAULT_CONDITIONS,
   DEFAULT_CONFIG_FILES,
   DEFAULT_EXTENSIONS,
+  DEFAULT_EXTERNAL_CONDITIONS,
   DEFAULT_MAIN_FIELDS,
   ENV_ENTRY,
   FS_PREFIX,
@@ -242,10 +244,10 @@ export interface SharedEnvironmentOptions {
    */
   consumer?: 'client' | 'server'
   /**
-   * Runtime Compatibility
-   * Temporal options, we should remove these in favor of fine-grained control
+   * If true, `process.env` referenced in code will be preserved as-is and evaluated in runtime.
+   * Otherwise, it is statically replaced as an empty object.
    */
-  webCompatible?: boolean // was ssr.target === 'webworker'
+  keepProcessEnv?: boolean
   /**
    * Optimize deps config
    */
@@ -269,7 +271,7 @@ export type ResolvedEnvironmentOptions = {
   define?: Record<string, any>
   resolve: ResolvedResolveOptions
   consumer: 'client' | 'server'
-  webCompatible: boolean
+  keepProcessEnv?: boolean
   optimizeDeps: DepOptimizationOptions
   dev: ResolvedDevEnvironmentOptions
   build: ResolvedBuildEnvironmentOptions
@@ -277,7 +279,7 @@ export type ResolvedEnvironmentOptions = {
 
 export type DefaultEnvironmentOptions = Omit<
   EnvironmentOptions,
-  'consumer' | 'webCompatible' | 'resolve'
+  'consumer' | 'resolve'
 > & {
   resolve?: AllResolveOptions
 }
@@ -626,21 +628,28 @@ function resolveEnvironmentOptions(
   environmentName: string,
   // Backward compatibility
   skipSsrTransform?: boolean,
+  ssrTargetWebworker?: boolean,
 ): ResolvedEnvironmentOptions {
+  const isClientEnvironment = environmentName === 'client'
+  const consumer =
+    options.consumer ?? (isClientEnvironment ? 'client' : 'server')
+  const isSsrTargetWebworkerEnvironment =
+    ssrTargetWebworker && environmentName === 'ssr'
   const resolve = resolveEnvironmentResolveOptions(
     options.resolve,
     alias,
     preserveSymlinks,
     logger,
+    consumer,
+    isSsrTargetWebworkerEnvironment,
   )
-  const isClientEnvironment = environmentName === 'client'
-  const consumer =
-    options.consumer ?? (isClientEnvironment ? 'client' : 'server')
   return {
     define: options.define,
     resolve,
+    keepProcessEnv:
+      options.keepProcessEnv ??
+      (isSsrTargetWebworkerEnvironment ? false : consumer === 'server'),
     consumer,
-    webCompatible: options.webCompatible ?? consumer === 'client',
     optimizeDeps: resolveDepOptimizationOptions(
       options.optimizeDeps,
       resolve.preserveSymlinks,
@@ -656,6 +665,7 @@ function resolveEnvironmentOptions(
       options.build ?? {},
       logger,
       consumer,
+      isSsrTargetWebworkerEnvironment,
     ),
   }
 }
@@ -665,7 +675,12 @@ export function getDefaultEnvironmentOptions(
 ): EnvironmentOptions {
   return {
     define: config.define,
-    resolve: config.resolve,
+    resolve: {
+      ...config.resolve,
+      // mainFields and conditions are not inherited
+      mainFields: undefined,
+      conditions: undefined,
+    },
     dev: config.dev,
     build: config.build,
   }
@@ -735,12 +750,26 @@ function resolveEnvironmentResolveOptions(
   alias: Alias[],
   preserveSymlinks: boolean,
   logger: Logger,
+  consumer: 'client' | 'server' | undefined,
+  // Backward compatibility
+  isSsrTargetWebworkerEnvironment?: boolean,
 ): ResolvedAllResolveOptions {
+  let conditions = resolve?.conditions
+  conditions ??=
+    consumer === 'client' || isSsrTargetWebworkerEnvironment
+      ? DEFAULT_CONDITIONS.filter((c) => c !== 'node')
+      : DEFAULT_CONDITIONS.filter((c) => c !== 'browser')
+
   const resolvedResolve: ResolvedAllResolveOptions = {
     mainFields: resolve?.mainFields ?? DEFAULT_MAIN_FIELDS,
-    conditions: resolve?.conditions ?? [],
-    externalConditions: resolve?.externalConditions ?? [],
-    external: resolve?.external ?? [],
+    conditions,
+    externalConditions:
+      resolve?.externalConditions ?? DEFAULT_EXTERNAL_CONDITIONS,
+    external:
+      resolve?.external ??
+      (consumer === 'server' && !isSsrTargetWebworkerEnvironment
+        ? builtinModules
+        : []),
     noExternal: resolve?.noExternal ?? [],
     extensions: resolve?.extensions ?? DEFAULT_EXTENSIONS,
     dedupe: resolve?.dedupe ?? [],
@@ -776,6 +805,7 @@ function resolveResolveOptions(
     alias,
     preserveSymlinks,
     logger,
+    undefined,
   )
 }
 
@@ -940,10 +970,6 @@ export async function resolveConfig(
       config.ssr?.resolve?.externalConditions
     configEnvironmentsSsr.resolve.external ??= config.ssr?.external
     configEnvironmentsSsr.resolve.noExternal ??= config.ssr?.noExternal
-
-    if (config.ssr?.target === 'webworker') {
-      configEnvironmentsSsr.webCompatible = true
-    }
   }
 
   if (config.build?.ssrEmitAssets !== undefined) {
@@ -968,6 +994,7 @@ export async function resolveConfig(
   // Some top level options only apply to the client environment
   const defaultClientEnvironmentOptions = {
     ...defaultEnvironmentOptions,
+    resolve: config.resolve, // inherit everything including mainFields and conditions
     optimizeDeps: config.optimizeDeps,
   }
   const defaultNonClientEnvironmentOptions = {
@@ -1004,6 +1031,7 @@ export async function resolveConfig(
       logger,
       environmentName,
       config.experimental?.skipSsrTransform,
+      config.ssr?.target === 'webworker',
     )
   }
 
@@ -1578,17 +1606,15 @@ async function bundleConfigFile(
               preferRelative: false,
               tryIndex: true,
               mainFields: [],
-              conditions: [],
+              conditions: ['node'],
               externalConditions: [],
               external: [],
               noExternal: [],
-              overrideConditions: ['node'],
               dedupe: [],
               extensions: DEFAULT_EXTENSIONS,
               preserveSymlinks: false,
               packageCache,
               isRequire,
-              webCompatible: false,
             })?.id
           }
 
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/constants.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/constants.ts
index 3acc2f759037e5..270dbef7b7ac91 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/constants.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/constants.ts
@@ -46,6 +46,21 @@ export const DEFAULT_MAIN_FIELDS = [
   'jsnext',
 ]
 
+/**
+ * A special condition that would be replaced with production or development
+ * depending on NODE_ENV env variable
+ */
+export const DEV_PROD_CONDITION = `development|production` as const
+
+export const DEFAULT_CONDITIONS = [
+  'module',
+  'browser',
+  'node',
+  DEV_PROD_CONDITION,
+]
+
+export const DEFAULT_EXTERNAL_CONDITIONS = ['node']
+
 // Baseline support browserslist
 // "defaults and supports es6-module and supports es6-module-dynamic-import"
 // Higher browser versions may be needed for extra features.
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/external.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/external.ts
index e55eabb7f4ce7f..2087a122f1ca88 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/external.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/external.ts
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ export function createIsConfiguredAsExternal(
   environment: PartialEnvironment,
 ): (id: string, importer?: string) => boolean {
   const { config } = environment
-  const { root, resolve, webCompatible } = config
+  const { root, resolve } = config
   const { external, noExternal } = resolve
   const noExternalFilter =
     typeof noExternal !== 'boolean' &&
@@ -68,7 +68,6 @@ export function createIsConfiguredAsExternal(
     isProduction: false,
     isBuild: true,
     conditions: targetConditions,
-    webCompatible,
   }
 
   const isExternalizable = (
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/optimizer/index.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/optimizer/index.ts
index eb855065e449dd..3a66612a4a2576 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/optimizer/index.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/optimizer/index.ts
@@ -761,7 +761,7 @@ async function prepareEsbuildOptimizerRun(
     ),
   }
 
-  const platform = environment.config.webCompatible ? 'browser' : 'node'
+  const platform = environment.config.consumer === 'client' ? 'browser' : 'node'
 
   const external = [...(optimizeDeps?.exclude ?? [])]
 
@@ -1180,7 +1180,6 @@ function getConfigHash(environment: Environment): string {
           plugins: optimizeDeps?.esbuildOptions?.plugins?.map((p) => p.name),
         },
       },
-      webCompatible: config.webCompatible,
     },
     (_, value) => {
       if (typeof value === 'function' || value instanceof RegExp) {
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/packages.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/packages.ts
index ffabe43f89595a..f03a3f1a3d058b 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/packages.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/packages.ts
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import {
   tryStatSync,
 } from './utils'
 import type { Plugin } from './plugin'
-import type { InternalResolveOptionsWithOverrideConditions } from './plugins/resolve'
+import type { InternalResolveOptions } from './plugins/resolve'
 
 let pnp: typeof import('pnpapi') | undefined
 if (process.versions.pnp) {
@@ -27,11 +27,11 @@ export interface PackageData {
   setResolvedCache: (
     key: string,
     entry: string,
-    options: InternalResolveOptionsWithOverrideConditions,
+    options: InternalResolveOptions,
   ) => void
   getResolvedCache: (
     key: string,
-    options: InternalResolveOptionsWithOverrideConditions,
+    options: InternalResolveOptions,
   ) => string | undefined
   data: {
     [field: string]: any
@@ -223,18 +223,13 @@ export function loadPackageData(pkgPath: string): PackageData {
   return pkg
 }
 
-function getResolveCacheKey(
-  key: string,
-  options: InternalResolveOptionsWithOverrideConditions,
-) {
+function getResolveCacheKey(key: string, options: InternalResolveOptions) {
   // cache key needs to include options which affect
   // `resolvePackageEntry` or `resolveDeepImport`
   return [
     key,
-    options.webCompatible ? '1' : '0',
     options.isRequire ? '1' : '0',
     options.conditions.join('_'),
-    options.overrideConditions?.join('_') || '',
     options.extensions.join('_'),
     options.mainFields.join('_'),
   ].join('|')
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/css.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/css.ts
index 2373ecf6ea50a3..cc646c1dea1483 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/css.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/css.ts
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ import type { LibraryOptions } from '../build'
 import {
   CLIENT_PUBLIC_PATH,
   CSS_LANGS_RE,
+  DEV_PROD_CONDITION,
   ESBUILD_MODULES_TARGET,
   SPECIAL_QUERY_RE,
 } from '../constants'
@@ -1107,7 +1108,7 @@ function createCSSResolvers(config: ResolvedConfig): CSSAtImportResolvers {
       return (cssResolve ??= createBackCompatIdResolver(config, {
         extensions: ['.css'],
         mainFields: ['style'],
-        conditions: ['style'],
+        conditions: ['style', DEV_PROD_CONDITION],
         tryIndex: false,
         preferRelative: true,
       }))
@@ -1118,7 +1119,7 @@ function createCSSResolvers(config: ResolvedConfig): CSSAtImportResolvers {
         const resolver = createBackCompatIdResolver(config, {
           extensions: ['.scss', '.sass', '.css'],
           mainFields: ['sass', 'style'],
-          conditions: ['sass', 'style'],
+          conditions: ['sass', 'style', DEV_PROD_CONDITION],
           tryIndex: true,
           tryPrefix: '_',
           preferRelative: true,
@@ -1137,7 +1138,7 @@ function createCSSResolvers(config: ResolvedConfig): CSSAtImportResolvers {
       return (lessResolve ??= createBackCompatIdResolver(config, {
         extensions: ['.less', '.css'],
         mainFields: ['less', 'style'],
-        conditions: ['less', 'style'],
+        conditions: ['less', 'style', DEV_PROD_CONDITION],
         tryIndex: false,
         preferRelative: true,
       }))
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/define.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/define.ts
index 2c2156c5833885..36c9b57dbfeb6c 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/define.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/define.ts
@@ -47,6 +47,8 @@ export function definePlugin(config: ResolvedConfig): Plugin {
   }
 
   function generatePattern(environment: Environment) {
+    const keepProcessEnv = environment.config.keepProcessEnv
+
     const userDefine: Record<string, string> = {}
     const userDefineEnv: Record<string, any> = {}
     for (const key in environment.config.define) {
@@ -58,10 +60,8 @@ export function definePlugin(config: ResolvedConfig): Plugin {
       }
     }
 
-    const replaceProcessEnv = environment.config.webCompatible
-
     const define: Record<string, string> = {
-      ...(replaceProcessEnv ? processEnv : {}),
+      ...(keepProcessEnv ? {} : processEnv),
       ...importMetaKeys,
       ...userDefine,
       ...importMetaFallbackKeys,
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ export function definePlugin(config: ResolvedConfig): Plugin {
 
     // Create regex pattern as a fast check before running esbuild
     const patternKeys = Object.keys(userDefine)
-    if (replaceProcessEnv && Object.keys(processEnv).length) {
+    if (!keepProcessEnv && Object.keys(processEnv).length) {
       patternKeys.push('process.env')
     }
     if (Object.keys(importMetaKeys).length) {
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/resolve.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/resolve.ts
index 5935a3c5996f0b..b10ac6c357f7ad 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/resolve.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/resolve.ts
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import type { Plugin } from '../plugin'
 import {
   CLIENT_ENTRY,
   DEP_VERSION_RE,
+  DEV_PROD_CONDITION,
   ENV_ENTRY,
   FS_PREFIX,
   OPTIMIZABLE_ENTRY_RE,
@@ -124,7 +125,6 @@ interface ResolvePluginOptions {
   tryPrefix?: string
   preferRelative?: boolean
   isRequire?: boolean
-  webCompatible?: boolean
   // #3040
   // when the importer is a ts module,
   // if the specifier requests a non-existent `.js/jsx/mjs/cjs` file,
@@ -246,7 +246,6 @@ export function resolvePlugin(
       const options: InternalResolveOptions = {
         isRequire,
         ...environmentResolveOptions,
-        webCompatible: currentEnvironmentOptions.webCompatible,
         ...resolveOptions, // plugin options + resolve options overrides
         scan: resolveOpts?.scan ?? resolveOptions.scan,
       }
@@ -338,7 +337,6 @@ export function resolvePlugin(
         }
 
         if (
-          options.webCompatible &&
           options.mainFields.includes('browser') &&
           (res = tryResolveBrowserMapping(
             fsPath,
@@ -431,7 +429,6 @@ export function resolvePlugin(
         }
 
         if (
-          options.webCompatible &&
           options.mainFields.includes('browser') &&
           (res = tryResolveBrowserMapping(
             id,
@@ -464,7 +461,6 @@ export function resolvePlugin(
         if (isBuiltin(id)) {
           if (currentEnvironmentOptions.consumer === 'server') {
             if (
-              options.webCompatible &&
               options.noExternal === true &&
               // if both noExternal and external are true, noExternal will take the higher priority and bundle it.
               // only if the id is explicitly listed in external, we will externalize it and skip this error.
@@ -739,18 +735,10 @@ function tryCleanFsResolve(
   }
 }
 
-export type InternalResolveOptionsWithOverrideConditions =
-  InternalResolveOptions & {
-    /**
-     * @internal
-     */
-    overrideConditions?: string[]
-  }
-
 export function tryNodeResolve(
   id: string,
   importer: string | null | undefined,
-  options: InternalResolveOptionsWithOverrideConditions,
+  options: InternalResolveOptions,
   depsOptimizer?: DepsOptimizer,
   externalize?: boolean,
   allowLinkedExternal: boolean = true,
@@ -1017,11 +1005,9 @@ export function resolvePackageEntry(
     if (!entryPoint) {
       for (const field of options.mainFields) {
         if (field === 'browser') {
-          if (options.webCompatible) {
-            entryPoint = tryResolveBrowserEntry(dir, data, options)
-            if (entryPoint) {
-              break
-            }
+          entryPoint = tryResolveBrowserEntry(dir, data, options)
+          if (entryPoint) {
+            break
           }
         } else if (typeof data[field] === 'string') {
           entryPoint = data[field]
@@ -1049,11 +1035,7 @@ export function resolvePackageEntry(
       } else {
         // resolve object browser field in package.json
         const { browser: browserField } = data
-        if (
-          options.webCompatible &&
-          options.mainFields.includes('browser') &&
-          isObject(browserField)
-        ) {
+        if (options.mainFields.includes('browser') && isObject(browserField)) {
           entry = mapWithBrowserField(entry, browserField) || entry
         }
       }
@@ -1094,35 +1076,24 @@ function packageEntryFailure(id: string, details?: string) {
 function resolveExportsOrImports(
   pkg: PackageData['data'],
   key: string,
-  options: InternalResolveOptionsWithOverrideConditions,
+  options: InternalResolveOptions,
   type: 'imports' | 'exports',
 ) {
-  const additionalConditions = new Set(
-    options.overrideConditions || [
-      'production',
-      'development',
-      'module',
-      ...options.conditions,
-    ],
-  )
-
-  const conditions = [...additionalConditions].filter((condition) => {
-    switch (condition) {
-      case 'production':
-        return options.isProduction
-      case 'development':
-        return !options.isProduction
+  const conditions = options.conditions.map((condition) => {
+    if (condition === DEV_PROD_CONDITION) {
+      return options.isProduction ? 'production' : 'development'
     }
-    return true
+    return condition
   })
 
-  const fn = type === 'imports' ? imports : exports
-  const result = fn(pkg, key, {
-    browser: options.webCompatible && !additionalConditions.has('node'),
-    require: options.isRequire && !additionalConditions.has('import'),
-    conditions,
-  })
+  if (options.isRequire) {
+    conditions.push('require')
+  } else {
+    conditions.push('import')
+  }
 
+  const fn = type === 'imports' ? imports : exports
+  const result = fn(pkg, key, { conditions, unsafe: true })
   return result ? result[0] : undefined
 }
 
@@ -1160,11 +1131,7 @@ function resolveDeepImport(
           `${path.join(dir, 'package.json')}.`,
       )
     }
-  } else if (
-    options.webCompatible &&
-    options.mainFields.includes('browser') &&
-    isObject(browserField)
-  ) {
+  } else if (options.mainFields.includes('browser') && isObject(browserField)) {
     // resolve without postfix (see #7098)
     const { file, postfix } = splitFileAndPostfix(relativeId)
     const mapped = mapWithBrowserField(file, browserField)
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/fetchModule.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/fetchModule.ts
index b517a0febea3c2..d3851b37e7053c 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/fetchModule.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/fetchModule.ts
@@ -46,11 +46,10 @@ export async function fetchModule(
 
     const resolved = tryNodeResolve(url, importer, {
       mainFields: ['main'],
-      conditions: [],
+      conditions: externalConditions,
       externalConditions,
       external: [],
       noExternal: [],
-      overrideConditions: [...externalConditions, 'production', 'development'],
       extensions: ['.js', '.cjs', '.json'],
       dedupe,
       preserveSymlinks,
@@ -58,7 +57,6 @@ export async function fetchModule(
       isProduction,
       root,
       packageCache: environment.config.packageCache,
-      webCompatible: environment.config.webCompatible,
     })
     if (!resolved) {
       const err: any = new Error(
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/index.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/index.ts
index dc597ea41a3b04..34d4dbb9683f3c 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/index.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/index.ts
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ export interface SSROptions {
   /**
    * Define the target for the ssr build. The browser field in package.json
    * is ignored for node but used if webworker is the target
-   * This option may be replaced by the experimental `environmentOptions.webCompatible`
+   * This option will be removed in a future major version
    * @default 'node'
    */
   target?: SSRTarget
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/utils.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/utils.ts
index 2a5faa6cc8079d..4ae3f29b128b11 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/utils.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/utils.ts
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ export function createDebugger(
   const { onlyWhenFocused, depth } = options
 
   // @ts-expect-error - The log function is bound to inspectOpts, but the type is not reflected
-  if (depth && log.inspectOpts.depth == null) {
+  if (depth && log.inspectOpts && log.inspectOpts.depth == null) {
     // @ts-expect-error - The log function is bound to inspectOpts, but the type is not reflected
     log.inspectOpts.depth = options.depth
   }
diff --git a/playground/resolve/vite.config.js b/playground/resolve/vite.config.js
index c7d8d6ea059746..d12eb2283c3333 100644
--- a/playground/resolve/vite.config.js
+++ b/playground/resolve/vite.config.js
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ export default defineConfig({
   resolve: {
     extensions: ['.mjs', '.js', '.es', '.ts'],
     mainFields: ['browser', 'custom', 'module'],
-    conditions: ['custom'],
+    conditions: ['module', 'browser', 'development|production', 'custom'],
   },
   define: {
     VITE_CONFIG_DEP_TEST: a,
diff --git a/playground/ssr-conditions/vite.config.js b/playground/ssr-conditions/vite.config.js
index 41727adaf5f811..e59e1c2a612556 100644
--- a/playground/ssr-conditions/vite.config.js
+++ b/playground/ssr-conditions/vite.config.js
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ export default defineConfig({
     external: ['@vitejs/test-ssr-conditions-external'],
     noExternal: ['@vitejs/test-ssr-conditions-no-external'],
     resolve: {
-      conditions: ['react-server'],
-      externalConditions: ['workerd', 'react-server'],
+      conditions: ['module', 'node', 'development|production', 'react-server'],
+      externalConditions: ['node', 'workerd', 'react-server'],
     },
   },
 })
diff --git a/playground/ssr-webworker/vite.config.js b/playground/ssr-webworker/vite.config.js
index 3c10b035b550a2..223b79e5f8ba4c 100644
--- a/playground/ssr-webworker/vite.config.js
+++ b/playground/ssr-webworker/vite.config.js
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ export default defineConfig({
   },
   resolve: {
     dedupe: ['react'],
-    conditions: ['worker'],
   },
   ssr: {
     target: 'webworker',
@@ -14,6 +13,9 @@ export default defineConfig({
     // Some webworker builds may choose to externalize node builtins as they may be implemented
     // in the runtime, and so we can externalize it when bundling.
     external: ['node:assert'],
+    resolve: {
+      conditions: ['module', 'browser', 'development|production', 'worker'],
+    },
   },
   plugins: [
     {